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French Sexual Politics from Human Rights to the Anthropological Function of the Law

Bibliographic Data

ID8941145
AuthorsCamille Robcis (corresponding author)
Year2010
Volume33
Issue1
Pages129-156
Publication date2010-01-13
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrench Historical Studies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0016-1071 • E-ISSN: 1527-5493
PublisherDuke University Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1215/00161071-2009-023
OpenAlexW2047583134
LanguageEN
Citations received25

Since the 1980s, amid debates around assisted reproductive technologies, nontraditional families, same-sex parenting, filiation, and transsexuality, French judges and legislators have referred to the “anthropological” or “symbolic” function of the law. This idea was originally developed by a group of legal scholars, influenced by structuralist anthropology and psychoanalysis, who posited the primary purpose of the law as the proper integration of individuals into a “symbolic order” defined by a normative construction of heterosexuality. Civil law, they argued, upheld the social world and guaranteed psychic cohesion. This essay offers a historical hypothesis to account for why this rhetoric emerged in the context of these discussions around sexual politics. It argues that legal scholars began to invoke the “anthropological function of the law” in response to individuals who relied on the discourse of human rights to make a series of demands in the fields of gender, sexuality, and reproduction. Depuis les années 1980, lors des débats autour de la procréation médicalement assistée, des familles recomposées, de l'homoparentalité, de la filiation et de la transsexualité, plusieurs législateurs et magistrats français ont invoqué la fonction « anthropologique » ou « symbolique » du droit. Selon cette idée, formulée à l'origine par un groupe de juristes influencés par l'anthropologie et la psychanalyse structuraliste, le rôle principal du droit est d'assurer l'intégration des individus dans un « ordre symbolique » défini autour d'une construction normative de l'hétérosexualité. Le droit civil maintiendrait ainsi à la fois la cohérence du social et du psychique. Cet article propose une hypothèse historique pour expliquer l'émergence de cette rhétorique en France, dans le contexte de ces discussions autour des politiques de la sexualité. Sa thèse centrale est que « l'anthropologie dogmatique » a été érigée en rempart contre ceux qui se sont appuyés sur le discours des droits de l'homme dans le but d'acquérir divers droits dans les domaines du genre, de la sexualité et de la reproduction

Ethnology · Human sexuality · Humanities · Normative · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Anthropology · Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies · French Historical and Cultural Studies · Gender Studies · Historical and Scientific Studies · Law · Philosophy

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