Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The Geography of the Commons

The Role of Scale and Space

Bibliographic Data

ID8375574
AuthorsMark Giordano (0000-0001-6379-0984, Oregon State University, corresponding author)
Year2003
Volume93
Issue2
Pages365-375
Publication date2003-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAnnals of the Association of American Geographers (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0004-5608 • E-ISSN: 1467-8306
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/1467-8306.9302007
OpenAlexW2115392534
LanguageEN
Citations received52
References cited61

The “tragedy of the commons” is a concept familiar to students of resource management, and many academic disciplines have devoted considerable attention to its understanding and solution. Despite a long tradition of concern with issues directly related to the problem, the field of geography has been relatively silent in the commons literature, especially on the theoretic front. The present article attempts to address this shortcoming by applying geographic methodologies—particularly as related to scale and space—to an understanding of the phenomenon. The article first demonstrates the role of sociopolitical scale in defining the commons problem and then develops a typology classifying common resources into one of three categories—open access, fugitive, and migratory—based on spatial relationships between resources and resource users. The article shows that the geographic nature of the commons problem for any particular resource depends on the sociopolitical scale at which it is assessed, and suggests that solutions to commons problems should vary both by scale and by spatial nature

Archaeology · Cartography · Common-pool resource · Commons · Data science · Epistemology · Field (mathematics) · Geography · Phenomenon · Political science · Regional science · Resource (disambiguation) · Scale (ratio) · Social science · Sociology · Space (punctuation) · Tragedy of the commons · Typology · Computer Science · Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management · Ecology · Law · Mathematics · Mining and Resource Management · Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology

  • Critical food guidance for tackling food waste in Canada

    Open Access•Tammara Soma•Canadian Food Studies / La Revue…•2022

  • Rethinking ‘Drop-in’ Biofuels

    Open Access•K Birch, Kirby Calvert•Science & Technology Studies•2015

  • Governing the invisible commons

    Open Access•Gerald Epstein, Graham Epstein et al.•International Journal of the…•2014

  • Missing ecology

    Open Access•Gerald Epstein, Graham Epstein et al.•International Journal of the…•2013

  • Governing as commons or as global public goods

    Open Access•Nico Brando, Christiaan Boonen et al.•International Journal of the…•2019

  • Into the deep blue sea

    Open Access•Gerald Epstein, Mateja Nenadovic et al.•International Journal of the…•2014

  • Desposesión simbólica de la pesca artesanal

    Open Access•Gino Miguel Bailey, Antònia Casellas et al.•Scripta Nova Revista Electrónica…•2022

  • Materializing the blue economy

    Open Access•Christian Kull, Mialy Andriamahefazafy•Journal of Political Ecology•2019

  • Market‐based commons

    Open Access•Michelle Ann Miller•Transactions of the Institute of…•2021

  • Shared space and resource use within a building environment

    Open Access•Mark Villarreal, Timothy D Baird et al.•Geographical Journal•2025

  • Spatiality of the Commons

    Open Access•Timothy Mo, Timothy Moss•International Journal of the…•2014

  • Missing ecology

    Open Access•Gerald Epstein, Graham Epstein et al.•International Journal of the…•2013

  • Commons

    Open Access•Ferenc Gyuris•International Encyclopedia of…•2022

  • Water Rights

    Open Access•Olen Paul Matthews•International Encyclopedia of…•2017

  • Operationalizing the social-ecological systems framework to assess sustainability

    Open Access•Heather M Leslie, Xavier Basurto et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2015

  • Nature’s Emporium

    Luke Manget•Environmental History•2016

  • Adaptive capacity in federal rivers

    Open Access•David Garrick, Lucia De Stefano•Current Opinion in Environmental…•2016

  • The Catharsis of the Commons

    Open Access•Helen Briassoulis•International Journal of the…•2019

  • The weakness of the strong

    Open Access•Jacob D Petersen‐Perlman, Itay Fischhendler•International Environmental…•2018

  • The socio-spatial making and breaking of the rural commons in Hong Kong

    Open Access•Mee Kam Ng•Eurasian Geography and Economics•2024

  • Multi-level governance for large marine commons

    Rebecca L Gruby, Xavier Basurto•Environmental Science & Policy•2013

  • Powering hydrodiplomacy

    Open Access•Joshua Warner, Jeroen Warner et al.•Environmental Science & Policy•2020

  • Multi-level governance for large marine commons

    Rebecca L Gruby, Xavier Basurto•Environmental Science & Policy•2013

  • Social and solidarity economy and social and solidarity commons

    Open Access•Andrea Salustri•Annals of Public and Cooperative…•2020

  • Reclaiming community spaces in the Mekong River transboundary commons

    Open Access•Ming Li Yong•Asia Pacific Viewpoint•2020

  • Governing transboundary commons in Southeast Asia

    Open Access•Michelle Ann Miller, Jonathan Riggs et al.•Asia Pacific Viewpoint•2020

