C Kim
Biographic Data
| ID | 14676 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C Kim |
| GIVEN NAMES | C |
| FAMILY NAME | Kim |
| SIGNATURE | KIM C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kansas |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7149-1386 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 227 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Geography, Coethnic Concentration, and Earnings Disadvantage of Asian American Men
Asian Americans are considered a model minority due to their high socioeconomic attainments. On average, they earn more than native-born Whites, but their tendency to live in relatively high-cost areas raises the question of how geographic distribution relates to Asian American earnings advantages. Given that less-educated Asian Americans lack market negotiating power, are vulnerable to local coethnic competition and exploitation, and thus do not…
Meritocracy with Multiple Rules
Gwageo in Joseon Korea (1392–1897) was a civil service examination system rooted in meritocratic principles, selecting government officials based on Confucian scholarship. From its inception in 1393 to its abolition in 1894, a regular gwageo examination was mostly held every three years, while special examinations were held irregularly. The frequency of special examinations increased over time, and their total number eventually reached nearly thr…
Nursing as ethnic capital
Political Budget Cycles in Public Education
Do electoral incentives shape public education spending? Although educational budgets are often portrayed as policy-driven, this study alternatively considers whether they reflect political incentives. Drawing on political budget cycle (PBC) theory and leveraging the distinctive history of educational politics and reform in the U.S., we hypothesize that local education spending follows election cycles. Focusing on California, we provide evidence …
Double disadvantage of Black, Hispanic, and Asian American women in earnings, revisited
Culture and Immigrant Selectivity in Shaping Asian American Education
Asian Americans, even those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, achieve extraordinary educational outcomes, defying the expectations of the well-established status attainment theory that family background is strongly associated with educational attainments. This phenomenon is known as the Asian American Achievement Paradox (AAAP). Positive selectivity of Asian immigrants and cultural accounts are two competing explanations, but they are rarely …
The Rise in Occupational Coding Mismatches and Occupational Mobility, 1991-2020
Occupation is a construct prone to classification mismatches by coders and description inconsistency by respondents. We explore whether mismatches in occupational coding have recently increased, what factors are associated with the rise in mismatches, and how the rise affects estimates of intragenerational occupational mobility. Utilizing the 1991-2020 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey, which collects informat…
Amid union decline
Over the last several decades, overwork has increased across most demographic groups in America. Concurrently, the power of organized labor, which has historically contributed to shaping societal perceptions of the standard workweek and work hours, has declined. Nevertheless, the possibility that these two phenomena are related is rarely explored. This study examines the association between union decline and the likelihood of overwork by analyzin…
The gender gap in earnings growth at the early stage of work careers in Korea
Previous research analyzing Western societies reported no gender gap in earnings growth after accounting for initial job allocation, attributing the widening gender gap in mid-career to the impact of family formation. This pattern is often referred to as the “last chapter” of gender inequality, but there is no consensus that this phenomenon is universal or place-specific. The applicability of these findings to non-Western contexts remains unclear…
Persistent Educational Advantages of Asian Immigrants’ Children, 1940 to 2015–2019
The educational achievements of Asian American children, especially those from lower backgrounds, are substantially higher than other ethnoracial groups. Hyper-selectivity theory finds the origin of such an advantage in the double selectivity of Asian immigrants after the passage of the 1965 Immigration Act and the formation of cross-class community resources. Utilizing the 1940 linked full-count Census, 1940–2000 decennial censuses, and the 2008…
How Do Children Self-Locate Themselves in the Social Hierarchy? Educationally Homogamous Parents, Working Mothers, and Children's Subjective Social Status
Children have been assumed to share their father's subjective social status (SSS) because fathers tend to occupy the highest socioeconomic status in a family. The progress of women in education and their increased contribution to the family economy cast doubt on this assumption, but limited data availability has hindered research on children's SSS. Utilizing the 2005-2021 Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, this study examines whether children's …
A nationwide pharmacovigilance investigation on trends and seriousness of adverse events induced by anti-obesity medication
Introduction: Despite rising concerns regarding the safety of anti-obesity medications, there is a lack of comprehensive pharmacovigilance investigations utilising real-world data. We aimed to characterise the prevalence and seriousness of adverse drug events (ADEs) related to anti-obesity medications and to identify predictors associated with increased risk of serious adverse events (SAE), thereby conveying evidence on drug safety. Methods: We c…
Aging and the rise in bottom income inequality in Korea
