Douglas E Crews
Biographic Data
| ID | 111339 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Douglas E Crews |
| GIVEN NAMES | Douglas E |
| FAMILY NAME | Crews |
| SIGNATURE | CREWS D E |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ohio State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3321-5898 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 176 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 52 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Allostatic load and frailty do not covary significantly among older residents of Greater Poland
Background Physiological dysregulation/allostatic load and the geriatric syndrome frailty increase with age. As a neurophysiological response system, allostasis supports survival by limiting stressor-related damage. Frailty reflects decreased strength, endurance, and physical abilities secondary to losses of muscle and bone with age. One suggestion, based on large cohort studies of person's ages 70 + years, is that frailty contributes to allostat…
Demography and epidemiology of captive former biomedical research chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) 1
Accurate and up‐to‐date data on longevity and mortality are essential for describing, analyzing, and managing animal populations in captivity. We assembled a comprehensive demography data set and analyzed survival and mortality patterns in a population of captive former biomedical research chimpanzees. The study synthesized over 51,000 life‐years of demographic data collected on 2349 individuals between 1923 and 2014. Our goal was to assess the p…
Individual measures of social support may have limited impact on physiological parameters among elderly Kuwaitis
OBJECTIVES: Social support can buffer physiological stress responses, reducing morbidity and mortality risk, but research has occurred primarily in western populations. We examined whether social support was associated with physiological biomarkers in a non-western sample. METHODS: We predicted evidence of increased physiological dysregulation in those with less social support among elderly Kuwaitis (≥60 years, n = 253). Measures of social suppor…
What is health? Allostasis and the evolution of human design. PeterSterlingCambridge, MA
No data are available
Highs and lows of frailty
Aging, frailty, and design of built environments
Before developing agriculture, herding or metallurgy, humans occupied most of the world. Multiple socioculturally-based responses supported their migration, including building shelters and constructing niches to limit environmental stressors. Sheltered settings provided social support and security during stressful times, along with opportunities for injured, aging, and frail members to survive. Modern built environments are designed for similar p…
Biocultural intersections
Skeletal frailty at Kałdus, a medieval Poland early Piast dynasty cemetery
The objective of this project is to assess skeletal frailty, as estimated using a skeletal frailty index (SFI), at the medieval Polish site of Kałdus to better evaluate the impacts of living and social environments on individuals within this urbanizing population. We assessed biological frailty in adults from the Global History of Health Project database. 11 skeletal and dentoalveolar biomarkers were selected as representative of childhood and a…
Senescence
Climate change, uncertainty and allostatic load
CONTEXT: Humans constantly respond to environmental stressors challenging their somatic stability. Allostasis, an evolved neuroendocrine/physiological stressor response system, is our main pathway for doing so. Effective allostasis returns somatic systems to their current optima; over a lifetime of stressor responses, related systems fail, effectiveness declines, and physiological dysregulation (i.e. allostatic load) increases. Global Climate Cha…
Spousal Influences on Health and Well-Being of Older Kuwaiti Men and Women
The aim of the study was to determine the associations of the self-perceptions of health and social support among Kuwaitis who were 60 years old and older, who either were or were not currently living with a spouse. A sample of 1427 was selected (472 men and 955 women). Social Affairs nurses completed all interviews in the participants’ homes. A single questionnaire was designed; SPSS (version 21) was used for data entry and analysis. Participant…
Resilience and local dietary adaptation in rural Poland, 1000–1400 CE
Allostatic load and biological anthropology
Multiple stressors affect developing and adult organisms, thereby partly structuring their phenotypes. Determining how stressors influence health, well‐being, and longevity in human and nonhuman primate populations are major foci within biological anthropology. Although much effort has been devoted to examining responses to multiple environmental and sociocultural stressors, no holistic metric to measure stress‐related physiological dysfunction h…
Ecosocialwork and transformed consciousness
Social work has a long history of environmentally and ecologically informed practice. In recent years, the profession has begun to comprehend how environmental crises and global warming impact the clients we serve. What many social workers have come to refer to as ecosocialwork has emerged as a vital new area of social work practice. This article will review the evolution of ecosocialwork. It will suggest that one of the core priorities of ecosoc…
Assessing Stress in Zoo-Housed Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Using Allostatic Load
