Risk-Adjusted Mortality Rates as a Potential Outcome Indicator for Outpatient Quality Assessments

Bibliographic Data

ID9103066
AuthorsAlfredo J Selim (Health Services Research & Development, corresponding author), Dan R Berlowitz (0000-0002-8783-5611, Boston Medical Center, corresponding author), Graeme Fincke (VA Boston Healthcare System, corresponding author), Amy K Rosen (0000-0002-7539-7749, Health Services Research & Development, corresponding author), Xinhua Steve Ren (0000-0003-0412-4134, Health Services Research & Development, corresponding author), Cindy L Christiansen (Health Services Research & Development, corresponding author), Zhongxhiao Cong (Health Services Research & Development, corresponding author), Austin Lee (0000-0003-2811-7385), J Austin Lee (0000-0002-0252-3716, Boston University, corresponding author), Lewis Kazis, Lewis E Kazis (0000-0003-1800-5849, Health Services Research & Development, corresponding author)
Year2002
Volume40
Issue3
Pages237-245
Publication date2002-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueMedical Care (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0025-7079 • E-ISSN: 1537-1948
PublisherOvid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1097/00005650-200203000-00007
PMID11880796
OpenAlexW1969031746
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited45

OBJECTIVE: The quality of outpatient medical care is increasingly recognized as having an important impact on mortality. We examined whether a clinically credible risk adjustment methodology can be developed for outpatient quality assessments. RESEARCH DESIGN: This study used data from the 1998 National Survey of Ambulatory Care Patients, a prospective monitoring system of outcomes of patients receiving ambulatory care in the Veterans Affairs (VA) integrated service networks. SUBJECTS: Thirty-one thousand eight hundred twenty-three patients were followed for 18 months. MEASURES: The main study outcome measures were observed and risk-adjusted mortality rates. RESULTS: Of the 31,823 patients, 1559 (5%) died during the 18-months of follow-up. Observed mortality rates across the 22 VA integrated service networks varied significantly from 3.3% to 6.7% (P <0.001). Age, gender, comorbidities (Charlson Index), physical health, and mental health were significant predictors of dying. The resulting risk-adjusted mortality model performed well in cross-validated tests of discrimination (c-statistic = 0.768; 95% CI, 0.749-0.788) and calibration. Analysis of variance confirmed that the 22 integrated service networks differed in their average level of expected risk (P <0.001). Risk-adjusted rates and ranks of the networks differed considerably from unadjusted ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Risk-adjusted mortality rates may be a useful outcome measure for assessing quality of outpatient care. We have developed a clinically credible risk adjustment model with good performance properties using sociodemographics, diagnoses, and functional status data. The resulting risk adjustment model altered assessments of the performance of the integrated service networks when compared with the unadjusted mortality rates

Ambulatory · Ambulatory care · Health care · Mortality rate · Risk assessment · Veterans Affairs · Demography · Emergency Medicine · Healthcare Policy and Management · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare · Primary Care and Health Outcomes

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