Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Notes on capital and peasantry

Bibliographic Data

ID8045336
AuthorsHenry Bernstein (corresponding author)
Year1977
Volume4
Issue10
Publication date1977-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueReview of African Political Economy (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0305-6244 • E-ISSN: 1740-1720
PublisherTaylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/03056247708703339
OpenAlexW2026611169
LanguageEN
Citations received158
References cited2

Bernstein examines the diverse ways in which capital and the colonial state incorporated rural producers into the production and consumption of commodities as the means of securing their own subsistence. Regulations, services and the monopoly of crop producers have been used to require an often recalcitrant peasantry to organize production to meet the requirements of international capital and the local state for particular commodities, for trading profits, and for revenues and foreign exchange. The peasantry must be analysed in its relations with capital and the state, in varying concrete conditions, which means within capitalist relations of production. These are mediated not through the wage relation, but through various forms of household production by producers who are not fully expropriated, and who are engaged in a struggle with capital/state for effective possession and control of the conditions of production

Agriculture · Business · Capital (architecture · Consumption · Consumption (sociology) · Economic system · Economics · Economy · Financial capital · Geography · Macroeconomics · Market economy · Means of production · Monopoly · Possession (linguistics · Production (economics) · Relations of production · Sociology · State (computer science) · Subsistence agriculture · Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development · Political Economy and Marxism

  • "Kuku Berkarat"

    Open Access•Ratnasiwi Triari Ambarwati, Ratnasiwi Ambarwati•Lembaran Antropologi•2024

  • Capitalism and the Common Man

    Open Access•B Harriss-White•Agrarian South Journal of…•2012

  • Restitution over coffee

    Open Access•Joseph Nevins•Political Geography•2003

  • Irrigated Landscapes, Produced Scarcity, and Adaptive Social Institutions in Rajasthan, India

    Trevor Birkenholtz•Annals of the Association of…•2009

  • Numerical translations and labor conditions in China’s honey supply chain

    Open Access•Haohui Cai•Environment and Planning A…•2026

  • Class and Capitalism in the Global South

    Open Access•Dieter Neubert•Inequality, Socio-cultural…•2019

  • Awkward Classes and India’s Rural Development

    Open Access•B Harriss-White•The Indian Economic Journal•2023

  • Capitalism, petty commodity production and the farm enterprise

    Doug Goodman, David Goodman et al.•Agriculture•1986

  • The Structure of Peripheral Capitalism

    Hamza Alavi•Introduction to the sociology of…•1982

  • Petty Commodity Production, Capital Accumulation, and Peasant Differentiation

    Open Access•Scott J Cook, Scott Cook et al.•Review of Radical Political…•1986

  • Labor and Labor History in Africa

    Bill Freund•African Studies Review•1984

  • Labor Process and the Environment

    Open Access•Matthew D Turner•Human Ecology•1999

  • Enchaîner la valeur à Madagascar. L’exploitation économique vue depuis le Groupement des Exportateurs de Litchis (GEL) de Madagascar

    Open Access•Sami El Amari•EchoGéo•2025

  • Une pyramide se construit par le haut

    Sami El Amari•L Homme et la société•2025

  • Bridging the disciplinary divide between history and sociology in studying social change in Swaziland

    Open Access•M Zamberia•International Journal of…•2013

  • New Directions in the Political Economy of Agriculture

    Open Access•Philip Mcmichael, Frederick H Buttel•Sociological Perspectives•1990

  • What Happened to the Agrarian Bourgeoisie and Rural Proletariat under Monopoly Capitalism? A Reply to Göran Djurfeldt

    Open Access•Michael Winter•Acta Sociologica•1982

  • The Anthropology of the Malay Peasantry

    Open Access•Zawawi Ibrahim•Contesting Malaysia's Integration…•2021

  • Concentración vertical de productores campesinos por el Estado

    Open Access•Guadalupe Castorena•Revista Mexicana de Sociología•1983

  • Approaches to Understanding the Position of Women Workers in the Informal Sector

    Open Access•Tamar Diana Wilson•Latin American Perspectives•1998

  • Capitalism, Petty Commodity Production and the Farm Enterprise

    Open Access•Doug Goodman, David Goodman et al.•Sociologia Ruralis•1985

  • Modernization from below

    Anthony J Bebbington, Anthony Bebbington•Economic Geography•1993

  • Off-Farm Employment, Land, and Life Cycle

    Thomas R Leinbach, Adrian Smith•Economic Geography•1994

  • Formation and stratification of the peasantry in colonial Ghana

    Rhoda E Howard, Rhoda Howard•The Journal of Peasant Studies•1980

  • Prawns and piranhas

    Peter Gibbons, Peter Gibbon•The Journal of Peasant Studies•1997

  • Kapitalizm, Devlet ve Köylü

    Open Access•Bilgen TAŞDOĞAN, Zeynep AĞDEMİR•Politik Ekonomik Kuram•2019

  • Enterprising Africans

    Open Access•Valeria Lukkari•Business History•2026

  • The Struggle for Family Succession and Inheritance in a Rural Korean Village

    Soo Ho Choi•Journal of Anthropological Research•1995

  • The social reproduction of natural resource extraction and gendered labour regimes in rural Turkey