In sickness and in death
Stress plays an important role in the etiology of multiple morbid and mortal outcomes among the living. Drawing on health paradigms constructed among the living augments our evolving knowledge of relationships between stress and health. Therefore, elucidating relationships between stress and both chronic and acute skeletal lesions may help clarify our understanding of long‐term health trends in the past. In this study, we propose an index of “ske…
Allostatic load differs by sex and diet, but not age in older Japanese from the Goto Islands
Among older Japanese residing outside a major urban area, AL varies significantly by sex, but not age, while being associated with dietary choices. Although lack of association with life ways was not expected, AL apparently assesses physiological dysregulation cross-culturally
Exploring the Role of Being Out on a Queer Person's Self-Compassion
Recent changes in societal attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities have resulted in more people openly identifying with sexual minority status. Due to research on the effects of denying one's sexual orientation and the negative effects of this, many have advocated for more openness in queer sexual orientation. Compassion means connecting to the suffering of others not by avoiding their pain but instead by identifying it so that the…
Social Support and Health Among Elderly Kuwaitis
The aim of this study was to examine differences in several aspects of health between Kuwaiti men and women aged 60 years and over across three age categories (60–69, 70–79, 80+ years). The relationships between several social support variables, somatic symptoms and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were examined. A total of 1427 adult men (472) and women (955) aged 60 years and over representing all six governorates were selected. Data were…
Aging, Senescence, and Human Variation
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definitions Demographic Models and Aging Theories of Senescence Mechanisms of Senescence Human Aging, Senescence, and Disease Chronic Degenerative Conditions Human Longevity Chapter Summary References Cited Recommended Readings
A pilot study of allostatic load among elderly Japanese living on Hizen-Oshima Island
BACKGROUND: Between July and September 2005, a preliminary sampling of the elderly population of Hizen-Oshima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan was conducted by the local hospital's nursing staff. RESULTS: Reported here are preliminary results from this sample of 27 individuals with an average age of 71 years. Their ages ranged from 51 to 82 years, with a standard deviation (sd) of 7.4 years. In total, 33 aspects of physical and physiological va…
The Effect of Consanguinity on Congenital Disabilities in the Kuwaiti Population
Consanguinity has been shown to increase homozygosity and to reduce genetic variation in a group, which may protect against the expression of recessive genes that can lead to genetic disorders. Consanguineous marriages are practised widely in Kuwait. The major aim of this study is to delineate the association of consanguineous marriages with congenital disabilities in different Kuwaiti population subcultures. A total of 9104 married Kuwaiti femal…
Brief communication
The origins of sickle‐cell disease (SCD) are well understood, as are its evolutionary pressures on humans and pathological presentation. However, because it has not been possible to identify SCD in archaeological contexts, its biocultural effects on past populations are unknown. Previous research investigating oxygen isotope fractionation during respiration among anemics suggests that oxygen isotopes in bone apatite may provide a biological marke…
Preliminary evidence for medieval Polish diet from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes
Senescence, Aging, and Disease
All over the world people are surviving into their seventh and later decades of life more frequently today than ever before in human history. Some remain in good health, while others show chronic degenerative conditions (CDCs), frailty, and relatively rapid mortality. Thereafter, multiple factors promoting health and well-being become ever more complex as we age. After attainment of reproductive maturation, many physiological decrements occurring…
Preliminary evidence for medieval Polish diet from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes
In sickness and in death
Stress plays an important role in the etiology of multiple morbid and mortal outcomes among the living. Drawing on health paradigms constructed among the living augments our evolving knowledge of relationships between stress and health. Therefore, elucidating relationships between stress and both chronic and acute skeletal lesions may help clarify our understanding of long‐term health trends in the past. In this study, we propose an index of “ske…
Mortality related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in a modernizing population
Allostatic load and biological anthropology
Multiple stressors affect developing and adult organisms, thereby partly structuring their phenotypes. Determining how stressors influence health, well‐being, and longevity in human and nonhuman primate populations are major foci within biological anthropology. Although much effort has been devoted to examining responses to multiple environmental and sociocultural stressors, no holistic metric to measure stress‐related physiological dysfunction h…