  • The unseen transboundary commons that matter for Cambodia's inland fisheries

    Open Access•Carl Grundy-Warr, Carl Grundy‐warr et al.•Asia Pacific Viewpoint•2020

  • B/ordering nature and biophysical geopolitics

    Open Access•Carl Grundy-Warr•Political Geography•2016

  • Coevolutionary decoupling in artisanal fisher communities

    Open Access•Gino Miguel Bailey, Gino Bailey et al.•Ecological Economics•2022

  • Common property mapping and the preservation of traditional rights in Chesapeake Bay's oyster fishery, 1892–1914

    Samuel P Hane, Samuel P Hanes•Journal of Cultural Geography•2013

  • Socio-cultural dimensions of climate change

    Open Access•James J Mccarthy, Chery Chen et al.•GeoJournal•2014

  • Short-term dynamics in livelihood conditions and woody plant extraction as an environmental entitlement at Mt. Kasigau, Kenya

    Open Access•Kimberly E Medley, Kenny Maingi et al.•GeoJournal•2018

  • Threshold concepts in geographical information systems

    Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava•Journal of Geography in Higher…•2013

  • B/ordering the environmental commons

    Open Access•Michelle Ann Miller•Progress in Human Geography•2019

  • Dangerous Development

    Chase LaSpisa•International Interactions•2025

  • L’organisation socio-spatiale, un commun pour le développement territorial. Le cas d’une communauté faxinal au Brésil

    Vanessa Iceri, Sylvie Lardon•Espaces et sociétés•2019

  • Theorizing energy landscapes for energy transition management

    Open Access•Kirby Calvert, Kirsten Greer et al.•Geoforum•2019

  • Probing the long-term evolution of traditional village tourism destinations from a glocalisation perspective

    Open Access•Yan Xu, Lin Lü•Habitat International•2024

  • Local Conservation Practice and Global Discourse

    Lisa M Campbell•Annals of the Association of…•2007

  • Geospatial Information Technology, Rural Resource Development, and Future Geographies

    M Duane Nellis, Mike Nellis•Annals of the Association of…•2005

  • Don't Fence Me In

    Jennifer F Brewer•Annals of the Association of…•2012

  • Spaces of Water Governance

    Eran Feitelson, Itay Fischhendler•Annals of the Association of…•2009

  • Retrospective on Nature–Society Geography

    K S Zimmerer•Annals of the Association of…•2010

  • Geographies of the pollinator commons

    Open Access•Ginger RH Allington, Aman Luthra•Progress in Environmental Geography•2024

  • Assessing side-payment and cost-sharing patterns in international water agreements

    Open Access•Shlomi Dinar•Political Geography•2006

  • Spaces of power for action

    Open Access•Mary Dengler•Political Geography•2007

  • Geographies of Scale in International Rugby Union

    Open Access•John Harris, Nicholas Wise•Geographical Research•2011

  • Urban commons to private property

    Open Access•Aparna Parikh•Environment and Planning D…•2021

  • Outer Space Mining

    Raphael Deberdt, Philippe Le Billon•Annals of the American…•2023

  • Hybrid Governance of Transboundary Commons

    Open Access•Michelle Ann Miller, Carl Middleton et al.•Annals of the American…•2020

  • Plant-Human Commoning

    Benjamin Cooke, Ruth Lane•Annals of the American…•2018

  • Do Property Rights Matter for Conservation? Family Land, Forests and Trees in Saint Lucia, West Indies

    Open Access•Bradley B Walters•Human Ecology•2012

  • Regions at Risk

    B L Turner, Jeanne X Kasperson et al.•Regions at Risk•1995

  • Silent violence

    Michael Watts•Silent violence•1983

  • Land in African agrarian systems

    Donald Crummey, Thomas J Bassett•Land in African agrarian systems•1993

  • Man and nature; or, Physical geography as modified by human action

    George Perkins Marsh•1864

  • Governing the Commons

    Open Access•Elinor Ostrom, Элинор Остром•Governing the Commons•1990

  • The Four Traditions of Geography

    William D Pattison•Journal of Geography•1964

  • "Common Property" as a Concept in Natural Resources Policy * 1

    S V Ciriacy‐Wantrup, S V Ciriacy-Wantrup et al.•Natural Resource Economics•2019

  • Revisiting the Commons

    Open Access•Elinor Ostrom, Элинор Остром et al.•Science•1999

  • The Question of the commons

    Bonnie J Mccay, James M Acheson•The Question of the commons•1987

  • Governing the Commons

    Open Access•Elinor Ostrom, Элинор Остром•Governing the Commons•2015

  • Forest and Land Management in Imperial China

    Open Access•Nicholas Menzies, Nicholas K Menzies•Forest and Land Management in…•1994

