Diagnostic differences in mandibular P4 shape between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans

Bibliographic Data

ID8317140
AuthorsShara E Bailey (0000-0002-4626-9262, George Washington University, corresponding author), John M Lynch, John Lynch (0000-0003-2781-7902, Arizona State University)
Year2005
Volume126
Issue3
Pages268-277
Publication date2005-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0002-9483 • E-ISSN: 1096-8644
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/ajpa.20037
PMID15386225
OpenAlexW2147629346
LanguageEN
Citations received79
References cited23

This study uses elliptical Fourier analysis to quantify shape differences observed in the P 4 crown of Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. Previously, P 4 shape was assessed qualitatively, and results suggested marked differences between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans (Bailey [2002] New Anat. 269 :148–156). The goal of this study was to investigate the P 4 shape in more detail, quantifying it in order to determine its utility for taxonomic classification and phylogenetic analysis. A comparison of mean shapes confirms that the mesiolingual portion of the P 4 is truncated in Neandertals, and that this produces a distinctively asymmetrical P 4 . A randomization test confirms that the shape difference between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans is significant. Principal component and discriminant function analyses indicate that the relative size of the lingual portion of the tooth also affects tooth shape, with the lingual portion of the Neandertal P 4 being narrower than that of anatomically modern humans. Classification of P 4 crown shapes using discriminant functions analysis is far from perfect. While 86.4% of the teeth were correctly classified, classification was much better for anatomically modern humans (98.1%) than it was for Neandertals (65%). Fortunately, crown shape is but one of several diagnostic characters of the P 4 crown. P 4 crown asymmetry can be added to the growing list of dental morphological characters distinguishing Neandertals from anatomically modern humans. Moreover, based on a comparison of mean tooth shapes in fossil and recent humans, symmetry, rather than asymmetry, appears to be the primitive state, and the high frequency of P 4 asymmetry is likely derived in Neandertals. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc

Archaeology · Biology · Crown (dentistry) · Evolutionary biology · Geography · Neanderthal · Phylogenetic nomenclature · Phylogenetic tree · Principal component analysis · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science · Evolution and Paleontology Studies · Genetics · Morphological variations and asymmetry · Orthodontics · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology

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