A note on the importance of the Ngoko-Krama distinction for the determination of Javanese language structure

In his Leiden inaugural leoture De tegenstelling Krama-Ngoko: Haar positie in het Javaanse Taalsysteem^ Professor Uhlenbeck advocated the point of view that the Ngoko-Krama distinction belonged to the lexical layer {woordleer).Recently in his paper Some Preliminary Remarks on Javanese Syntax, 2 he remarked: "In view of the fact that only sequences of two different anxiliaries are allowed, it is interesting to note that aja and wis 3 have the same ceremonial equivalent (sampun)"; and 4 : "It is worth noting that from.a syntactic point of view the distinction kramangoko is much more important than from the point of view of morphology, phonology, or lexicography.For nearly all the auxiliaries and for many other important elements there are krama equivalents.This aspect was not sufficiently stressed in my inaugural lecture of 1950."One of Professor Uhlenbeck's publications which appeared in the period between 1950 and 1965 is his: De Systematiek der Javaanse pronomina. 5 The following note aims to find out whether for a description of the systematics of Javanese pronouns too the Ngoko-Krama distinction might be of a somewhat greater relevance than has been assumed till now.I will base myself exclusively on the material collected by Uhlenbeck, not claiming to have undertaken any new research.Uhlenbeck's work contains several tables, one of which shows the general systematic division as outlined by him, 6 others listing ceremonial equivalents of each group, and finally one showing the possibilities for transposition of each pronominal morpheme into another class of words.I would like to supplement these tables with one showing together all the ceremonial equivalents, now scattered through the descriptive sections of the book. 7 In my opinion a parallelism between the neutral, 1 (The opposition Krama : Ngoko.lts position in the Javanese language system), Groningen -Djakarta, 19S0

Linguistics · Morpheme · Phonology · Prefix · Syntax · Linguistic Variation and Morphology · Mathematics · Philippine History and Culture · Philosophy · Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism

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