    Open Access•Coşku Çelik•Journal of Agrarian Change•2023

  • Autonomy as a politico‐economic concept

    Open Access•Jan Douwe Van Der Ploeg, Schneider•Journal of Agrarian Change•2022

  • Peasant Strategies in a World Context

    P Vandergeest•Human Organization•1989

  • Control, exploitation and exclusion

    Open Access•Xiaojun Feng•Journal of Agrarian Change•2024

  • Critical historical conjunctures in the emergence of agricultural wage labor in northern Nigeria

    Open Access•Louise Lennihan, Louise D Lennihan•Human Ecology•1984

  • Disintegrating rural development

    Louise Lennihan, Louise D Lennihan•Reviews in Anthropology•1991

  • Class Formation within the Peasantry

    Open Access•Kate Currie, L Ray•Sociology•1985

  • Markets, Nature, and Society

    Open Access•Brent Z Kaup•Sociological Theory•2015

  • Agrarian change and land-use strategies among Iraqw farmers in northern Tanzania

    Open Access•Karrie Ann Snyder, Katherine A Snyder•Human Ecology•1996

  • From peasants to petty commodity production in Southeast Asia

    Joel S Kahn•Bulletin of Concerned Asian…•1982

  • Intersectional precarity in academia

    Open Access•Eunbi Sim, LAURA L BIEREMA•Equal Opportunities International•2025

  • Ecological neo-Narodnism and the peasant economy

    Open Access•Marco P V Franco•Journal of Political Ecology•2021

  • Land degradation in Honduras

    Jon Hellin•Capitalism Nature Socialism•1999

  • Turkish Agrarian Debate

    Open Access•Zülküf Aydın, Zülküf Aydιn•New Perspectives on Turkey•1987

  • Colonialism and Legal Form

    Francis G Snyder, Francis Snyder•The Journal of Legal Pluralism…•1981

  • Class dynamics of agrarian change

    Michael Watts•The Journal of Peasant Studies•2012

  • A world which is not yet

    Open Access•Tom Bra, Tom Brass•The Journal of Peasant Studies•2007

  • Weapons of the week, weakness of the weapons

    Tom Bra, Tom Brass•The Journal of Peasant Studies•2007

  • Petty commodity production

    Open Access•B Harriss-White•The Journal of Peasant Studies•2023

  • We go back to the land

    Open Access•L Van Den Berg, P G M Hebinck et al.•The Journal of Peasant Studies•2018

  • The agrarian question in Peru

    Willem Assies•The Journal of Peasant Studies•1987

  • The agrarian origins of US capitalism

    C Post•The Journal of Peasant Studies•1995

  • Commercialisation, peasant differentiation and merchant capital in late nineteenth-century Bombay and Punjab

    Satish Chandra Mishra, Satish Mishra•The Journal of Peasant Studies•1982

  • Permanent transition or permanent revolution

    Tom Bra, Tom Brass•The Journal of Peasant Studies•1984

  • Small modern farmers

    Luis Llambí, Luis D Llambí•The Journal of Peasant Studies•1988

  • Tanzania

    James L Giblin, Jannik Boesen et al.•African Economic History•1988

  • The Effects of Violence and Internal Displacement on Rural-Agrarian Change in Turkey

    Open Access•Abdulkerim Sonmez•Rural Sociology•2008

  • An Inclusive Treadmill? Expansion of Industrial Maize Farming and Simple-Commodity Producers in Turkey

    Open Access•Yetkin Borlu, Stephen A Matthews•Rural Sociology•2019

  • Law and Development in the Light of Dependency Theory

    Open Access•Francis G Snyder, Francis Snyder•Law & Society Review•1980

  • Confabulations of Community

    Jonathan Church, Jonathan T Church•Anthropological Quarterly•1990

  • Diversification or De-Agrarianization? Income Diversification, Labor, and Processes of Agrarian Change in Southern and Northern Malawi, Mid-1930s to Mid-1950s

    E Green•Agricultural History•2008

  • Dossier

    Open Access•Thomas J Bassett, Alex W Peimer•Natures Sciences Sociétés•2015

  • State-Directed Capitalist Agrarian Change in the Creation of China’s Biggest Tea County

    Alexander F Day•Global Food History•2022

  • Global food insecurity as a crisis of social reproduction for the classes of labour

