Michael A Stoto
Biographic Data
| ID | 1592031 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael A Stoto |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael A |
| FAMILY NAME | Stoto |
| SIGNATURE | STOTO M A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Georgetown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8293-471X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 59 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Improving health sector coordination for resilient healthcare systems
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of integrating the concepts of Public Health Emergency Preparedness and health system resilience, emphasizing the role of coordination across sectors, which is essential for ensuring that systems can respond effectively to public health threats and manage resources efficiently. This paper aims to summarize the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic among European Union Member Stat…
The European experience with testing and surveillance during the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to learn the challenges encountered by public health emergency preparedness systems, both in terms of problems encountered and adaptations during and after the first wave, as well as successful responses to them. RESULTS: This work draws on published literature, interviews with countries and institutional documents as part of a European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control project t…
Does it matter that standard preparedness indices did not predict Covid-19 outcomes
A number of scientific publications and commentaries have suggested that standard preparedness indices such as the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) and Joint External Evaluation (JEE) scores did not predict COVID-19 outcomes. To some, the failure of these metrics to be predictive demonstrates the need for a fundamental reassessment which better aligns preparedness measurement with operational capacities in real-world stress situations, includi…
Covid-19 data are messy
A National Framework to Improve Mortality, Morbidity, and Disparities Data for Covid-19 and Other Large-Scale Disasters
Timely and accurate data on COVID-19 cases and COVID-19‒related deaths are essential for making decisions with significant health, economic, and policy implications. A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine proposes a uniform national framework for data collection to more accurately quantify disaster-related deaths, injuries, and illnesses. This article describes how following the report’s recommendations co…
Getting the most from after action reviews to improve global health security
Public Health Surveillance for Zika Virus
Zika virus provides an example for which public health surveillance is based primarily on health care provider notifications to health departments of potential cases. This case-based surveillance is commonly used to understand the spread of disease in a population. However, case-based surveillance is often biased—whether testing is done and which tests are used and the accuracy of the results depend on a variety of factors including test availabi…
Public response to the 2014 chemical spill in West Virginia
Data from this study show that a higher perception of risk and timely receipt of information are associated with compliance with recommended behaviours, underlying the importance of releasing information to the public as quickly as possible during a crisis. This study also highlights the importance of coordinating risk communication activities beyond the area of the incident to assure public understanding of what measures are recommended, which a…
Characterizing Influenza surveillance systems performance
This study shows certain influenza surveillance systems are less correlated with the information environment than others, and therefore, might represent more reliable indicators of disease activity in future outbreaks. Although the patterns identified in this study might change in future outbreaks, the potential susceptibility of surveillance data is likely to persist in the future, and should be considered when interpreting surveillance data
Variability in school closure decisions in response to 2009 H1N1
The use of school closure as a public health response to epidemic disease can be improved by ensuring that officials clarify the goals of closure and tailor closure decisions to those goals. Additionally, authority to close schools should be clarified in advance, and decision-makers should expect to encounter uncertainty disease emergencies unfold and plan accordingly
Evaluating Syndromic surveillance systems at institutions of higher education (IHEs)
During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, both University A and B experienced a peak number of ILI cases at the beginning of the Fall term. This pattern, seen in surveillance systems at these universities and to a lesser extent in data from other IHEs, most likely resulted from students bringing the virus back to campus from their home states coupled with a sudden increase in population density in dormitories and lecture halls. Through comparison of data fr…
Early detection of influenza outbreaks using the DC Department of Health's syndromic surveillance system
When practitioners apply statistical detection algorithms to their own data, fine tuning of parameters is necessary to improve overall sensitivity. With fined tuned algorithms, our results suggest that emergency room based syndromic surveillance focusing on unspecified infection cases in children is an effective way to determine the beginning of the influenza outbreak and could serve as a trigger for more intensive surveillance efforts and initia…
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Children’s Health Research Portfolio
In Their Own Words
Objectives. We evaluated perceptions of workers at the US Postal Service Brentwood Processing and Distribution Center and US Senate employees regarding public health responses to the anthrax mailings of October 2001. We generated recommendations for improving responses to bioterrorism on the basis of the perceptions we recorded. Methods. Transcripts from focus groups conducted with Brentwood and US Senate employees were examined, and qualitative …