Korea is one of the world’s fastest-aging societies, with poverty and low income prevalent among the elderly population. Unlike other advanced economies, where top income inequality has driven the rise in income inequality, fluctuations in income inequality in Korea in recent decades have been dominated by changes in the bottom half of the income distribution. Using data from the 1998–2016 Household Income and Expenditure Survey and the 2012–2019…
Network Ties, Upward Status Heterophily, and Unanticipated Health Consequences
Using cross-national data containing information on the status rank of network alters, this study investigates the potential negative effects of 'upward status heterophily,' ties to and perceived interaction with higher status others. According to our main finding, upward status heterophily is associated with poor physical health and lower subjective well-being. We also find that this focal relationship varies across individual and contextual mod…
Is hyper-selectivity a root of Asian American children's success
Asian immigrants' children, even those from lower-backgrounds, tend to acquire higher levels of education than other ethnoracial groups, including White natives. Asian culture is often cited as a conventional explanation. The hyper-selectivity hypothesis challenges conventional wisdom by arguing that Asian American culture is an outcome of the community resources associated with hyper-selectivity. In this study, we assess the validity of the hype…
Electronically-based governance system for public services
The Electronically-Based Governance System (Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik/SPBE) deals with public services for the internal regional government and the public. This research aims to identify public services and their implementation, analyse the success and constraints in implementing public services, and elaborate recommendations. Secondary data were obtained through the local government website. Primary data were obtained through quest…
Tied Staying on the Rise? Declining Migration among Co-Breadwinner Couples in the United States, 1990s to 2010s
This study examines a possible connection between shifting gender and family norms and declining internal migration. Using data from the 1989–1998 and 2009–2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplements of the Current Population Survey, we examine whether co-breadwinner married couples have become less likely to migrate within the US relative to couples with a sole or primary breadwinner. We find a general U-shaped association between wives’ share o…
Covid-19 and the decline in Asian American employment
Supplemental Material for Evaluations of Empathizers Depend on the Target of Empathy
Broken promise of college? New educational sorting mechanisms for intergenerational association in the 21st century
Do you know what you do for a living? Occupational coding mismatches between coders in the Korean General Social Survey
The Sources of Life Chances
In sociological studies of economic stratification and intergenerational mobility, occupation has long been presumed to reflect lifetime earnings better than do short-term earnings. However, few studies have actually tested this critical assumption. In this study, we investigate the cross-sectional determinants of 20-year accumulated earnings using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal…
Long-Term Earnings Differentials Between African American and White Men by Educational Level
Education and Contributory Pensions at Work
There is long-standing concern about the mechanisms that lead to differential accumulation of retirement resources. As defined contribution (DC) plans have become the most common employer pension for US workers over recent decades, economic resources later in life increasingly depend on participating in voluntary, contributory pension instruments during working life. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to W-2 tax records c…
New Color Lines
Using the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, this study examined four perspectives on new color lines in America—white–nonwhite, black–nonblack, tri-racial, and blurred—among college-educated white, black, Hispanic, and Asian men. Findings show that the color lines have not been consistently drawn but vary by nativity and migration status. Among the native born, the color line for earnings cuts mainly across white and nonwhite when field …
Field of Study in College and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Our understanding about the relationship between education and lifetime earnings often neglects differences by field of study. Utilizing data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal earnings records based on administrative tax information, we investigate the trajectories of annual earnings following the same individuals over 20 years and then estimate the long-term effects of field of study o…
Is Rising Earnings Inequality Associated with Increased Exploitation? Evidence for U.S. Manufacturing Industries, 1971–1996
Is the trend towards rising earnings inequality associated with increased exploitation? The authors investigate exploitation among workers using data for manufacturing industries. Defined as the underpayment of earnings relative to productivity as evaluated in the market, exploitation is measured for various groups of employees. The results indicate significant levels of exploitation among women, Hispanics, African Americans, and blue-collar work…
Does an Immigrant Background Ameliorate Racial Disadvantage? The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation African Americans
Although there is a growing literature on the socioeconomic circumstances of the second generation, this issue has not been systematically considered for African Americans. To help fill this research gap, we investigate the extent to which the socioeconomic attainments of second-generation African Americans differ from mainstream (i.e., third and higher generation) African Americans. Using data from the Current Population Survey and the 2000 Cens…
