Utopian Themes in Marx and Mao

Before his study of French revolutionary politics and British political economy, in the period when he was criticizing Hegel's theory of the state from the standpoint of a radical democrat, Marx proclaimed as his ideal mankind's return from Gesellschaft to Gemeinschaft: "That self-reliance, that freedom, which disappeared from earth with the Greeks, and with Christianity vanished into the blue haze of heaven, must again be awakened in the hearts of men. Then only will they seek as their highest goal moving from society (Gesellschaft) to a new community (Gemeinschaft), to a democratic state."This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website

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