A Global Hypothesis for Women in Journalism and Mass Communications
The Ratio of Recurrent and Reinforced Residuum
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9849258 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ramona R Rush (University of Kentucky in Lexington, corresponding author), Carol Oukrop (Kansas State University, corresponding author), Carol E Oukrop (Kansas State University in Manhattan), Katharine Sarikakis (0000-0002-9247-8129, University of Leeds, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2005 |
| Volume | 67 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 239-253 |
| Publication date | 2005-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Gazette (Leiden Netherlands (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0016-5492 • E-ISSN: 1460-3594 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0016549205052226 |
| OpenAlex | W2022546102 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 8 |
| References cited | 8 |
This article examines the status of women in communications industries and on university faculties. It specifically tests the Ratio of Recurrent and Reinforced Residuum or R 3 hypothesis, as developed by Rush and colleagues in the early 1980s. The R 3 hypothesis predicts that the percentage of women in the communications industries and on university faculties will follow the ratio residing around a 1/4:3/4 or 1/3:2/3 proportion females to males. This article presents data from a nationwide US survey and compares them to data from global surveys and UN reports. The evidence is overwhelming and shows the relevance and validity of the R 3 hypothesis across different socioeconomic and cultural contexts. The article argues that the ratio is the outcome of systemic discrimination that operates at multiple levels. The obstacles to achieving equality in the academy as well as media industries are discussed and suggestions for breaking out of the R 3 ratio are included
Demographic economics · Economics · Journalism · Media studies · Political science · Relevance (law · Socioeconomic status · Sociology · Demography · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Law · Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 8 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,5 |
| Citation span | 2010 - 2022 (13) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 8 |