"The term "years of healthy life
The term "years of healthy life": misunderstood, defended, and challenged. A shorthand term for policymakers. M A StotoCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.5.865 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Retail stores' compliance with a city no-smoking law
OBJECTIVES. Laws restricting smoking in public places and workplaces can protect the public only if they are obeyed. We sought to assess compliance with a Cambridge, Mass, no-smoking ordinance. METHODS. We prospectively observed 174 retail stores 1 month before and 3, 11, and 24 months after the law took effect. At 24 months, we interviewed one employee per store. RESULTS. Full compliance with the law was low; at 24 months, only 4% of stores disp…
Forecasting Survival, Health, and Disability
The authors report on a 1992 workshop convened to discuss ways to more accurately forecast mortality morbidity and disability in the United States. Workshop discussions supported use of medium-term forecasts produced by a statistical model by Lee and Carter; qualitative adjustments should be made on the basis of medical and biological knowledge about forces likely to affect mortality. The article also includes suggestions about further developmen…
Estimation of small area population denominators
Estimation of small area population denominators. M A StotoCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1174 Published Online: October 07, 2011
National health objectives for the year 2000
BACKGROUND. The national objectives in Healthy People 2000, drafted by health professionals aware of currently available public health interventions, represent a wealth of information about near-term future mortality and morbidity. METHODS. Life table methods were used to calculate the impact of projected changes in mortality and activity limitation rates on life expectancy and expected disability years. RESULTS. Meeting the mortality objectives …
Allocating resources among Aids research strategies
Components of Age-Specific Fecundability
Fecundability – the monthly probability of conception – incorporates both physiological and behavioural elements that vary across a woman's reproductive life span. How much of the variation in fecundability during the reproductive period can be attributed to age-related changes in physiology, and how much to variation in coital frequency? We use a mathematical model of fecundability to consider this question. Intra-uterine mortality has an import…
Estimating Age-specific Transition Rates for Population Sub-groups from Successive Surveys
As an extension of recent results in generalized stable population theory, in this paper a new method for estimating age-specific transition rates for population sub-groups is developed, based on data from two successive demographic surveys. Simple modifications allow the method to work when the data are tabulated in irregular age groups and when the surveys are taken at irregular intervals. A test of the method based on detailed data on smoking …
Power Transformations for Data Analysis
An analysis of indirect mortality estimation
In this paper the robustness of Brass's child-survivorship indirect mortality estimation technique is investigated. An analytical method is developed for studying the error or bias caused in indirect mortality estimates by poor data, badly chosen model functions, and specific demographic assumptions that are often violated in practice. The resulting analytical expressions give insight into the rationale of indirect methods, the conditions under w…
A reducible four-parameter system of model life tables
In this paper a four-parameter extension of Brass's relational system of model life tables is suggested that (1) matches a wide range of empirical age patterns of mortality, (2) is easy to apply, especially to partial life tables, and (3) contains demographically meaningful parameters. A test of the model on a set of 62 empirical life tables indicates that four parameters are necessary and sufficient for fitting a wide range of mortality patterns…
A new round robin analysis of variance for social interaction data
Experimental social psychology has dealt primarily with situations that are not true social interactions; in a typical study, a subject responds to a fixed, artificial social stimulus such as a photograph, written description, or performance by a confederate. Although these artificial social stimuli provide experimental control over independent variables and can be analyzed using the types of statistical models originally developed for nonsocial …
Components of Age-Specific Fecundability
Fecundability – the monthly probability of conception – incorporates both physiological and behavioural elements that vary across a woman's reproductive life span. How much of the variation in fecundability during the reproductive period can be attributed to age-related changes in physiology, and how much to variation in coital frequency? We use a mathematical model of fecundability to consider this question. Intra-uterine mortality has an import…
A reducible four-parameter system of model life tables
In this paper a four-parameter extension of Brass's relational system of model life tables is suggested that (1) matches a wide range of empirical age patterns of mortality, (2) is easy to apply, especially to partial life tables, and (3) contains demographically meaningful parameters. A test of the model on a set of 62 empirical life tables indicates that four parameters are necessary and sufficient for fitting a wide range of mortality patterns…
National health objectives for the year 2000
BACKGROUND. The national objectives in Healthy People 2000, drafted by health professionals aware of currently available public health interventions, represent a wealth of information about near-term future mortality and morbidity. METHODS. Life table methods were used to calculate the impact of projected changes in mortality and activity limitation rates on life expectancy and expected disability years. RESULTS. Meeting the mortality objectives …
Forecasting Survival, Health, and Disability
The authors report on a 1992 workshop convened to discuss ways to more accurately forecast mortality morbidity and disability in the United States. Workshop discussions supported use of medium-term forecasts produced by a statistical model by Lee and Carter; qualitative adjustments should be made on the basis of medical and biological knowledge about forces likely to affect mortality. The article also includes suggestions about further developmen…
Allocating resources among Aids research strategies
Estimating Age-specific Transition Rates for Population Sub-groups from Successive Surveys
As an extension of recent results in generalized stable population theory, in this paper a new method for estimating age-specific transition rates for population sub-groups is developed, based on data from two successive demographic surveys. Simple modifications allow the method to work when the data are tabulated in irregular age groups and when the surveys are taken at irregular intervals. A test of the method based on detailed data on smoking …
In Their Own Words
Objectives. We evaluated perceptions of workers at the US Postal Service Brentwood Processing and Distribution Center and US Senate employees regarding public health responses to the anthrax mailings of October 2001. We generated recommendations for improving responses to bioterrorism on the basis of the perceptions we recorded. Methods. Transcripts from focus groups conducted with Brentwood and US Senate employees were examined, and qualitative …
Retail stores' compliance with a city no-smoking law
OBJECTIVES. Laws restricting smoking in public places and workplaces can protect the public only if they are obeyed. We sought to assess compliance with a Cambridge, Mass, no-smoking ordinance. METHODS. We prospectively observed 174 retail stores 1 month before and 3, 11, and 24 months after the law took effect. At 24 months, we interviewed one employee per store. RESULTS. Full compliance with the law was low; at 24 months, only 4% of stores disp…
An analysis of indirect mortality estimation
In this paper the robustness of Brass's child-survivorship indirect mortality estimation technique is investigated. An analytical method is developed for studying the error or bias caused in indirect mortality estimates by poor data, badly chosen model functions, and specific demographic assumptions that are often violated in practice. The resulting analytical expressions give insight into the rationale of indirect methods, the conditions under w…
A Reassessment of the Demography of Traditional Rural China
An analysis of the composition, characteristics, and vital processes of the population of rural mainland China was undertaken using data collected as part of a study of land utilization carried out by Naking University in 1929-1931. These data have been reappraised using techniques for demographic analysis of faulty data which shows a consistent picture of the Chinese farmer of high morta moderate fertility, and early and universal marriage. Esti…
A new round robin analysis of variance for social interaction data
Experimental social psychology has dealt primarily with situations that are not true social interactions; in a typical study, a subject responds to a fixed, artificial social stimulus such as a photograph, written description, or performance by a confederate. Although these artificial social stimuli provide experimental control over independent variables and can be analyzed using the types of statistical models originally developed for nonsocial …
How Many Will Survive the Next Fifty Years
Jesse H. Ausubel Michael A. Stoto In discussions of long-term environmental issues, such as carbon dioxide and global climatic change, reference is often made to the improbability of substantial societal action to protect populations of the future. Most government and business planning decisions are oriented toward the next quarter or the next year, not toward half a century from now, when many experts contend dramatic environmental shifts will b…
Power Transformations for Data Analysis
An analysis of indirect mortality estimation
In this paper the robustness of Brass's child-survivorship indirect mortality estimation technique is investigated. An analytical method is developed for studying the error or bias caused in indirect mortality estimates by poor data, badly chosen model functions, and specific demographic assumptions that are often violated in practice. The resulting analytical expressions give insight into the rationale of indirect methods, the conditions under w…
A reducible four-parameter system of model life tables
In this paper a four-parameter extension of Brass's relational system of model life tables is suggested that (1) matches a wide range of empirical age patterns of mortality, (2) is easy to apply, especially to partial life tables, and (3) contains demographically meaningful parameters. A test of the model on a set of 62 empirical life tables indicates that four parameters are necessary and sufficient for fitting a wide range of mortality patterns…
Estimating Age-specific Transition Rates for Population Sub-groups from Successive Surveys
As an extension of recent results in generalized stable population theory, in this paper a new method for estimating age-specific transition rates for population sub-groups is developed, based on data from two successive demographic surveys. Simple modifications allow the method to work when the data are tabulated in irregular age groups and when the surveys are taken at irregular intervals. A test of the method based on detailed data on smoking …
Allocating resources among Aids research strategies
Components of Age-Specific Fecundability
Fecundability – the monthly probability of conception – incorporates both physiological and behavioural elements that vary across a woman's reproductive life span. How much of the variation in fecundability during the reproductive period can be attributed to age-related changes in physiology, and how much to variation in coital frequency? We use a mathematical model of fecundability to consider this question. Intra-uterine mortality has an import…
National health objectives for the year 2000
BACKGROUND. The national objectives in Healthy People 2000, drafted by health professionals aware of currently available public health interventions, represent a wealth of information about near-term future mortality and morbidity. METHODS. Life table methods were used to calculate the impact of projected changes in mortality and activity limitation rates on life expectancy and expected disability years. RESULTS. Meeting the mortality objectives …
