Gender equality and the shifting gap in female‐to‐male prison admission rates
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9680702 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Heather Mclaughlin (0000-0002-0352-1958, Department of Sociology Oklahoma State University, corresponding author), Sarah K S Shannon (0000-0001-7192-5850, Department of Sociology University of Georgia) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 60 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 508-537 |
| Publication date | 2022-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Criminology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0011-1384 • E-ISSN: 1745-9125 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/1745-9125.12308 |
| OpenAlex | W4229448014 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 6 |
| References cited | 103 |
Although women have made dramatic gains toward equality with men over the past century, this progress has occurred alongside tremendous growth in U.S. incarceration rates. Extending prior research on sex differences in offending, we turn our attention to punishment by exploring how gender equality in education, work, and politics is associated with disparities in annual prison admissions. Using pooled cross‐sectional data for U.S. states from 1983 to 2010, we conduct a series of fixed‐effects regressions to estimate the ratio of female‐to‐male annual prison admission rates, as well as sex‐specific rates, disaggregated by violent, property, and drug crimes. We find partial support for the ameliorative hypothesis, which predicts that increasing gender equality will decrease female incarceration rates relative to male rates. For one of our three measures of gender equality—the sex gap in educational attainment—we find that greater equality is associated with a widening of the sex gap in incarceration rates, particularly for property offenses. We explore the implications of these findings in relation to existing theories of gender, crime, and punishment
Criminology · Demographic economics · Economics · Educational attainment · Gender equality · Gender gap · Political science · Politics · Prison · Property crime · Punishment (psychology · Sociology · Violent crime · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Demography · Gender Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology
Is the Criminal Legal System Becoming More Gender Egalitarian? The Gender Gap in Criminal Court Case Outcomes in Texas, 1993–2015
How bad do you feel about it? The parallel mediation role of guilt and shame in promoting prisoners’ intention to change
The Gender-Crime Convergence across Race-Ethnicities
Who gets a second chance? Compliance, classification, and criminal conviction
Trends in Women's Incarceration Rates in US Prisons and Jails
Gender equality and female incarceration
Fixed Effects Regression Models
Gender Equality and Gendered Homicides
Gender and Sentencing in the Federal Courts
Judicial Paternalism and the Female Status Offender
The Gender Pay Gap
Principles of Criminology
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
A New Look at the Gender Gap in Offending
The Joint Effects of Gender and Race/Ethnicity on Sentencing Outcomes in Federal Courts
Mostly Harmless Econometrics
The Growth of Incarceration in the United States
Feminism and criminology
The Female Offender
Patriarchy Matters
Gender Equality and Women’s Absolute Status
Girls’ and Women’s Violence
Changing Social Roles and Female Crime in Canada
Gender Gap Trends for Violent Crimes, 1980 to 2003
Sex-Based Sentencing
Gender and Status Offending
Patriarchy, Crime, and Justice
Patriarchy Reasserted
Structural Gender Equality and Federal Sentencing Outcomes
Emotions about crime and attitudes to punishment
Hell to pay
Governing Social Marginality
Assessing the Impact of Gender Inequality on Female Homicide Victimization Across U.S. Cities
Gender and Crime
What drives punitive beliefs
Are members of the public tough on crime
From Initial Appearance to Sentencing
The impact of state sentencing policies on the U.S. prison population
Gender as social threat
Gender, race, and formal court decision-making outcomes
The gender gap in death penalty support
Gender Differences in Criminal Sentencing
The Socioeconomic Status of Women and Patterns of Forcible Rape for Major U.S. Cities
Women's Liberation and Increases in Minor, Major, and Occupational Offenses
Gender, Structural Disadvantage, and Urban Crime
Partisan Politics, Electoral Competition and Imprisonment
The Impact of the Ethnicity and Gender of Defendants on the Decision to Reject or Dismiss Felony Charges
The Narrowing Gender Gap in Arrests
The Effect of Gender on the Decision to Incarcerate Before and After the Introduction of Sentencing Guidelines
An Assessment of Recent Trends in Girls' Violence Using Diverse Longitudinal Sources
Historical Contingencies and the Evolving Importance of Race, Violent Crime, and Region in Explaining Mass Incarceration in the United States
State Prison Populations and Their Growth, 1971–1991
Gender Equality and the Sex Ratio of Intimate Killing
Trends in the Gender Gap in Violent Offending
Gender, Police Arrest Decisions, and Notions of Chivalry
Violence Against Women in U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Racial Threat, Partisan Politics, and Racial Disparities in Prison Admissions
Determinate Sentencing and Abolishing Parole
Does the Gender Gap in Delinquency Vary by Level of Patriarchy? A Cross‐national Comparative Analysis
Liberation/Emancipation, Economic Marginalization, or Less Chivalry
Sex-Based Disparities in Felony Dispositions Before Versus After Sentencing Reform in Ohio
Liberation and Female Criminality in England and Wales
The Darker Side of Equality? the Declining Gender Gap in Crime
Backlash
The Measurement and Stability of State Citizen Ideology
Toward a Theory of Backlash
Anti-abortion Policymaking and Women’s Representation
Sexual harassment under social identity threat
Race-Specific Gender Equality and Rape
Youth, Underemployment, and Property Crime
Education, Social Liberalism, and Economic Conservatism
Work as a Turning Point in the Life Course of Criminals
Women Offenders and the Gendered Effects of Public Policy1
The Homecoming of American College Women
Chivalry and Paternalism
State-to-State Differences in Social Inequality and Social Bonds in Relation to Assaults, on Wives in the United States
Sexual Equality and Violence Against Wives in American States
Assessing Trends in Women's Violence via Data Triangulation
The Impact of Gender-Based Family Roles on Criminal Sentencing
Gender Stratification and the Gender Gap in Homicide Victimization
Gendered Arrests or Gendered Sentencing
The Politics of Punishment across Time and Space
Gender Equality and State Environmentalism
Intersectionality of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Age on Criminal Punishment
Panel Models in Sociological Research
Gender and Crime
Rural and Urban Differences in Gender-Sentencing Patterns of Pennsylvania
Race and Imprisonments
A Retrospective Investigation of Gender Inequality and Female Homicide Victimization
Disparate vantage points
| Unique citing works | 6 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,5 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 5 |