    Open Access•Coşku Çelik•Human Geography•2023

  • Migrant Waste Collectors in Thailand’s Informal Economy

    Stephen Campbell•European Journal of East Asian…•2018

  • Trapped Under the Orient's Night

    Open Access•Umut Kuruüzüm•Journal of Agrarian Change•2026

  • Peasants, the agrarian question and lenses of development

    Open Access•Gail Harrison•Progress in Development Studies•2001

  • Anatomy of a boom

    Open Access•Sango Mahanty, Sarah Milne•Asia Pacific Viewpoint•2016

  • Is There a Future for a Black Peasantry in South Africa

    Fred Hendricks, Fred T Hendricks•Comparative Studies of South Asia…•1995

  • Towards a political economy of food

    Ben Fine•Review of International Political…•1994

  • Agriculture and society

    Open Access•Giovanni Mottura, Enzo Mingione•Agriculture and Human Values•1989

  • Marketization induced overgrazing

    Open Access•Ruxin Zhang, E T Yeh et al.•Journal of Rural Studies•2021

  • Agricultural labour and agrarian reform in El Salvador

    Open Access•Samuel Anthony McReynolds•Journal of Rural Studies•1998

  • Development studies

    Open Access•Barbara Harriss•Progress in Human Geography•1979

  • Cash crops in developing countries

    Open Access•Simon Maxwell, Adrián Fernando•World Development•1989

  • Food policy and class transformation in revolutionary Nicaragua, 1979–1986

    Open Access•Michael Zalkin•World Development•1987

  • Proletarianization and gateways to precarization in the context of land-based investments for agricultural commercialization in Lao PDR

    Open Access•Vong Nanhthavong, Bieri et al.•World Development•2022

  • Ex post evaluation of technology diffusion in the African palm oil sector

    Open Access•Catherine P Bishop•World Development•2018

  • Contract farming and the peasantry

    Open Access•Mogens Buch‐Hansen, Henrik Secher Marcussen•Review of African Political Economy•1982

  • Understanding West Africa’s informal workers as working class

    Joshua Lew Mcdermott•Review of African Political Economy•2021

  • Placing African labour in global capitalism

    Nick Bernards•Review of African Political Economy•2019

  • Household units and historical process in Southern Malawi

    Open Access•Megan Vaughan•Review of African Political Economy•1985

  • The segmented agricultural labour market in Sudan

    Open Access•Abbas Abdelkarim•Review of African Political Economy•1985

  • Social differentiation in the communal lands of Zimbabwe

    Open Access•Ben Cousin, Dan Weiner et al.•Review of African Political Economy•1992

  • After Chayanov and Lenin

    Open Access•David Lehmann•Journal of Development Economics•1982

  • African Colonial Economies

    Open Access•Moses Ochonu•History Compass•2013

  • Labour power and legal transformation in Senegal

    Open Access•Francis G Snyder, Francis Snyder•Review of African Political Economy•1981

  • Farm tenancy on the South Chad Irrigation Project, Nigeria

    Open Access•Are Kolawole•Land Use Policy•1988

  • Peasant Struggles and Social Change

    Open Access•Suzan Ilcan, Suzan M Ilcan•International Migration Review•1994

  • Build the New City as Fast as Possible”

    Open Access•Courtney Wittekind•Antipode•2025

  • Labour Migration, Capitalist Accumulation, and Feudal Reproduction

    Open Access•Fraser Sugden•Antipode•2019

  • Articulation, Dissolution and Migration

    Open Access•Don Townsend•Tijdschrift voor Economische en…•1980

  • State and Class in Kenya – Notes on the Cohesion of the Ruling Class

    Open Access•Kate Currie, L Ray•The Journal of Modern African…•1984

  • Coercion and Incentives in African Agriculture

    Victoria Bernal•African Studies Review•1988

  • Social Classes and Economic Restructuring in Pastoral Africa

    Abdi Ismail Samatar•African Studies Review•1992

  • African Historical Studies Academic Knowledge as 'Usable Past' and Radical Scholarship

    Bogumił Jewsiewicki•African Studies Review•1989

  • The Emergence of Capitalist Relations in South Asante Cocoa-Farming, C. 1916–33

    Open Access•Gareth Austin•The Journal of African History•1987

  • Neo-liberalism, markets and class structures on the Nepali lowlands

    Open Access•Fraser Sugden•Geoforum•2009

  • Poverty finance and the durable contradictions of colonial capitalism

    Open Access•Nick Bernards•Geoforum•2021

  • The political economy of agrarian reform and spatial organisation in Chile

    Open Access•Eduardo Altheman Camargo Santos, Eduardo Santos et al.•Geoforum•1979

  • Rural Capitalists and Development in Colonial Africa

    Open Access•Prince Young Aboagye, Ellen Hillbom et al.•Journal of Agrarian Change•2026

  • Legal insecurity and land conflicts in Mgeta, Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania

    Open Access•Jan Kees Van Donge•Africa•1993

  • Maidens, meal, and money

    Claude Meillassoux•Maidens, meal, and money•1986

  • Political Economy of Contemporary Africa

    K P Moseley, Peter C W Gutkind et al.•The International Journal of…•1987

Unique citing works158
Citations per year3,36
Citation span1979 - 2026 (48)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 153

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae