Following America into the second industrial revolution
New rules of competition and Ontario's farm machinery industry, 1850–1930
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8422183 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Gordon M Winder (0000-0003-3920-5591, University of Auckland, corresponding author), CORDON M WINDER |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 292-309 |
| Publication date | 2002-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0008-3658 • E-ISSN: 1541-0064 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1541-0064.2002.tb00752.x |
| OpenAlex | W2125522578 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 44 |
Despite the hiatus in farm expansion from 1880 to 1900, Canadian‐owned Massey‐Harris became a competitive multinational corporation as American branch plants arrived in Ontario. This equivocal performance in Canada's agricultural implements industry poses problems for explanations of Canada's branch plant economy. Most commentators blame an ill‐conceived National Policy for promoting and protecting inefficient industry and frustrating industrial development. In reviewing their explanations, I use systematic comparisons among plants as well as between the Ontario, New York, Ohio, and Illinois industries. I argue that Canada's National Policy was an effective industrial policy that promoted competitive implement manufacture under the constraints of Victorian era technology. Problems emerged in the 1880s, however, as Chicago firms developed mass production in harvesting machinery, and these became entrenched as gasoline tractor development swept the industry after 1900. Ontario firms struggled, but they outperformed competitors in New York and Ohio, who had been industry leaders in] 880. Canada's branch plant economy in the farm machinery industry was made in Chicago and by mechanical engineers, not in Ottawa and by politicians. En dépit de l'hiatus dans l'expansion du pare agricole entre 1880 et 1900, la société canadienne Massey‐Harris est devenue une grande société multinational compétitive lorsque des usines‐succursales américaines ont fait leur arrivée en l'Ontario. Cette baisse de performance de I'Industrie canadienne de fabrication d'outils et d'engins agricoles pose des problèmes sur le plan de l'explication de l'économie des usines‐succursales canadiennes. Pour la plupart des analystes, cette situation serait due à une politique nationals mal‐conçue. Celle‐ci aurait favorisé et protégé une Industrie inefficace, et ainsi frustré le développement industriel. En passant en revue ces analyses, je procède à une série de comparisons systématiques, d'une part des usines entre elles et, d'autre part, entre les industries de New York, de l'Ohio et de l'lllinois. J'avance que la Politique nationale canadienne etait une politique industrielle efficace qui a su promouvoir une Industrie de fabrication d'outils et d'engins agricoles compétitive dans le cadre de la technologie de l'époque victorienne et de ses contraintes. Des problèmes, qui ont fait leur apparition au cours des années 1880, suite à l'adoption par les sociétés de Chicago de la production de masse des moissonneuses, ont perduré suite à l'arrivée en masse des tracteurs à essence après 1900. Ce fut un moment très difficile pour les sociétés de l'Ontario mais elles réussirent à battre leurs concurrents de New York et de l'Ohio qui étaient leaders de l'industrie en 1880. Dans l'industrie des engins agricoles, le sort de l'économie des usines‐succursales était décidéà Chicago, par des ingénieurs en mécanique agricole, non à Ottawa, par des hommes politiques
Competition (biology) · Competitor analysis · Corporation · Economics · Economy · Industrial policy · International trade · Management · Market economy · Multinational corporation · Political science · Scarcity · American Environmental and Regional History · Canadian Identity and History · Historical Economic and Social Studies · Law
The second industrial divide
A Conjunction of Interests
Endless Novelty
Inside the Black Box
Ingenious Yankees
Technology on the Frontier
Progress without Planning
The Second Industrial Revolution and the Staples Frontier in Canada
Technology Transfer in the Ontario Harvester Industry 1830-1900
The Workplace, Technology, and Theory in American Labor History
Marketable Surpluses in Ontario Farming, 1860
Primary Products and Economic Growth
The Mechanization of Reaping and Mowing in American Agriculture, 1833–1870
The Mechanization of Reaping in Nineteenth-Century Ontario
Midwestern Industrialization and the American Manufacturing Belt in the Nineteenth Century
Ontario Agriculture in Transition
Personal Capitalism and British Industrial Decline
Invitation to Empire
Harvesters and High Finance
The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise
Wheat Farming in Simcoe County in the Mid‐nineteenth Century
Before the Corporation and Mass Production
Regional Development and Contemporary Industrial Response
From Farm to Factory
The Weakest Link
Geographical Perspectives on the Maritime Provinces
Agriculture, Balanced Growth, and Social Change in Central Canada since 1850
The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise
Historical Alternatives to Mass Production
The North American Manufacturing Belt in 1880
From Settlement to Fordism
The Economic Development of Canada
Technical Choice, Innovation and Economic Growth
| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,15 |
| Citation span | 2006 - 2020 (15) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |