I Hajdas
Biographic Data
| ID | 26286 |
|---|---|
| NAME | I Hajdas |
| GIVEN NAMES | I |
| FAMILY NAME | Hajdas |
| SIGNATURE | HAJDAS I |
| AFFILIATIONS | ETH Zurich |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2373-2725 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 119 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4848 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 119 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Effect of conservation treatments on radiocarbon ages of wood
The efficiency of the standard radiocarbon pretreatment in removing contamination from carbon introduced by wood conservation treatments was tested. Seven consolidated waterlogged wood samples from well-dated archaeological sites in Switzerland were chosen for preparation and AMS analysis. Conservation material included materials frequently used in the second half of the 20th century such as Arigal C, Polyethylene glycol, Ethanol-Ether, and sucro…
Tracing the influence of Western Mediterranean innovations in Neolithic Europe through directly radiocarbon-dated naked wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum)
The dispersal of crops offers a powerful lens through which to investigate prehistoric mobility, interaction, and adaptation. This study examines the spatiotemporal distribution of naked wheat across Europe during the Neolithic using a dataset of 116 directly dated naked wheat remains from 58 archaeological sites (ca. 6000–2400 cal BCE). Dates were calibrated and analysed through summed probability distributions, composite Kernel Density Estimati…
A new 14 C sample treatment laboratory at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, PL
The accuracy and precision of radiocarbon dating largely depend on the quality of sample preparation prior to measurement. Proper selection of material, identification of potential contaminants, and application of appropriate purification procedures are the basis of reliable 14 C analyses. Modern preparation laboratories not only support the process of obtaining reliable results but also play a key role in integrating the scientific community and…
Radiocarbon dating of mortars from monastery hill in Tyniec, Poland
The Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec is the oldest existing monastery in Poland (11th cent. AD). The historic walls of the Monastery have survived to this day and crown the limestone hill on the Vistula River. The geological structure of the surrounding area is reflected in the composition of the mortars. In vicinity of Tyniec one may observe outcrops of Upper Jurassic limestones represented by two facies: bedded limestones with cherts and massive lim…
Evolution of an Early and Long-Lasting Iron Smelting Technique at Didé West 1, Falémé Valley, Eastern Senegal
Radiocarbon ages of the Iceman—Reopening a jar with the frozen tissue stored at the ETH laboratory
We report the results of radiocarbon dating performed at the ETH laboratory on soft tissue of the mummified body found in September 1991 on the Hauslabjoch in the Ötztaler Alps (near the Similaun Mountain), South Tyrol. Over the past three decades, additional analyses of the sample, which had been stored frozen in a glass jar, have improved the precision of the first published radiocarbon ages. The frozen jar and the story of a mummified body fou…
Radiocarbon dating of the Church of St. Margaret of Antioch in Kopčany (Slovakia)
An international consortium of radiocarbon laboratories has established the origin of the Church of St. Margaret of Antioch in Kopčany (Slovakia), because its age was not well known from previous investigations. In total, 13 samples of charcoal, wood, mortar, and plaster were analyzed. The 14 C results obtained from the different laboratories, as well as between the different sample types, were in good agreement. Resulting the final 14 C calibrat…
Integrating Material Analysis, Radiocarbon Dating, and Technical Examination in the Dating and Provenance Study of a Copy of Raphael’s “The Great Holy Family of Francis I”
In 2016, five fragments from a copy of “The Great Holy Family of Francis I” were brought to the Cologne Institute of Conservation Sciences (CICS) for research and conserva-tion/restoration. A comprehensive technical and material analysis was carried out to as-sist provenance studies. From the analysis of pigments, binder, additives, and canvas fi-bres alongside radiocarbon dating of the lead white pigment, oil binder, and canvas sup-port, as well…
Mudbricks in Medieval West African Architecture
The Djoutoubaya settlement in the Falémé Valley (Senegal), occupied from the 9th to 14th centuries, provides key insights into West African mudbrick architecture prior to the 16th century. This study examines Djoutoubaya’s architectural evolution, focusing on a mudbrick complex dating to the 13th century. The presence of two distinct brick types – hand-modeled “loaf-shaped” and molded plano-convex – demonstrates diverse construction practices, wh…
Fading of the 14 C bomb peak – students’ project to observe the Suess effect