Covid-19 and the decline in Asian American employment
The Sources of Life Chances
In sociological studies of economic stratification and intergenerational mobility, occupation has long been presumed to reflect lifetime earnings better than do short-term earnings. However, few studies have actually tested this critical assumption. In this study, we investigate the cross-sectional determinants of 20-year accumulated earnings using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal…
Broken promise of college? New educational sorting mechanisms for intergenerational association in the 21st century
Long-Term Earnings Differentials Between African American and White Men by Educational Level
Detailed Wage Decompositions
Yun (2005) suggested an averaging method to resolve the identification problem in detailed decompositions. Since then, detailed decomposition techniques have been widely discussed. This paper shows that the averaging method may not answer the identification problem. The method is built on unrealistic distributional constraints on a set of dummy variables and is sensitive to both the number of groups and the method of grouping. As an alternative, …
Bringing Productivity Back In
Using data on earnings and productivity for U.S. manufacturing industries from 1971 to 2001, we investigate economic rents and rising income inequalities. The results suggest that rents are most significant for managers, professionals, middle-aged workers, and older workers. Conversely, negative rents are evident for women, Hispanics, single men, and blue-collar workers. The underpayment of Hispanics appears to have increased while African Americ…
The Effects of Acculturation on Intimate Partner Violence Among Chinese Immigrants in New York City
The Earnings of Less Educated Asian American Men
Journal Article The Earnings of Less Educated Asian American Men: Educational Selectivity and the Model Minority Image Get access ChangHwan Kim, ChangHwan Kim Direct correspondence to: ChangHwan Kim, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur Sakamoto Arthur Sakamoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Schol…
Is hyper-selectivity a root of Asian American children's success
Asian immigrants' children, even those from lower-backgrounds, tend to acquire higher levels of education than other ethnoracial groups, including White natives. Asian culture is often cited as a conventional explanation. The hyper-selectivity hypothesis challenges conventional wisdom by arguing that Asian American culture is an outcome of the community resources associated with hyper-selectivity. In this study, we assess the validity of the hype…
Are proxy interviews associated with biased earnings reports? Marital status and gender effects of proxy
Declining inter-industry wage dispersion in the US
Aging and the rise in bottom income inequality in Korea
Korea is one of the world’s fastest-aging societies, with poverty and low income prevalent among the elderly population. Unlike other advanced economies, where top income inequality has driven the rise in income inequality, fluctuations in income inequality in Korea in recent decades have been dominated by changes in the bottom half of the income distribution. Using data from the 1998–2016 Household Income and Expenditure Survey and the 2012–2019…
An Empirical Test of Alternative Theories of Educational Inequality
A classic issue in education centers on the nature of the relationship between schooling and labor market outcomes. Three general theories of this relationship are the human capital view, the market signal view, and the credentialist view. All three approaches predict a positive association between education and wages, but they differ in regard to its underlying causes. We argue that these theories may be fundamentally differentiated in terms of …
The relationship of cigarette prices and no-smoking bylaws to the prevalence of smoking in Canada
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the association of cigarette prices and no-smoking bylaws with the prevalence of smoking. METHODS: Data on individual smoking status were taken from two national household surveys in Canada. Current cigarette price, the 1-year and 10-year increase in price, and the extent of local restrictions on public smoking were added to the model. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of being a sm…
Network Ties, Upward Status Heterophily, and Unanticipated Health Consequences
Using cross-national data containing information on the status rank of network alters, this study investigates the potential negative effects of 'upward status heterophily,' ties to and perceived interaction with higher status others. According to our main finding, upward status heterophily is associated with poor physical health and lower subjective well-being. We also find that this focal relationship varies across individual and contextual mod…
Do you know what you do for a living? Occupational coding mismatches between coders in the Korean General Social Survey
Immigration and the Wages of Native Workers
Using data from the Current Population Survey, we study the impact of the increasing proportion of immigrants on the wages of native workers. Two different approaches are contrasted. The most common method has been the spatial approach that uses some geographic unit of analysis to investigate the multivariate association between the proportion of immigrants and the wages of native workers. Previous studies using the spatial approach have generall…
Double disadvantage of Black, Hispanic, and Asian American women in earnings, revisited
Culture and Immigrant Selectivity in Shaping Asian American Education