Estimation of small area population denominators
Estimation of small area population denominators. M A StotoCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1174 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Retail stores' compliance with a city no-smoking law
OBJECTIVES. Laws restricting smoking in public places and workplaces can protect the public only if they are obeyed. We sought to assess compliance with a Cambridge, Mass, no-smoking ordinance. METHODS. We prospectively observed 174 retail stores 1 month before and 3, 11, and 24 months after the law took effect. At 24 months, we interviewed one employee per store. RESULTS. Full compliance with the law was low; at 24 months, only 4% of stores disp…
Forecasting Survival, Health, and Disability
The authors report on a 1992 workshop convened to discuss ways to more accurately forecast mortality morbidity and disability in the United States. Workshop discussions supported use of medium-term forecasts produced by a statistical model by Lee and Carter; qualitative adjustments should be made on the basis of medical and biological knowledge about forces likely to affect mortality. The article also includes suggestions about further developmen…
"The term "years of healthy life
The term "years of healthy life": misunderstood, defended, and challenged. A shorthand term for policymakers. M A StotoCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.5.865 Published Online: October 07, 2011
In Their Own Words
Objectives. We evaluated perceptions of workers at the US Postal Service Brentwood Processing and Distribution Center and US Senate employees regarding public health responses to the anthrax mailings of October 2001. We generated recommendations for improving responses to bioterrorism on the basis of the perceptions we recorded. Methods. Transcripts from focus groups conducted with Brentwood and US Senate employees were examined, and qualitative …
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Children’s Health Research Portfolio
Early detection of influenza outbreaks using the DC Department of Health's syndromic surveillance system
When practitioners apply statistical detection algorithms to their own data, fine tuning of parameters is necessary to improve overall sensitivity. With fined tuned algorithms, our results suggest that emergency room based syndromic surveillance focusing on unspecified infection cases in children is an effective way to determine the beginning of the influenza outbreak and could serve as a trigger for more intensive surveillance efforts and initia…
Variability in school closure decisions in response to 2009 H1N1
The use of school closure as a public health response to epidemic disease can be improved by ensuring that officials clarify the goals of closure and tailor closure decisions to those goals. Additionally, authority to close schools should be clarified in advance, and decision-makers should expect to encounter uncertainty disease emergencies unfold and plan accordingly
Evaluating Syndromic surveillance systems at institutions of higher education (IHEs)
During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, both University A and B experienced a peak number of ILI cases at the beginning of the Fall term. This pattern, seen in surveillance systems at these universities and to a lesser extent in data from other IHEs, most likely resulted from students bringing the virus back to campus from their home states coupled with a sudden increase in population density in dormitories and lecture halls. Through comparison of data fr…
Characterizing Influenza surveillance systems performance
This study shows certain influenza surveillance systems are less correlated with the information environment than others, and therefore, might represent more reliable indicators of disease activity in future outbreaks. Although the patterns identified in this study might change in future outbreaks, the potential susceptibility of surveillance data is likely to persist in the future, and should be considered when interpreting surveillance data
Public response to the 2014 chemical spill in West Virginia
Data from this study show that a higher perception of risk and timely receipt of information are associated with compliance with recommended behaviours, underlying the importance of releasing information to the public as quickly as possible during a crisis. This study also highlights the importance of coordinating risk communication activities beyond the area of the incident to assure public understanding of what measures are recommended, which a…
Public Health Surveillance for Zika Virus
Zika virus provides an example for which public health surveillance is based primarily on health care provider notifications to health departments of potential cases. This case-based surveillance is commonly used to understand the spread of disease in a population. However, case-based surveillance is often biased—whether testing is done and which tests are used and the accuracy of the results depend on a variety of factors including test availabi…
Getting the most from after action reviews to improve global health security
A National Framework to Improve Mortality, Morbidity, and Disparities Data for Covid-19 and Other Large-Scale Disasters
Timely and accurate data on COVID-19 cases and COVID-19‒related deaths are essential for making decisions with significant health, economic, and policy implications. A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine proposes a uniform national framework for data collection to more accurately quantify disaster-related deaths, injuries, and illnesses. This article describes how following the report’s recommendations co…
Covid-19 data are messy
Medicine (21 works) · Environmental health (12 works) · Political science (12 works) · Public health (12 works) · Nursing (9 works) · Population (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · COVID-19 epidemiological studies (8 works) · Business (7 works) · Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management (6 works)