The University-Builders Observe the Colleges

AMERICAN COLLEGES during the half century after the Civil War - usually small, under strong religious influence, and located away from cities - have been largely neglected by historians of higher education, although used as foils to set off the merits of new universities. This survey of how early university presidents viewed the colleges cannot right the historiographical balance, but it may reveal certain slogans of our academic Whig history in their original setting and thereby provide critical distance. To help bring clarity to a necessarily brief treatment, let me spill the beans at once and say that in my taxonomy I identify several varieties of university reaction to the colleges. They are roughly chronological and can reasonably be called stages. However, I have generally identified one attitude with one university president, who displayed it earlier, held it longer, or expressed it more emphatically than his counterparts. The attitudes I will trace are negative comparison, defensive counterattack, abolitionism, collaboration, rationaliza

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