Three-year-olds understand appearance and reality—just not about the same object at the same time
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9787851 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Hans Moll (0000-0002-9356-3077, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, corresponding author), Henrike Moll, M Tomasello (0000-0002-1649-088X, Max Planck Society) |
| Year | 2012 |
| Volume | 48 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1124-1132 |
| Publication date | 2012-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Developmental Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0012-1649 • E-ISSN: 1939-0599 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0025915 |
| PMID | 22040314 |
| OpenAlex | W2127804181 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 15 |
| References cited | 14 |
Young children struggle in the classic tests of appearance versus reality. In the current Study 1, 3-year-olds had to determine which of 2 objects (a deceptive or a nondeceptive one) an adult requested when asking for the "real X" versus "the one that looks like X." In Study 2, children of the same age had to indicate what a single deceptive object (e.g., a chocolate-eraser) looked like and what it really was by selecting one of two items that represented this object's appearance (a chocolate bar) or identity (a regular eraser). Children were mainly successful in Study 1 but not in Study 2. The findings are discussed with a focus on young children's difficulty with "confronting" perspectives, which may be involved in their struggles with a number of classic theory of mind tasks
Aesthetics · Cognition · Cognitive development · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Focus (optics · Identity (music · Linguistics · Object (grammar · Object permanence · Child and Animal Learning Development · Face Recognition and Perception · Memory and Neural Mechanisms · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 15 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,15 |
| Citation span | 2013 - 2025 (13) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 15 |