The environmental issue in the East of Europe
Top–down, Bottom–up and Outside–In
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 7763447 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Michael Waller (0000-0002-1050-4574, Keele University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2010 |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 831-849 |
| Publication date | 2010-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Environmental Politics (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0964-4016 • E-ISSN: 1743-8934 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/09644016.2010.508315 |
| OpenAlex | W2006115225 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 8 |
| References cited | 21 |
The implosion of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe opened the closed frontier imposed by early Bolshevik policy and which was a key factor supporting the top–down nature of Communist rule. Behind it the market was abolished and the centrally determined plans were protected from world markets and other external influences. These states thus played no part in the development of globalisation, but their Communist parties fell from power just as globalisation was becoming a major factor in world affairs. The upshot was a marked asymmetry as Western influence entered the post-Communist space. The environmental issue was powerfully affected, as donor NGOs came to operate most congenially at intermediate level between government and grassroots groups. The outside–in operation of transnational NGOs thus replaced the incipient bottom–up activism in Eastern Europe from the Helsinki Agreements in 1975 onwards, and the 'informals' in the Soviet Union responding to Gorbachev's glasnost. This raises questions about the definition of participation and representation in a global age. Keywords: post-Communismglobalisationcentral command planningdissent glasnost transactional activismasymmetry
Communism · Democracy · Economic history · Economics · Frontier · Globalization · Grassroots · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Communism, Protests, Social Movements · Eastern European Communism and Reforms · Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics · Law
Environmental SMOs and resource mobilization in the post-communist vs the Northwest European context
Transactional activism without transactions
Manoeuvring towards Success
Between domestic politics and ecological crises
Back to the grassroots? The shrinking space of environmental activism in illiberal Hungary
From nature protection to politics
The Enduring Relevance of State-Socialism
Russia's Post-Soviet Ideological Terrain
The Rise and Fall of Communism
The New Russia
The Faces of Contemporary Russian Nationalism
Models of Nature
The Road to Post-Communism
The faces of contemporary Russian nationalism
Politics in Eastern Europe
Aral
The Environmental Crisis in Eastern Europe
The Radical Sources of the Crisis in West European Communist Parties
Environmental politics in Eastern Europe
Transactional and Participatory Activism in the Emerging European Polity
Communism and Development
The dams on the danube
The Baikal fund as an environmental pressure group
Communism and Development
| Unique citing works | 8 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,57 |
| Citation span | 2012 - 2023 (12) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 8 |