China’s Grand Strategy
The Belt and Road Initiative and Military Modernization in Egypt and Pakistan
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8130232 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Zahid Shahab Ahmed (0000-0003-2084-0253, National Defense College, United Arab Emirates, corresponding author), Shady Ahmed Mansour (National Defense College, United Arab Emirates), Shady Mansour (0000-0002-8359-0725) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 61 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 4438-4459 |
| Publication date | 2026-01-31 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Asian and African Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0021-9096 • E-ISSN: 1745-2538 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/00219096251413612 |
| OpenAlex | W7126403998 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 40 |
This paper analyzes China’s evolving grand strategy by focusing on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and military diplomacy in the Global South. Unlike Washington’s containment approach involving security alliances, Beijing seeks to construct parallel economic and security orders in key regions, including the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. Cooperation with Egypt and Pakistan exemplifies this strategy. By integrating BRI infrastructure projects with arms exports, defense cooperation, and joint exercises, China deepens bilateral ties while fostering an alternative security architecture that challenges US dominance and advances a multipolar order
Beijing · China · Construct (python library · Diplomacy · Dominance (genetics · Enterprise information security architecture · International relations · Middle East · Modernization theory · Peacekeeping · Belt and Road Initiative · International Relations and Foreign Policy · Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
The China-Pakistan Axis
Rising to the Challenge
Foreign Affairs Strategy
On the Sino-Egyptian Geo-Relations in the Perspective of the Belt and Road——Based on Event Data Analysis
China’s “peaceful rise/peaceful development”
China’s Belt and Road Initiative and South-South Cooperation
China's Middle East Diplomacy
Understanding Bangladesh-China relations
China’s big idea
CPEC in Pakistan’s Quest for Energy Security
China and Africa
Impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative on regional stability in South Asia
Non-Interference 2.0
China's “Wolf Warrior Diplomacy”
China’s Military Diplomacy towards Arab Countries in Africa’s Peace and Security
History of Pakistan–China Relations
Rethinking China’s grand strategy
China and Egypt’s comprehensive strategic partnership in the Xi-sisi era
China and the transfer of military technology to the Middle East
The New Silk Road and China’s Evolving Grand Strategy
The Changing Dynamics and New Developments of China–Pakistan Relations
Panda diplomacy revisited
The role of defence countertrade in Chinese geoeconomic diplomacy
The Political Economy of U.S. Containment
Understanding China’s Grand Strategy through the Belt and Road Initiative
The Pakistan-American Alliance
China’s evolving security engagement in Africa
Pride and Prejudice
Beyond the status quo and revisionism
Wolf Warrior Spreads Superior
China's private security companies and the protection of Chinese economic interests abroad
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |