Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Landscape and Climate Change in the Central Canadian Rockies During the 20th Century

Bibliographic Data

ID8422181
AuthorsBrian H Luckman (Western University, corresponding author)
Year1998
Volume42
Issue4
Pages319-336
Publication date1998-12-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueCanadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0008-3658 • E-ISSN: 1541-0064
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1541-0064.1998.tb01349.x
OpenAlexW2060530858
LanguageEN
Citations received6
References cited42

This paper reviews selected evidence of environmental changes in the central Canadian Rockies during the 20th century. The instrumental climate record shows that mean annual temperatures have risen ca. 1.4°C over the last 100 years but seasonal patterns of change are complex. The greatest increases have been in winter temperatures (3.2°C / century). Precipitation data, though limited, show variable patterns of change on decadal scales with generally higher levels of precipitation in the mid‐20th century. The longest streamflow record also shows considerable variability, with highest flows in the 1950s. A tree‐ring‐based temperature reconstruction indicates summer and spring temperatures in the last half of the 20th century are higher than any equivalent period over the last 900 years. Although no accurate regional estimates exist, glaciers have probably lost ca. 25% of their area in the last 100 years and may be smaller now than they have been at any time in the last 3000 years. These two lines of evidence suggest that the climate of the late 20th century is exceptional in the context of the last 1000 to 3000 years. Small but significant vegetation changes are taking place at the upper treeline ecotone in response to climate changes over the 20th century (e.g., seedling establishment). However, the most significant landscape change in the last 100 years is the transformation of the character of the montane forest due to a reduction in forest fire frequency, largely due to an active policy of fire suppression. Dans cet article, on révise certaines manifestations des changements environnementaux qui se sont produits dans les Rocheuses canadiennes au cours du 20 ème siècle. Ce registre instrumental climatologique indique que les moyennes annuelles de température ont augmenté d'environ 1,4°C en 100 ans, mais les modèles de changements saisonniers sont complexes. Les plus fortes augmentations ont été notées dans les températures hivernales (3,2°C/siècle). Les données concernant les précipitations ‐ bien que limitées ‐ indiquent des tendances variables de changement selon les décennies et en général des niveaux plus élevés de précipitation au milieu du 20 éme siècle. Le plus long enregistrement des débits d'un cours d'eau indique aussi d'importantes variations, les débits les plus forts se situant dans les années 1950. La reconstruction des relevés des températures faite à partir des cernes montre que les températures estivales et printanières de la deuxième moitié du 20 ème siècle sont plus élevées qu'elles ne l'étaient durant les périodes correspondantes des 900 dernières annés. Même s'il n'existe aucune donnée règionale exacte, les glaciers ont probablement perdu à peu près 25% de leur superficie au cours du dernier siècle et ils ont atteint leur plus petite taille des 3000 dernières années. Ces deux preuves suggèrent que le climat de la fin du 20 ème siècle est exceptionnel dans le contexte des 1000 à 3000 dernières années. Des changements mineurs mais significatifs s'effectuent actuellement dans l'écotone supérieur de la limite des arbres à cause des changements climatiques du 20 ème siècle (ex. l'implantation de nouvelles pousses). Pourtant, pendant le dernier siècle, la transformation la plus significative s'est effectuée dans les forêts de montagne. Grâce à une politique active de suppression des incendies de forêt, ceux‐ci sont beaucoup moins fréquents

Archaeology · Climate change · Climatology · Context (archaeology) · Dendrochronology · Ecosystem · Ecotone · Fire regime · Geography · Glacier · Global warming · Habitat · Meteorology · Period (music) · Physical geography · Precipitation · Vegetation (pathology) · Ecology · Environmental Science · Fire effects on ecosystems · Geology · Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics · Tree-ring climate responses

  • Tree-ring-based mass-balance estimates for the past 300 years at Peyto Glacier, Alberta, Canada

    Open Access•Emma Watson, Brian H Luckman•Quaternary Research•2004

  • Long-term relationships between reconstructed seasonal mass balance at Peyto Glacier, Canada, and Pacific sea surface temperatures

    Elizabeth Watson, B H Luckman et al.•The Holocene•2006

  • Un défi environnemental complexe du XXIe siecle au Canada

    Open Access•MIREILLE BOUCHARD•Canadian Geographies /…•2001

  • Recent Environmental Change in the Southwestern Canadian Plains

    Open Access•David J Sauchyn, David Sauchyn et al.•Canadian Geographies /…•1998

  • Progress in Canadian Geomorphology and Hydrology 1996–2000

    Open Access•HOUSTON C SAUNDERSON, Dan J Smith et al.•Canadian Geographies /…•2000

  • Why so much concern about climate change and so little attention to land use change

    Open Access•Olav Slaymaker•Canadian Geographies /…•2001

  • A Dendroclimatic Reconstruction of Annual Precipitation on the Western Canadian Prairies since A.D. 1505 from Pinus flexilis James

    Open Access•Roslyn A Case, Glen M Macdonald•Quaternary Research•1995

  • Neoglacial Glacier Fluctuations in the Canadian Rockies

    Open Access•Brian H Luckman, Gerald Holdsworth et al.•Quaternary Research•1993

  • The Alpine “Iceman” and Holocene Climatic Change

    Open Access•Carlo Baroni, G Orombelli•Quaternary Research•1996

  • Fennoscandian summers from ad 500

    Open Access•Keith R Briffa, P D Jones et al.•Climate Dynamics•1992

  • Changes in sub-alpine tree distribution in western North America

    Open Access•Regina M Rochefort, Ronda L Little et al.•The Holocene•1994

  • Mountain Areas and Global Change

    Open Access•Brian H Luckman•Mountain Research and Development•1990

  • Mountain Geomorphology

    Open Access•David Petley, David N Petley•Mountain Research and Development•2006

  • Tree-ring based reconstruction of summer temperatures at the Columbia Icefield, Alberta, Canada, AD 1073-1983

    Open Access•Brian H Luckman, Keith R Briffa et al.•The Holocene•1997

  • Global surface air temperature variations during the twentieth century

    Open Access•Keith R Briffa, P D Jones•The Holocene•1993

  • Calendar-dated, early 'Little Ice Age' glacier advance at Robson Glacier, British Columbia, Canada

    Open Access•B H Luckman•The Holocene•1995

  • Global Surface Air Temperature Variations During the Twentieth Century

    Open Access•P D Jones, Keith R Briffa•The Holocene•1992

  • Little Ice Age' summer temperature variations

    Open Access•Raymond S Bradley, Philip D Jonest•The Holocene•1993

  • Recent Environmental Change in the Southwestern Canadian Plains

    Open Access•David J Sauchyn, David Sauchyn et al.•Canadian Geographies /…•1998

  • Recession of the Drummond Glacier, Alberta

    Open Access•J G Nelson, Ian Y Ashwell et al.•Canadian Geographies /…•1966

  • Exploration in the Canadian Rockies

    Norman Collie•Geographical Journal•1899

  • Man as an Instrument of Landscape Change

    Open Access•J G Nelson, A R Byrne et al.•Geographical Review•1966

Citations per year0.21
Citation span1998 - 2006 (9)
Highly citedNo

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae