Mamlūk sultanic heraldry and the numismatic evidence

A few years ago Professor Balog, in the introduction to his book Coinage of the Mamlūk sultans of Egypt and Syria , suggested, on the basis of the numismatic evidence, a number of modifications to the principles of Mamlūk heraldry proposed earlier by Mayer in his book Saracenic heraldry , particularly with regard to the use of composite blazons by the sultans, and their design. Balog's main conclusions may be briefly summarized as follows: ( a ) The Mamlūk sultans engraved their coats-of-arms on many of their coins. ( b ) Besides simple charges true composite blazons occur on fulūs, showing that not only the nobility but the sultans also had composite blazons. ( c ) All simple charges occurring on issues of one and the same sultan are parts of his composite blazon. ( d ) Coins sometimes confirm the evidence for a sultan's blazon provided by other objects, and sometimes contradict it; in the latter case, the coin evidence should prevail, ( e ) Coins, in that they can be definitely attributed and the ownership of the blazons they carry can be proved without question, confirm Mayer's theory that the Mamlūk blazon was hereditary

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