Religion and Intergroup Boundaries

Positive and Negative Ties among Youth in Ethnically and Religiously Diverse School Classes in Western Europe

Bibliographic Data

ID9255484
AuthorsM Simsek (0000-0002-3559-6874, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, corresponding author), Anne Maaike Mulders (0000-0002-6415-2877, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), KNAW, University of Groningen, The Hague, Groningen, Netherlands), Frank Van Tubergen, Fenella Fleischmann (0000-0001-5121-885X, European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands)
Year2022
Volume64
Issue1
Pages1-33
Publication date2022-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueReview of Religious Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2211-4866 • E-ISSN: 0034-673X
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1007/s13644-021-00473-y
OpenAlexW3212929873
LanguageEN
Citations received20
References cited59

Background In the past decades, Western European countries have become increasingly religiously diverse; furthermore, a growing share of their population is now youth with a migration background. Little is known about the role religion plays in social ties among children of native and immigrant origins. Purpose This study examines religious group boundaries among youth in secondary schools in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. To this end, it describes to what extent youth's positive and negative ties in the classroom are segregated along religious lines. Furthermore, it analyzes the role of structural opportunities and religious in-group preferences in the formation of religious boundaries in the social networks of youth. Methods The data come from the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), which contains more than 18,000 adolescents (aged 14–15) in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. First, we describe overall religious segregation in the social ties of youth by using the full survey data. Second, we test our hypotheses by analyzing the complete social networks of 5236 students in 247 classes. Results The analysis reveals that friendships are more likely between classmates with similar religious affiliations than classmates with different religious affiliations. In particular, in terms of friendships, there is clear segregation between non-religious and Christian youth on the one hand and Muslim youth on the other. This segregation is partly driven by structural forces that constrain intergroup meeting opportunities. However, group segregation goes beyond the patterns expected from opportunities alone. The results show strong preferences for intrareligious friendships and a tendency to avoid ties between Muslim and non-Muslim youth. Conclusion and Implications There are religious boundaries in the social relationships of youth in ethnically and religiously diverse school classes in Western Europe. In particular, social boundaries between Muslim and non-Muslim youth are the strongest. Creating opportunities for positive intergroup contact, such as the promotion of religiously diverse schools, apparently is not sufficient to avoid religious boundaries among youth. To reduce segregation along religious lines, interventions would also need to address the factors that shape youth's preferences for intrareligious friendships

Immigration · Interpersonal ties · Political science · Population · Sociology · Demography · Gender Studies · Law · Psychology · Religion and Society Interactions · Religion, Society, and Development · Religious Education and Schools · Social Psychology

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