Communism in India

The Communist Party of India was established in 1925. At its beginning, the communist movement was connected to political movements fighting to end British colonial rule in India. That connection received endorsement from Moscow and Lenin. It also received support from some members of the Indian National Congress who felt unhappy with the retraction of the ‘non-cooperation movement’ in 1922. Increasingly, as Congress began receiving the support of big business, it was seen as a party representing bourgeois interests. If that image helped the communist movement, it became weaker by leaving unresolved the question of whether or not to join hands with the bourgeois groups in the battle against colonialism. In the early 1920s, an Indian delegate to the Communist International, M. N. Roy, was censured by Moscow for saying that the two groups should not join hands. The Communist Party, which followed Moscow, suffered credibility when it abruptly changed its line on anti-colonial struggles, after the USSR entered the Second World War as an ally of the British

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