Biological Anthropology and Human Aging
systems that allow individuals to maintain homeostasis across a wide range of environments and stressors during developmental and reproductive years. Data indicated that human variation increased with age and that patterns of aging and adult survival were highly individualistic and population-envir onment specific. Today, biological anthropologists still focus on the description of cross-cul tural and populational variation, but they also examine…
Brief communication
The origins of sickle‐cell disease (SCD) are well understood, as are its evolutionary pressures on humans and pathological presentation. However, because it has not been possible to identify SCD in archaeological contexts, its biocultural effects on past populations are unknown. Previous research investigating oxygen isotope fractionation during respiration among anemics suggests that oxygen isotopes in bone apatite may provide a biological marke…
Composite estimates of physiological stress, age, and diabetes in American Samoans
Composite estimates of physiological stress such as allostatic load (AL) were developed to help assess cumulative impacts of psychosocial and physical stressors on the body. Physiological responses to stress generally accelerate somatic wear‐and‐tear and chronic degenerative conditions (CDCs). Following McEwen (Neuropsychopharmacology 22 ( 1999 ) 108–124) and others, primary physiological mediators of somatic stress responses include glucocortico…
Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. XVII
Variation in human apolipoprotein genes is a major source of phenotypic differences in human lipid metabolism. Data regarding genetic variation at apolipoprotein loci in various populations are only beginning to accumulate, and they suggest that different populations vary widely in distribution of apolipoprotein alleles. Using isoelectric focusing‐immunoblotting techniques, we screened 67 serum samples from self‐identified Samoan residents of Ame…
Aging, Disability, and Frailty
Throughout the world all populations are seeing burgeoning numbers of "elders", defined as persons aged 65 year and older. In many countries, including Japan, the United States, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom, those aged over 65 are at or approaching 15% of the population. As their numbers have increased, so have their health care expenses, leading to extensive research on the health, well being, and life expectancy of these increasingly o…
Aging, frailty, and design of built environments
Before developing agriculture, herding or metallurgy, humans occupied most of the world. Multiple socioculturally-based responses supported their migration, including building shelters and constructing niches to limit environmental stressors. Sheltered settings provided social support and security during stressful times, along with opportunities for injured, aging, and frail members to survive. Modern built environments are designed for similar p…
Highs and lows of frailty
Exploring the Role of Being Out on a Queer Person's Self-Compassion
Recent changes in societal attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities have resulted in more people openly identifying with sexual minority status. Due to research on the effects of denying one's sexual orientation and the negative effects of this, many have advocated for more openness in queer sexual orientation. Compassion means connecting to the suffering of others not by avoiding their pain but instead by identifying it so that the…
A pilot study of allostatic load among elderly Japanese living on Hizen-Oshima Island
BACKGROUND: Between July and September 2005, a preliminary sampling of the elderly population of Hizen-Oshima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan was conducted by the local hospital's nursing staff. RESULTS: Reported here are preliminary results from this sample of 27 individuals with an average age of 71 years. Their ages ranged from 51 to 82 years, with a standard deviation (sd) of 7.4 years. In total, 33 aspects of physical and physiological va…
Assessing Stress in Zoo-Housed Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Using Allostatic Load
Ecology of Children’s Growth
The intense environmental and social changes taking place in Amazonia make this a key area for health studies of populations transitioning to a cosmopolitan lifestyle and market economy. Caboclos are among those populations. They comprise the majority of rural Brazilian Amazon peoples. At present there is limited information about their patterns of growth and health. In this paper, anthropometric data on Caboclo children from three groups living …
Allostatic load and frailty do not covary significantly among older residents of Greater Poland
Background Physiological dysregulation/allostatic load and the geriatric syndrome frailty increase with age. As a neurophysiological response system, allostasis supports survival by limiting stressor-related damage. Frailty reflects decreased strength, endurance, and physical abilities secondary to losses of muscle and bone with age. One suggestion, based on large cohort studies of person's ages 70 + years, is that frailty contributes to allostat…
Biocultural intersections
Population genetics of apolipoproteins A‐IV, E, and H, and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
Distributions of alleles at three apolipoprotein loci (APO E, APO H, and APO A‐IV) and an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) locus among 274 American Samoans are described here. Genotypes at each locus are examined for associations with quantitative lipid (total cholesterol (total‐c), LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐c), HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐c), and triglycerides) and apolipoprotein (APO AI, APO AII, APO E, and A…
Seasonality and human adaptation
Harrison, G. A., ed. Human Adaptation. Biosocial Society Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. xi + 155 pp. including notes, chapter references, and index. $45.00 cloth. Ulijaszek, S. J. and S. S. Strickland, eds. Seasonality and Human Ecology. Society for the Study of Human Biology, Symposium 35. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. xii + 250 pp. including chapter references and index. $64.95 hardcover
Multiple causes of death and the epidemiological transition in American Samoa
Multiple‐cause mortality data were used to examine changing patterns of mortality between 1950 and 1979 in American Samoa. This period coincided with a transition from infectious to chronic diseases as the primary causes of death. The available data indicate that as mortality rates from infections declined, the first chronic disease to increase in frequency was cancer. The absence of a lag period suggests that increased cancer mortality may be a …
Mortality related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in a modernizing population
Cornell medical index responses and mortality in a Polynesian population
Multiple causes of death and the epidemiological transition in American Samoa
Multiple‐cause mortality data were used to examine changing patterns of mortality between 1950 and 1979 in American Samoa. This period coincided with a transition from infectious to chronic diseases as the primary causes of death. The available data indicate that as mortality rates from infections declined, the first chronic disease to increase in frequency was cancer. The absence of a lag period suggests that increased cancer mortality may be a …
Cause‐specific mortality, life expectancy, and debilitation in aging polynesians
Between 1950 and 1980 life expectancy among middle‐aged American Samoan men increased 22%; among women it increased 36%. The largest proportional increase were observed after age 65% Men 29%, women 118%. This study examined whether increasing longevity health of older Samoans. Cause‐specific mortality data were used to calculate multiple decrement life tables for American Samoa by decades for both sexes from 1950 to 1979. Changes in two life tabl…
Evolutionary, biosocial, and cross‐cultural perspectives on the variability in human biological aging
Because of our traditional emphasis on evolutionary processes and the causes of variability, human biologists have contributed to the understanding of variability in human biological aging. The shared interests of human characterized by increased phenotypic variation in later stages of life and by reduced adaptive capacity. The papers in this issue illustrate the unique blend of evolutionary, biosocial, and cross-cultural perspectives used by hum…
Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. XVII
Variation in human apolipoprotein genes is a major source of phenotypic differences in human lipid metabolism. Data regarding genetic variation at apolipoprotein loci in various populations are only beginning to accumulate, and they suggest that different populations vary widely in distribution of apolipoprotein alleles. Using isoelectric focusing‐immunoblotting techniques, we screened 67 serum samples from self‐identified Samoan residents of Ame…
Historical demographic and epidemiological studies of aging in American Samoans
American Samoan mortality records, from 1920 through 1988, and epidemiological survey data from 1976 are used to examine demographic definitions of the elderly in different time periods and to examine the association of body habitus and blood pressure with mortality among middle‐aged and older Samoans. In the 1920s, the average Samoan lived 24 years, but over 50% of deaths occurred prior to age 15. In the 1980s the average Samoan lived about 54 y…
Apolipoprotein polymorphisms and phenotypic variability in American Samoans
Human apolipoprotein genetic variation is associated with phenotypic variability in body habitus and in lipid and glucose metabolism, interrelated aspects of human physiology. In this study, structural variation at the apolipoprotein E and H loci, documented for 67 residents of American Samoa, was investigated for associations with body habitus, plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, pulse rate, and blood pressure. Compared to men with the common A…
Changes in some health status characteristics of American Samoan men
One of the concomitants of the rapid socioeconomic and medical changes which occurred in American Samoa beginning with World War II has been an increase in chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease and diabetes. As part of the Samoan Studies Project, a 1976 survey focusing on obesity and blood pressure was conducted in American Samoa. A total of 624 men age 18 or greater were seen at that time. In 1989 we conducted a follow‐up examinati…
Biological aging
Biological Anthropology and Human Aging
