Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The contributory role of grammar vs. vocabulary in L2 reading

An SEM approach

Bibliographic Data

ID8939573
AuthorsAmin Raeisi‐vanani (0000-0002-9575-3165, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran, corresponding author), Sasan Baleghizadeh (0000-0002-2290-8322, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran)
Year2022
Volume55
Issue2
Pages559-585
Publication date2022-03-03
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueForeign Language Annals (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0015-718X • E-ISSN: 1944-9720
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/flan.12606
OpenAlexW4214822914
LanguageEN
Citations received8
References cited53

The present ex post facto correlational research is aimed at exploring the relationship between grammar and vocabulary knowledge components in L2 reading comprehension. The study focuses on two cohorts of EFL students with different proficiency levels: more proficient (\MP) and less proficient (LP). Two dimensions of grammar knowledge are measured: implicit, through timed grammaticality judgment tasks and explicit, through grammatical error correction tasks. Two facets of vocabulary, viz. depth and breadth, are also assessed by Word Associates Test (WAT) and Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT), respectively. Reading comprehension is also tapped by five indicators of vocabulary, detail and negative factual information, main idea and purpose, co‐reference and inference. The data were analyzed through multigroup structural equation modeling, running AMOS. It was revealed that in the MP group, vocabulary knowledge was a better predictor of reading. In the LP group, however, it was unveiled that the role of grammar seemed to be slightly more contributive in predicting reading comprehension juxtaposed with that of vocabulary. Some implications are also discussed at the end

Cognitive psychology · Grammar · Grammaticality · Inference · Linguistics · Natural language processing · Reading (process · Reading comprehension · Test (biology · Vocabulary · Vocabulary development · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science · Psychology · Reading and Literacy Development · Second Language Acquisition and Learning · Text Readability and Simplification

  • Examining the Influential Mechanism of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners’ Flow Experiences in Digital Game-Based Vocabulary Learning

    Open Access•Xuan Wang, Linfei Feng•Education Sciences•2025

  • Measurement and structural invariance testing in L2 research

    Open Access•Ekaterina Sudina, Yazhuo Quan et al.•Studies in Second Language…•2026

  • How vocabulary knowledge and grammar knowledge influence L2 reading comprehension

    Open Access•Huilin Chen, Huan Mei•European Journal of Psychology of…•2024

  • Variation Patterns in Interlanguage Pragmatics

    Open Access•Zohreh R Eslami, Amin Raeisi‐vanani et al.•Contrastive Pragmatics•2022

  • Exploring the roles of L1 reading, L2 proficiency, strategy use and anxiety in L2 Reading comprehension

    Open Access•Zhao Ai-Ping, X J Zhang et al.•Journal of Research in Reading•2025

  • Using structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between receptive vocabulary knowledge and receptive language proficiency

    Open Access•Hung Tan Ha, Duyen Thi Bich Nguyen•International Journal of Applied…•2023

  • A Finer‐Grained Exploration of Morphological Knowledge in EFL Reading Among Chinese College Learners

    Open Access•Zhenxia Pei, Haomin Zhang et al.•International Journal of Applied…•2025

  • A thought group is a group, not a thought!” results of a teaching intervention on complex noun phrases in Canadian EAP programs

    Open Access•Dmitri Priven, Guillaume Gentil et al.•System•2024

  • Teaching and learning vocabulary

    Linda Taylor•Teaching and learning vocabulary•1990

  • Learning Vocabulary in Another Language

    Open Access•Paul Nation, I S P Nation•Learning Vocabulary in Another…•2001

  • Assessing Vocabulary

    Open Access•John Read•Assessing Vocabulary•2000

  • A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling

    Randall E Schumacker, Richard G Lomax•Beginner's Guide to Structural…•2004

  • Assessing Reading

    Open Access•J Charles Alderson•Assessing Reading•2000

  • Assessing the Roles of Depth and Breadth of Vocabulary Knowledge in Reading Comprehension

    David D Qian, David Qian•Canadian Modern Language Review/…•1999

  • Study Quality in Quantitative L2 Research (1990–2010)

    Open Access•Luke Plonsky•Modern Language Journal•2014

  • Are first- and second-language factors related in predicting second-language reading comprehension? A study of Spanish-speaking children acquiring English as a second language from first to second grade.

