Low Income, Ill-being, and Gender Inequality

Explaining Cross-National Variation in the Gendered Risk of Suffering Among the Poor

Bibliographic Data

ID8017752
AuthorsShoko Araki (0000-0003-0302-959X, University of Hong Kong, corresponding author), Francisco Olivos (0000-0001-6395-6593)
Year2024
Volume174
Issue1
Pages157-220
Publication date2024-07-07
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Indicators Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0303-8300 • E-ISSN: 1573-0921
PublisherSpringer Science+Business Media (PUBLISHER • DE)
DOI10.1007/s11205-024-03358-z
OpenAlexW4400392491
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited105

Scholars have long investigated the positive link between income and well-being, including its gender difference. However, little is known about (1) how low income is linked to ill-being among women and men; and (2) how their association varies depending on societal-level gender (in)equality. Filling this knowledge gap is crucial not only for scholarship but for social policy to tackle income-based disparities of ill-being. In this study, using the European Social Survey and the joint European Values Study-World Values Survey data, we conduct country-specific regressions and cross-national multilevel analyses to examine the relationship between low income, subjective ill-being (SIB), and macro-level gender parity. We first confirm that low-income individuals, regardless of gender, are more likely than their affluent counterparts to suffer from SIB in many countries. This indicates the applicability of implications derived from conventional approaches focused on the positive association between higher income and better well-being to the studies on low income and SIB. Nevertheless, the SIB risk significantly differs depending on the degree of gender inequality in that (1) both women and men face a higher likelihood of SIB in gender-inegalitarian societies; and importantly, (2) the psychological penalty for the poor is intensified under such gendered circumstances, especially among men. These results suggest that gender inequality not merely induces women’s ill-being but punishes low-income men possibly by exacerbating pressure as a breadwinner and imposing stigmas when they cannot meet gendered social expectations

Demographic economics · Economic inequality · Economics · Gender inequality · Human geography · Inequality · Public health · Quality of Life Research · Social inequality · Social science · Sociology · Variation (astronomy · Employment and Welfare Studies · Health disparities and outcomes · Mathematics · Medicine · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

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