systems that allow individuals to maintain homeostasis across a wide range of environments and stressors during developmental and reproductive years. Data indicated that human variation increased with age and that patterns of aging and adult survival were highly individualistic and population-envir onment specific. Today, biological anthropologists still focus on the description of cross-cul tural and populational variation, but they also examine…
Biological anthropology and aging
Subsistence patterns and blood pressure variation in two rural Caboclo communities of Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil
Blood pressure (BP) increases with age in westernized societies, is higher in men, and is correlated with the body mass index (BMI). Traditional societies present more variable patterns of BP. In 1991, BP and anthropometric data from two "Caboclo" (rural populations of mixed ancestry) groups from Marajó Island, Brazil, were collected: The Paricatuba group, (N = 20;12 women), with a subsistence base of fishing, collection of palm fruits, and tradi…
Social context and psychosocial influences on blood pressure among American Samoans
This study explores social and explores social and economic influences on health within a model formulated to address explicitly both individual and household level phenomena. Dressler's lifestyle incongruity model is used as a basis from which to predict the effects of intracultural contexts of variability on blood pressure. The sample for this survey consists of 134 Samoan men and women living in American Samoa. Based on previous experience and…
Renin, ANP, ACE polymorphisms, blood pressure and age in American Samoans
Molecular studies have identified numerous candidate genes that may influence interindividual variation in physiologically important endpoints. Among these are molecular variants of three proteins associated with blood pressure regulation, renin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These loci are polymorphic in all populations examined. The purpose of this study was to determine gene and genotype frequencies…
Renin, ANP, ACE polymorphisms, blood pressure and age in American Samoans
Molecular studies have identified numerous candidate genes that may influence interindividual variation in physiologically important endpoints. Among these are molecular variants of three proteins associated with blood pressure regulation, renin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These loci are polymorphic in all populations examined. The purpose of this study was to determine gene and genotype frequencies…
Human biology and aging
Perspectives in human biology (volume 1)
Seasonality and human adaptation
Harrison, G. A., ed. Human Adaptation. Biosocial Society Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. xi + 155 pp. including notes, chapter references, and index. $45.00 cloth. Ulijaszek, S. J. and S. S. Strickland, eds. Seasonality and Human Ecology. Society for the Study of Human Biology, Symposium 35. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. xii + 250 pp. including chapter references and index. $64.95 hardcover
Biology of aging
A Means to an End
Length of marriage and its effect on spousal concordance in kuwait
It was hypothesized that marriage duration affects physical and cultural homogamy and spousal concordance in Kuwaiti marriages. Westernization increased spousal correlations due to fewer arranged marriages and increased individual spousal choice. Spousal similarities for selected physical and cultural traits were also examined for couples married 15 years or less, 16 to 30 years, and 31 years and more. Consanguineous couples belong to the al‐Kand…
Population genetics of apolipoproteins A‐IV, E, and H, and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
Distributions of alleles at three apolipoprotein loci (APO E, APO H, and APO A‐IV) and an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) locus among 274 American Samoans are described here. Genotypes at each locus are examined for associations with quantitative lipid (total cholesterol (total‐c), LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐c), HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐c), and triglycerides) and apolipoprotein (APO AI, APO AII, APO E, and A…
Blood pressure, seasonal body fat, heart rate, and ecological differences in Caboclo populations of the Brazilian Amazon
This study compares blood pressure (BP) and related cardiovascular risk factors among three Caboclo communities from the Brazilian Amazon. Its purpose is to investigate possible risk differentials related to variable ecological settings and Western influences. Caxiuanã is characterized as a more “traditional” group, while Aracampina and Santana are viewed as more “transitional” in lifestyle. A total of 348 subjects from the three communities were…
Parental Investment, Late Reproduction, and Increased Reserve Capacity Are Associated with Longevity in Humans
Throughout the living world trade-offs between reproductive success and longevity have been observed. In general, two extremes of life history patterning are reported, r- and K-selected species. The latter tend toward larger body sizes, few offspring from any one pregnancy, few offspring over the female reproductive span, longer life spans, and greater parental investment (PI: all efforts and expenses associated with the production, gestation, po…
Medicine (40 works) · Demography (26 works) · Gerontology (26 works) · Biology (22 works) · Population (18 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Internal Medicine (13 works) · Blood pressure (12 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (11 works)