Asian Americans, even those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, achieve extraordinary educational outcomes, defying the expectations of the well-established status attainment theory that family background is strongly associated with educational attainments. This phenomenon is known as the Asian American Achievement Paradox (AAAP). Positive selectivity of Asian immigrants and cultural accounts are two competing explanations, but they are rarely …
The Rise in Occupational Coding Mismatches and Occupational Mobility, 1991-2020
Occupation is a construct prone to classification mismatches by coders and description inconsistency by respondents. We explore whether mismatches in occupational coding have recently increased, what factors are associated with the rise in mismatches, and how the rise affects estimates of intragenerational occupational mobility. Utilizing the 1991-2020 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey, which collects informat…
Persistent Educational Advantages of Asian Immigrants’ Children, 1940 to 2015–2019
The educational achievements of Asian American children, especially those from lower backgrounds, are substantially higher than other ethnoracial groups. Hyper-selectivity theory finds the origin of such an advantage in the double selectivity of Asian immigrants after the passage of the 1965 Immigration Act and the formation of cross-class community resources. Utilizing the 1940 linked full-count Census, 1940–2000 decennial censuses, and the 2008…
How Do Children Self-Locate Themselves in the Social Hierarchy? Educationally Homogamous Parents, Working Mothers, and Children's Subjective Social Status
Children have been assumed to share their father's subjective social status (SSS) because fathers tend to occupy the highest socioeconomic status in a family. The progress of women in education and their increased contribution to the family economy cast doubt on this assumption, but limited data availability has hindered research on children's SSS. Utilizing the 2005-2021 Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, this study examines whether children's …
Factors Influencing Frequency and Appropriateness of Utilization of the Emergency Room by the Elderly
The authors analyzed predictors of the frequency and appropriateness of utilization of an emergency room by a random sample of 75 noninstitutionalized persons aged 65 years and older in a large city in Canada, using the Andersen and Newman model of medical care utilization as a framework. The total amount of variance explained in the frequency of utilization (47%) exceeded that explained by other studies of utilization of various health services …
The relationship of cigarette prices and no-smoking bylaws to the prevalence of smoking in Canada
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the association of cigarette prices and no-smoking bylaws with the prevalence of smoking. METHODS: Data on individual smoking status were taken from two national household surveys in Canada. Current cigarette price, the 1-year and 10-year increase in price, and the extent of local restrictions on public smoking were added to the model. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of being a sm…
Declining inter-industry wage dispersion in the US
Marital Patterns and Use of Mother Tongue at Home among Native-Born Asian Americans
This article examines marital patterns and use of mother tongue at home among native-born Asian Americans using the 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Public Use Microdata Sample. There are variations in mother-tongue use across Asian ethnic groups, but variations among different types of marriage are even greater. Those who marry within their ethnicity (in-married) have a greater likelihood of mother-tongue use at home than those who int…
Does an Immigrant Background Ameliorate Racial Disadvantage? The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation African Americans
Although there is a growing literature on the socioeconomic circumstances of the second generation, this issue has not been systematically considered for African Americans. To help fill this research gap, we investigate the extent to which the socioeconomic attainments of second-generation African Americans differ from mainstream (i.e., third and higher generation) African Americans. Using data from the Current Population Survey and the 2000 Cens…
Is Rising Earnings Inequality Associated with Increased Exploitation? Evidence for U.S. Manufacturing Industries, 1971–1996
Is the trend towards rising earnings inequality associated with increased exploitation? The authors investigate exploitation among workers using data for manufacturing industries. Defined as the underpayment of earnings relative to productivity as evaluated in the market, exploitation is measured for various groups of employees. The results indicate significant levels of exploitation among women, Hispanics, African Americans, and blue-collar work…
An Empirical Test of Alternative Theories of Educational Inequality
A classic issue in education centers on the nature of the relationship between schooling and labor market outcomes. Three general theories of this relationship are the human capital view, the market signal view, and the credentialist view. All three approaches predict a positive association between education and wages, but they differ in regard to its underlying causes. We argue that these theories may be fundamentally differentiated in terms of …
Immigration and the Wages of Native Workers
Using data from the Current Population Survey, we study the impact of the increasing proportion of immigrants on the wages of native workers. Two different approaches are contrasted. The most common method has been the spatial approach that uses some geographic unit of analysis to investigate the multivariate association between the proportion of immigrants and the wages of native workers. Previous studies using the spatial approach have generall…
