Cartels and the Law in France before 1914
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8940049 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Charles E Freedeman (corresponding author) |
| Year | 1988 |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 462-462 |
| Publication date | 1988-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | French Historical Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0016-1071 • E-ISSN: 1527-5493 |
| Publisher | JSTOR (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.2307/286370 |
| OpenAlex | W2329815332 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 7 |
The depression of 1873 marked the beginning of the modern cartel movement in Europe. Although cartels existed before 1873, it was only in the four decades preceding the outbreak of the First World War that they developed into a significant force in the economy. The appearance and expansion of cartels depended upon a complex interaction of economic, political, and legal forces, which varied from country to country. Falling world prices for agricultural and industrial products from 1873 to 1896 sparked a search for ways to escape the rigors of competition and maintain prices at a remunerative level. Tariff protection to preserve the domestic market for native producers was high on the parliamentary agenda of most industrialized countries. The growth of cartels was closely tied to tariff protection. High tariffs enabled domestic producers to enter into agreements to maintain prices at profitable levels and avoid disastrous price swings. Cartels vary, but basically they involve agreements by independent firms to maintain prices at profitable levels by one or more of the following: price fixing, assigning production quotas to bring supply into line with demand, dividing the market among the member firms, or establishing a common agency to handle all sales. Charging high prices to domestic customers could subsidize the dumping of surplus product abroad at less than the costs of production. In turn, chaotic world prices sometimes led to the creation of international cartels. This new
Political science · French Historical and Cultural Studies · History · Law · Merger and Competition Analysis
Technological and corporate innovation in Spanish specialised metallurgy
De la cohésion à la dissolution
Economic Information on International Markets
Hoarding, Speculation, and the Public Order of the Market in France, End of the Eighteenth Century–1914
The Comptoir Sidérurgique de France , 1930–1939
Business and State in the development of the steel industry in Spain and Italy (c.1880–1929)
A Paradoxical Convergence
| Unique citing works | 7 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,23 |
| Citation span | 1996 - 2024 (29) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 6 |