The Khāliṣah of Varamin
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8967074 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Mansoureh Ettehadieh Nezam‐Mafi (University of Tehran, corresponding author), Mansoureh Ettehadieh Nezam-Mafi |
| Year | 1993 |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 5-15 |
| Publication date | 1993-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal Middle East Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0020-7438 • E-ISSN: 1471-6380 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0020743800058013 |
| OpenAlex | W2110413312 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 5 |
| References cited | 2 |
The history and development of land tenure in Iran have been affected by many factors, including climatic conditions, scarcity of water, lack of security, widespread tribalism, and legal and administrative confusion. In addition to limitations in resources, political instability in the premodern period molded systems of land tenure in Iran. Changes of dynasty were frequent and usually followed by the confiscation and redistribution of land. The Qajar dynasty (1788–1925), which came to power after a long period of anarchy and civil war, continued that general pattern. There were three classes of land ownership in Iran in this period: waqfs (religious endowments), arbābī (land owned by large landlords), and khāliṣah (state-owned lands). This last category was composed of lands confiscated by the government as punishment for rebellion or failure to pay taxes. As land was often the only form of wealth landlords had, the threat of government confiscation was an instrument of control as well as a source of revenue for the state. The khāliṣah were usually rented out on long-term leases or were granted as ṭuyul , that is in lieu of services rendered or salaries deferred. The khāliṣah were also in some instances farmed directly by the government. These lands were cultivated by peasants under conditions similar to those of the arbābī lands. They were scattered throughout the country and were also subject to various local and regional variations in agricultural taxes
Agriculture · Archaeology · Business · Confiscation · Economics · Economy · Geography · Government (linguistics · Land tenure · Market economy · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Redistribution (election · Revenue · Scarcity · State (computer science · Finance · Islamic Finance and Banking Studies · Islamic Studies and History · Law
| Unique citing works | 5 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,28 |
| Citation span | 2008 - 2020 (13) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 5 |