Detailed Wage Decompositions
Yun (2005) suggested an averaging method to resolve the identification problem in detailed decompositions. Since then, detailed decomposition techniques have been widely discussed. This paper shows that the averaging method may not answer the identification problem. The method is built on unrealistic distributional constraints on a set of dummy variables and is sensitive to both the number of groups and the method of grouping. As an alternative, …
Are proxy interviews associated with biased earnings reports? Marital status and gender effects of proxy
Bringing Productivity Back In
Using data on earnings and productivity for U.S. manufacturing industries from 1971 to 2001, we investigate economic rents and rising income inequalities. The results suggest that rents are most significant for managers, professionals, middle-aged workers, and older workers. Conversely, negative rents are evident for women, Hispanics, single men, and blue-collar workers. The underpayment of Hispanics appears to have increased while African Americ…
The Earnings of Less Educated Asian American Men
Journal Article The Earnings of Less Educated Asian American Men: Educational Selectivity and the Model Minority Image Get access ChangHwan Kim, ChangHwan Kim Direct correspondence to: ChangHwan Kim, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur Sakamoto Arthur Sakamoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Schol…
New Color Lines
Using the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, this study examined four perspectives on new color lines in America—white–nonwhite, black–nonblack, tri-racial, and blurred—among college-educated white, black, Hispanic, and Asian men. Findings show that the color lines have not been consistently drawn but vary by nativity and migration status. Among the native born, the color line for earnings cuts mainly across white and nonwhite when field …
The Effects of Acculturation on Intimate Partner Violence Among Chinese Immigrants in New York City
Field of Study in College and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Our understanding about the relationship between education and lifetime earnings often neglects differences by field of study. Utilizing data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal earnings records based on administrative tax information, we investigate the trajectories of annual earnings following the same individuals over 20 years and then estimate the long-term effects of field of study o…
Education and Contributory Pensions at Work
There is long-standing concern about the mechanisms that lead to differential accumulation of retirement resources. As defined contribution (DC) plans have become the most common employer pension for US workers over recent decades, economic resources later in life increasingly depend on participating in voluntary, contributory pension instruments during working life. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to W-2 tax records c…
The Sources of Life Chances
In sociological studies of economic stratification and intergenerational mobility, occupation has long been presumed to reflect lifetime earnings better than do short-term earnings. However, few studies have actually tested this critical assumption. In this study, we investigate the cross-sectional determinants of 20-year accumulated earnings using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal…
Long-Term Earnings Differentials Between African American and White Men by Educational Level
Do you know what you do for a living? Occupational coding mismatches between coders in the Korean General Social Survey
Covid-19 and the decline in Asian American employment
Supplemental Material for Evaluations of Empathizers Depend on the Target of Empathy
Broken promise of college? New educational sorting mechanisms for intergenerational association in the 21st century
Tied Staying on the Rise? Declining Migration among Co-Breadwinner Couples in the United States, 1990s to 2010s
This study examines a possible connection between shifting gender and family norms and declining internal migration. Using data from the 1989–1998 and 2009–2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplements of the Current Population Survey, we examine whether co-breadwinner married couples have become less likely to migrate within the US relative to couples with a sole or primary breadwinner. We find a general U-shaped association between wives’ share o…
Electronically-based governance system for public services
The Electronically-Based Governance System (Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik/SPBE) deals with public services for the internal regional government and the public. This research aims to identify public services and their implementation, analyse the success and constraints in implementing public services, and elaborate recommendations. Secondary data were obtained through the local government website. Primary data were obtained through quest…
A nationwide pharmacovigilance investigation on trends and seriousness of adverse events induced by anti-obesity medication
Introduction: Despite rising concerns regarding the safety of anti-obesity medications, there is a lack of comprehensive pharmacovigilance investigations utilising real-world data. We aimed to characterise the prevalence and seriousness of adverse drug events (ADEs) related to anti-obesity medications and to identify predictors associated with increased risk of serious adverse events (SAE), thereby conveying evidence on drug safety. Methods: We c…
Economics (25 works) · Demographic economics (24 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Demography (17 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Political science (13 works) · Population (13 works) · Earnings (12 works) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (11 works) · Demography (10 works)