Surveying Physicians

BACKGROUND: Surveys serve essential roles in clinical epidemiology and health services research. However, physician surveys frequently encounter problems achieving adequate response rates. Research on enhancing response rates to surveys of the general public has led to the development of Dillman's "Total Design Approach" to the design and conduct of surveys. The impact of this approach on response rates among physicians is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which the components of the total design approach have been found to be effective in physician surveys. DESIGN: A systematic review. RESULTS: The effectiveness of prepaid financial incentives, special contacts, and personalization to enhance response rates in surveys of physicians have been confirmed by the existing research. There is suggestive evidence supporting the use of first class stamps on return envelopes and multiple contacts. The optimum amount for incentives and the number of contacts necessary have not been established. Details of questionnaire design and their impact on response rates have received almost no attention from researchers. Few studies have assessed the usefulness of combinations of components of the total design approach. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the number of surveys conducted among physicians, their cost, the level of interest in their findings, and in spite of inadequate response rates, there have been few randomized trials conducted on important aspects of enhancing response in this population. Until this gap has been filled, researchers conducting surveys of physicians should consider including all components of the total design approach whenever feasible

Actuarial science · Business · Economics · Environmental health · Family medicine · Incentive · Patient recruitment · Personalization · Population · Randomized controlled trial · Research design · Statistics · Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods · Marketing · Medicine · Psychology · Survey Methodology and Nonresponse · Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques

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  Gordon Willis, Gordon B Willis et al.•Medical Care•2013

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• Evaluation of the Use of Shared Decision Making in Breast Cancer

  Open Access•Marta Maes‐Carballo, Manuel Martín‐Díaz et al.•International Journal of…•2021

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• Improving child health promotion practices in multiple sectors – outcomes of the Swedish Salut Programme

  Open Access•Kristina Edvardsson, Anneli Ivarsson et al.•BMC Public Health•2012

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• Addressing Disparities in Physician Access to Information in Support of Evidence-based Practice

  Erinn E Aspinall, Shanda Lee Hunt et al.•Health Communication•2021

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• Response rates in postal surveys of healthcare professionals between 1996 and 2005

  Open Access•Julia V Cook, Heather O Dickinson et al.•BMC Health Services Research•2009

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• Assessing physicians' intentions to talk about sex when they vaccinate nine-year-old to 15-year-old girls against HPV

  Natoshia M Askelson, Shelly Campos et al.•Sex Education•2011

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• Population Survey Features and Response Rates

  Yimeng Guo, Jacek A Kopec et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2016

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  Mindy Flanagan, Rangaraj Ramanujam et al.•Medical Care•2007

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• Utility and Cost-effectiveness of Motivational Messaging to Increase Survey Response in Physicians

  Open Access•Randolph C H Chan, Winnie W S Mak et al.•CAM•2018

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• An Informational versus Monetary Incentive in Increasing Physicians' Response Rates

  Open Access•Alyssa Easton, Alyssa N Easton et al.•Psychological Reports•1997

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• Increasing response rates in physicians' mail surveys

  Brigitte Maheux, Claudine Legault et al.•American Journal of Public Health•1989

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• Improving response rates through incentive and follow-up

  Ellen Tambor, E S Tambor et al.•American Journal of Public Health•1993

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• Interviewing physicians

  Marc L Berk•American Journal of Public Health•1985

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• Conducting Physician Mail Surveys on a Limited Budget

  David A Asch, Nicholas A Christakis et al.•Medical Care•1998

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• Effects of Different Monetary Incentives on the Return Rate of a National Mail Survey of Physicians

  Jonathan B VanGeest, Matthew K Wynia et al.•Medical Care•2001

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• Factors Affecting Response Rates to Mailed Questionnaires

  Thomas A Heberlein, R Baumgartner•American Sociological Review•1978

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• Physician Response to a Mailed Survey an Experiment in Timing of Payment

  Sandra H Berry, David E Kanouse•Public Opinion Quarterly•1987

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• Understanding Mail Survey Response Behavior

  Francis J Yammarino, Steven J Skinner et al.•Public Opinion Quarterly•1991

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• Estimating the Effect of Incentives on Mail Survey Response Rates

  Allan H Church•Public Opinion Quarterly•1993

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• Mail Survey Response Rate

  Richard J Fox, Melvin R Crask et al.•Public Opinion Quarterly•1988

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• Physician Response Rates to a Telephone Survey

  Walter J Gunn, Isabelle N Rhodes•Public Opinion Quarterly•1981

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• Physician Response Rates to Mail and Personal Interview Surveys

  Herschel Shosteck, William R Fairweather•Public Opinion Quarterly•1979

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• Incentives for Increasing Return Rates

  J Scott Mizes, E Louis Fleece et al.•Public Opinion Quarterly•1984

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