    Alexandra Gottardo, Julie Mueller•Journal of Educational Psychology•2009

  • Assessing Second Language Vocabulary Knowledge

    Marjorie Bingham Wesche, Marjorie Wesche et al.•Canadian Modern Language Review/…•1996

  • Modelling Learning Difficulty and Second Language Proficiency

    Rod Ellis•Applied Linguistics•2006

  • The Relative Significance of Syntactic Knowledge and Vocabulary Knowledge in Second Language Listening Ability

    Open Access•Payman Vafaee, Yuichi Suzuki•Studies in Second Language…•2020

  • First and second language vocabulary affect early second language reading comprehension development

    Open Access•Liza J van den Bosch, Eliane Segers et al.•Journal of Research in Reading•2020

  • Roles of linguistic knowledge, metacognitive knowledge and processing speed in L3, L2 and L1 reading comprehension

    Open Access•Amos Van Gelderen, Rob Schoonen et al.•International Journal of…•2003

  • Evaluation of an in-depth vocabulary knowledge measure for assessing reading performance

    Open Access•David D Qian, Mary Schedl•Language Testing•2004

  • Developing and exploring the behaviour of two new versions of the Vocabulary Levels Test

    Open Access•Norbert Schmitt, Diane Schmitt et al.•Language Testing•2001

  • The relative significance of syntactic knowledge and vocabulary breadth in the prediction of reading comprehension test performance

    Open Access•Toshihiko Shiotsu, Cyril J Weir•Language Testing•2007

  • Morphological awareness and reading comprehension in a foreign language

    Dongbo Zhang, Keiko Koda•System•2013

  • A methodological synthesis and meta-analysis of judgment tasks in second language research

    Open Access•Luke Plonsky, Emma Marsden et al.•Second language Research•2019

  • Moving the field of vocabulary assessment forward

    Open Access•Norbert Schmitt, Paul Nation et al.•Language Teaching•2020

  • Discourse comprehension

    Igor Klyukanov, Igor E Klyukanov et al.•Language•1996

  • Lexical Coverages, Inferencing Unknown Words and Reading Comprehension

    Open Access•Berthold Laufer•TESOL Quarterly•2020

  • Language proficiency and reading ability in first‐ and second‐language learners

    Open Access•MIENKE DROOP, Ludo Verhoeven•Reading Research Quarterly•2003

  • A Simultaneous Analysis of Relations Between L1 and L2 Skills in Reading and Writing

    Open Access•Tae‐Il Pae•Reading Research Quarterly•2019

  • Cross-Language Transfer of Syntactic Skills and Reading Comprehension Among Young Cantonese-English Bilingual Students

    Open Access•Tik‐sze Carrey Siu, Carrey Tik-Sze Siu et al.•Reading Research Quarterly•2015

  • The contribution of morphological awareness to lexical inferencing in L2 Chinese

    Open Access•Tianxu Chen•Foreign Language Annals•2018

  • Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling

    Open Access•Nassim Tabri, Craig M Elliott•Canadian Graduate Journal of…•2012

  • The Definition and Measurement of L2 Explicit Knowledge

    Open Access•Rod Ellis•Language Learning•2004

  • Validating an Elicited Imitation Task as a Measure of Implicit Knowledge

    Open Access•Nina Spada, Julie Li‐ju Shiu et al.•Language Learning•2015

  • The Interface of Explicit and Implicit Knowledge in a Second Language

    Open Access•Yuichi Suzuki, Robert Dekeyser•Language Learning•2017

  • Investigating the Relationship Between Vocabulary Knowledge and Academic Reading Performance

    Open Access•David D Qian•Language Learning•2002

  • L2 Reading Comprehension and Its Correlates

    Open Access•Eun Hee Jeon, Jun Yamashita et al.•Language Learning•2014

  • Size and Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge

    Open Access•Norbert Schmitt•Language Learning•2014

Unique citing works8
Citations per year2
Citation span2022 - 2026 (5)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 8

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae