The effects of feedback on energy conservation
A meta-analysis
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 7983296 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Beth Karlin (University of California, Irvine), Joanne F Zinger (0000-0001-9667-2458, University of California, Irvine), Rebecca Ford (0000-0003-0820-8650, University of Otago) |
| Year | 2015 |
| Volume | 141 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 1205-1227 |
| Publication date | 2015-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0039650 |
| PMID | 26390265 |
| OpenAlex | W2413028598 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 73 |
| References cited | 43 |
Feedback has been studied as a strategy for promoting energy conservation for more than 30 years, with studies reporting widely varying results. Literature reviews have suggested that the effectiveness of feedback depends on both how and to whom it is provided; yet variations in both the type of feedback provided and the study methodology have made it difficult for conclusions to be drawn. The current article analyzes past theoretical and empirical research on both feedback and proenvironmental behavior to identify unresolved issues, and utilizes a meta-analysis of 42 feedback studies published between 1976 and 2010 to test a set of hypotheses about when and how feedback about energy usage is most effective. Results indicate that feedback is effective overall, r = .071, p < .001, but with significant variation in effects (r varied from -.080 to .480). Several treatment variables were found to moderate this relationship, including frequency, medium, comparison message, duration, and combination with other interventions (e.g., goal, incentive). Overall, results provide further evidence of feedback as a promising strategy to promote energy conservation and suggest areas in which future research should focus to explore how and for whom feedback is most effective
Biology · Economics · Energy (signal processing) · Energy conservation · Incentive · Meta-analysis · Microeconomics · Psychological intervention · Set (abstract data type) · Statistics · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Climate Change Communication and Perception · Computer Science · Ecology · Environmental Education and Sustainability · Mathematics · Medicine · Psychology
Analysis of User Behavior in Order to Reduce Energy Consumption through Responsible Innovation
The effects of daily supervisor negative feedback on employee creativity
What meta-analyses reveal about the replicability of psychological research
How psychology can help limit climate change
A Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (Simpea).
Nudging pro‐environmental behavior
Field interventions for climate change mitigation behaviors
Peer influence on household energy behaviours
Psychology of Climate Change
Values, Norms, and Intrinsic Motivation to Act Proenvironmentally
Recalibrating climate prospects
A better nudge definition for behavioral public policy
Adopting LEDs changes attitudes towards climate change
Evaluating Whether and How Public Health Event Information Frameworks Promote Pro-Environmental Behavior
Go Green, Go Social
Digital feedback and waste separation behaviour in university sport venues
Few and far between
Towards sustainable energy culture in the industrial sector
Nested Urban Scales
Determining key drivers of efficient electricity management practices in public universities in Southwestern Nigeria
Unlocking water saving potential in tourism destinations using Smart Water Meters
Household drinking water consumption
Improved biomass cookstove use in the longer run
The relevance of mechanisms and mechanistic knowledge for behavioural interventions
Is Over-Taking Immoral?—Taking and Donating in Resource Dilemma with No Damage Threshold
The effect of customized information feedback on individual electricity saving behavior
Taming the Dragons
Experimental Vignette Methodology
Mapping the Landscape of Pro-Environmental Behavior
Heterogeneity in moderation effects
Evaluating the effect of eight customized information strategies on urban households’ electricity saving
Can dynamic normative feedback enhance household kitchen waste separation? Evidence from two field intervention studies
New insights into thermal comfort sufficiency in dwellings
Boosting vs. nudging sustainable energy consumption
Two steps forward, one step back
Double trouble
Evaluating energy behavior change programs using randomized controlled trials
Studying the effects of intervention programmes on household energy saving behaviours using graphical causal models
Positive reinforcement is just the beginning
What effect does feedback have on energy conservation? Comparing previous household usage, neighbourhood usage, and social norms in Japan
Designing feedback systems for buildings
From intention to action
Information, timing, and display
Non-energy feedback
Of impacts, agents, and functions
The role of human influences on adoption and rejection of energy technology
Hard-to-reach energy users
Narrative
Does it last? Long-term impacts of an app-based behavior change intervention on household electricity savings in Switzerland
Bridging the electricity saving intention-behavior gap
Between users, functions, and evaluations
Domestic energy consumption and climate change mitigation
Energy conservation
Global sustainability, innovation and governance dynamics of national smart electricity meter transitions
Guilty pleasures
Linking internal and external transformation for sustainability and climate action
Reducing consumption of electricity
Bridging the gap between attitudes and behaviors in energy saving
Meta-analysis of pro-environmental behaviour spillover
From attitudes to behaviour
How to promote green travel effectively
What does customized information feedback do for pro-environmental behavior? A systematic literature review
Behavioral Economics and Energy Conservation – A Systematic Review of Non-price Interventions and Their Causal Effects
Feedback and cooperation
Public good provision, in-group cooperation and out-group descriptive norms
Nudged by a robot
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining social comparison as a behaviour change technique across the behavioural sciences
To select effective interventions for pro-environmental behaviour change, we need to consider determinants of behaviour
Reducing Shower Duration in Tourist Accommodations
The Effect of Personalized Feedback on Small Enterprises' Finances in Uganda
The Use of an Onboard Diagnostic Device to Provide Feedback on Driving Behaviors Related to Fuel Economy
Saving the Water in California
Climate Change and Six Americas
Introduction to Meta‐Analysis
The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
Fixed Effects vs. Random Effects Meta‐Analysis Models
Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis.
Moral Norms and Environmental Behavior
Influences on Attitude-Behavior Relationships
Meta-Analysis
Making energy visible
Self-regulation through goal setting
Behavior and Energy Policy
Evidence from Two Large Field Experiments that Peer Comparison Feedback Can Reduce Residential Energy Usage
The Law of Effect
Public perceptions of energy consumption and savings
The Short List
Social norms and energy conservation
Using normative social influence to promote conservation among hotel guests
Household actions can provide a behavioral wedge to rapidly reduce US carbon emissions
A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation
Models of Decision Making and Residential Energy Use
Personal and contextual influences on househould energy adaptations.
A behavior model for persuasive design
Pro‐environmental behavior
The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms
The theory of planned behavior
Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Normative Influences on Altruism
What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior
Residential Electricity Demand
The effects of feedback interventions on performance
Attitude-behavior relations
Lifestyle and home energy conservation in the United States
Household preferences for energy-saving measures
Using feedback, reinforcement and information to reduce energy consumption in households
Effects of Cost-Related Feedback on Consumer Knowledge and Consumption Behavior
Contributions of psychology to limiting climate change
Consumer Response to Continuous-Display Electricity-Use Monitors in a Time- of-Use Pricing Experiment
The Effect of Goal-Setting and Daily Electronic Feedback on In-Home Energy Use
A Theory of Social Comparison Processes
A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice
Normative Social Influence is Underdetected
The Feasibility of Changing Electricity Consumption Patterns
Household Behavior and the Use of Natural Gas for Home Heating
| Unique citing works | 73 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 7,3 |
| Citation span | 2016 - 2026 (11) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 69 |