  • Conflict and cooperation along international waterways

    Open Access•A Wolf, Alexander M Wolf•Water Policy•1998

  • International waters

    Open Access•Aaron T Wolf, Shira B Yoffe et al.•Water Policy•2003

  • Toward a Further Understanding of the Regional Concept

    Preston E James•Annals of the Association of…•1952

  • A Unified Field Theory of Political Geography

    Stephen B Jones•Annals of the Association of…•1954

  • What alpine peasants have in common

    Open Access•Robert Mcc Netting•Human Ecology•1976

  • Scale misperceptions and the spatial dynamics of a social–ecological system

    Open Access•J A Wilson, James Wilson et al.•Ecological Economics•1999

  • Institutions, Ecosystems and Sustainability

    Open Access•John M Anderies•Ecological Economics•2002

  • The concept of scale and the human dimensions of global change

    Open Access•Clark C Gibson, Elinor Ostrom et al.•Ecological Economics•2000

  • Common property and collective action in economic development

    Open Access•Carlisle Ford Runge•World Development•1986

  • American History and Its Geographic Conditions

    Mark Jefferson, Ellen Churchill Semple•Bulletin of the American…•1915

  • American History and Its Geographic Conditions

    Ellen Churchill Semple•Bulletin of the American…•1903

  • Institutional Form and Its Effect on Environmental Change

    Jacque Emel, Rebecca Roberts•Annals of the Association of…•1995

  • Quantity and Quality in Geography

    O H K Spate•Annals of the Association of…•1960

  • Environmental Change in the Kalahari

    Andrew J Dougill, David S G Thomas et al.•Annals of the Association of…•1999

  • The Causes of Deforestation in Developing Countries

    Julia C Allen, Douglas F Barnes•Annals of the Association of…•1985

  • State Intervention and Abuse of the Commons

    Emily Young•Annals of the Association of…•2001

  • Changes in Form and Function of Property Rights Institutions under Threatened Resource Scarcity

    Jacque L Emel, Jacque Emel et al.•Annals of the Association of…•1988

  • Wisconsin Indian Hunting Patterns, 1634–1836∗

    Jeanne Kay•Annals of the Association of…•1979

  • Global Geopolitical Change in the Post-Cold War Era

    Saul B Cohen•Annals of the Association of…•1991

  • Re-claiming” Land in The Gambia

    Richard A Schroeder•Annals of the Association of…•1997

  • The Spatial View in Context

    Edward J Taaffe•Annals of the Association of…•1974

  • Claiming a Space in a Changing South Africa

    Grant Saff•Annals of the Association of…•1996

  • Tracking Ozone

    Andrew C Comrie•Annals of the Association of…•1994

  • Geography as Human Ecology

    Harlan H Barrows•Annals of the Association of…•1923

  • Representations of Geographic Space

    Donna J Peuquet•Annals of the Association of…•1988

  • Multiple Stable States and Models of Riparian Vegetation Succession on the Animas River, Colorado

    William L Baker, Gillian M Walford•Annals of the Association of…•1995

  • The Nature of Geography

    Richard Hartshorne•Annals of the Association of…•1939

  • Human Territoriality

    Robert David Sack•Politics•2017

  • Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States

    James M Omernik•Annals of the Association of…•1987

  • Exceptionalism in Geography

    Fred K Schaefer•Annals of the Association of…•1953

  • The Tragedy of the Commons

    Garrett Hardin•Journal of Natural Resources…•2009

  • Property-Rights Regimes and Natural Resources

    Edella Schlager, Elinor Ostrom et al.•Land Economics•1992

  • Rights, Property, and Community

    Gordon L Clark•Economic Geography•1982

  • The Imperial Lion

    Open Access•Earl P Scott, Stuart A Mark et al.•Geographical Review•1985

  • Dividing the Land

    Bradley H Baltensperger, Edward T Price•Western Historical Quarterly•1996

  • Uneven Development and the Tragedy of the Commons

    Rebecca Roberts, Rebecca S Roberts et al.•Economic Geography•1992

  • Cooperative Management of Environmental Resources

    Maureen G Reed•Economic Geography•1995

  • World Resources and Industries

    W Elmer Eklbaw, Erich W Zimmerman•Economic Geography•1933

  • The Imperial Lion

    M Kassas, Mohamed El‐Kassas et al.•Economic Geography•1986

  • The Economics of Deforestation in Eastern Africa

    Richard H Hosier•Economic Geography•1988

Unique citing works52
Citations per year2,48
Citation span2005 - 2025 (21)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 42

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae