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Unraveling Teachers’ Beliefs About Grade Retention

Bibliographic Data

ID8224560
AuthorsEllen M Tomchin (Virginia Tech, corresponding author), James C Impara (Virginia Tech)
Year1992
Volume29
Issue1
Pages199-223
Publication date1992-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Educational Research Journal (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0002-8312 • E-ISSN: 1935-1011
PublisherAmerican Educational Research Association (AERA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.3102/00028312029001199
OpenAlexW2073411640
LanguageEN
Citations received16
References cited11

A multimethod approach was used to examine teachers’ beliefs about retention in grades K–7. Questionnaire responses indicated that teachers at all grade levels believe retention is an acceptable school practice that prevents students from facing daily failure and motivates them to work harder. Factors including academic performance, maturity, ability, gender, and age influence retention decisions, but the importance of factors differs among teachers. Teachers agreed that retention was not harmful in grades K–3, but they disagreed about the impact on students in grades 4–7. Teachers of grades 4–7 were less likely to retain students and less likely to agree about which characteristics warrant retention. Interviews suggested that teachers’ beliefs about their roles and responsibilities in student success were critical in retention decisions

Academic achievement · Developmental psychology · Grade retention · Knowledge retention · Mathematics education · Maturity (psychological · Medical education · Retention rate · Warrant · Early Childhood Education and Development · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness · Educational Assessment and Improvement · Medicine · Psychology · Social Psychology

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    Open Access•Shane R Jimerson, Gabrielle E Anderson et al.•Psychology in the Schools•2002

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    Open Access•Claudio Allende, Verónica López Leiva et al.•Education Sciences•2025

  • Examining the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and professional development on teachers’ grade repetition beliefs and practice

    Open Access•Gabriel Cipriano, Susana Da Cruz Martins•Educational Research for Policy…•2026

  • Second grade retention

    Open Access•Natalie Nóbrega Santos, Vera Cristina Monteiro•Psychology in the Schools•2024

  • Effects of grade retention on achievement and self-concept in science and mathematics

    Open Access•Timo Ehmke, Barbara Drechsel et al.•Studies In Educational Evaluation•2010

  • Promoting School Success Among At Risk Youth

    Karen A Randolph, Randall A Rose et al.•Journal of Poverty•2004

  • Birthday effects and preschool attendance

    Open Access•Francis L Huang, MARCIA INVERNIZZI et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2012

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    Open Access•Fanny Boraita, Géry Marcoux•Mesure et évaluation en éducation•2014

  • Analysing grade retention beliefs within teachers’ psycho-pedagogic beliefs system

    Open Access•Natalie Nóbrega Santos, Joana Pipa et al.•Teaching and Teacher Education•2022

  • Grade Retention at the Transition to Secondary School

    Open Access•Cécile Mathys, Marie‐hélène Véronneau et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2017

  • It’s a hard-knock life for us

    Timo Van Canegem, Mieke Van Houtte et al.•Research Papers in Education•2024

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    Open Access•Irene‐anna N Diakidoy, Irene‐anna Diakidoy et al.•British Educational Research…•1999

  • Test-Based Grade Retention

    Open Access•Randall D Penfield•Educational Researcher•2010

  • Categorical Inequality in Black and White

    Open Access•Kenneth Shores, Ha Eun Kim et al.•American Educational Research…•2020

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    Open Access•Melissa Roderick•American Educational Research…•1994

  • Crenças de professores e futuros professores portugueses sobre a reprovação no 2o ano de escolaridade

    Open Access•Natalie Nóbrega Santos, Vera Cristina Monteiro•Revista Brasileira de Educação•2021

  • Research on Teachers’ Pedagogical Thoughts, Judgments, Decisions, and Behavior

    Open Access•Richard J Shavelson, Paula Stern•Review of Educational Research•1981

  • Taking Student Responsibility Seriously

    Open Access•David P Ericson, Frederick S Ellett•Educational Researcher•1990

  • The Relationship Between Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in Reading Comprehension Instruction

    Open Access•Virginia Richardson, Patricia Anders et al.•American Educational Research…•1991

  • Nonpromotion in Kindergarten

    Panayota Mantzicopoulos, Delmont Morrison et al.•American Educational Research…•1989

  • A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Retention/Promotion on Academic Achievement

    Sarah E Peterson, James S DeGracie et al.•American Educational Research…•1987

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    Open Access•Mary Lee Smith, Lorrie A Shepard•American Educational Research…•1988

  • Teacher beliefs about their work activities

    M Eisenhart, Margaret A Eisenhart et al.•Theory Into Practice•1988

Unique citing works16
Citations per year0,5
Citation span1994 - 2026 (33)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 16

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