The natural variability of atmospheric 14 C has been significantly altered by anthropogenic activities linked to technological advancements and energy consumption over the past two and a half centuries. The Suess effect, a consequence of the combustion of old carbon (fossil fuels) since the mid-18th century and the bomb peak from the mid-20th century’s thermonuclear tests, has obscured the natural 14 C signal in the atmosphere. This study present…
Holocene multi-proxy environmental reconstruction of a tundra lake
Multi-proxy analyses of two twin sediment cores from the Reindeer Lake were performed to reconstruct the Holocene environmental conditions in this eastern branch of the Bellsund region (Western Spitsbergen). A continuous Holocene lacustrine sediment sequence record was documented, with the dominance of a single algal species, Pediastrum orientale . The basal sediment was AMS 14 C-dated between 8.4 and 8.2 ka cal BP. The results of our study, indi…
New and old coral radiocarbon records revisited for the subtropical and tropical Atlantic Ocean
Ocean radiocarbon ( 14 C) is a proxy for air-sea exchange, vertical and horizontal mixing, and water mass identification. Here, we present five pre- to post-bomb coral Δ 14 C records from West Flower Garden Bank and Santiaguillo reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, Boca de Medio, and Isla Tortuga near the Cariaco Basin north of Venezuela. To assess basin-wide Δ 14 C variability, we compiled the Atlantic Ocean reef-building surface coral Δ 14 C records (2…
Beginning of the circle? Revised chronologies for Flagstones and Alington Avenue, Dorchester, Dorset
A shift towards constructing large circular monuments, including henges, during the Middle Neolithic of Britain and Ireland is exemplified in the monumental landscape of south-west England. Seventeen new radiocarbon dates for the Flagstones circular enclosure and the adjacent long enclosure of Alington Avenue, presented here, provide a chronology that is earlier than expected. Comparison with similar sites demonstrates that Flagstones was part of…
Radiocarbon Dating of Highly Degraded and Problematic Fossil Wood
This paper compares various wood pretreatment methods for highly degraded, and problematic fossil wood extracted from the opencast Szczerców site of the Bełchatów Lignite Mine in Central Poland. The study evaluates the pretreatment methods using both large samples (55–255 g, referred to as series A) and small samples (36–150 mg, referred to as series B). Additionally, all preparation methods were applied to medium-sized samples (approximately 3 g…
The Dating of Dolomitic Mortars With Uncertain Chronology From Müstair Monastery
To obtain scientific data regarding the chronology of archaeological structures, lime mortar radiocarbon dating has often demonstrated to be a decisive method. However, knowing the specific chemical-mineralogical characteristics of mortars can help when preparing samples or interpreting results. Among other issues, the dating of magnesian mortars can be particularly difficult because of the combined slaking, setting and hardening reactions of the…
Sample Selection, Characterization and Choice of Treatment for Accurate Radiocarbon Analysis—insights From the Eth Laboratory
Accurate radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis depends on a successful carbon separation relevant to the studied object. The process of 14 C dating involves the following steps: characterization and sample choice, sample treatment, measurements, and evaluation of the results. Here, we provide an overview of conventional approaches to macromolecular samples and address specific issues such as detecting and removing contamination with roots, dolomite, and c…
An archaeobotanical and stable isotope approach to changing agricultural practices in the NW Mediterranean region around 4000 BC
It has recently been observed, that a change in the crop spectrum happened during the so-called Middle Neolithic in France at ca. 4000 BC. An agricultural system based on free-threshing cereals (naked wheat and naked barley) seems to shift to one based on glume wheats. This is a major change for traditional farmers and this paper aims to shed light on its possible causes. Here we describe the results of new investigations in a key area for the un…
Water and landscape management for 3,000 years in a mid-mountain area
New research on crop diversity of the early farmers in southeastern Europe (ca. 6400 − 5700 bce)
Pelagonia is a mountain valley in North Macedonia that was densely occupied by early farming communities in the second half of the 7th and early 6th millennium bce . Archaeobotanical analysis is being done on material from three sites there, Vrbjanska Čuka, Veluška Tumba and Vlaho. This paper presents the results of archaeobotanical analyses of remains from Pelagonia, which represent some of the oldest directly dated remains of cereals and pulses…
Towards a Radiocarbon-Based Chronology of Urban Northern Mesopotamia in the Early to Mid-Second Millennium Bc
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) data for 2nd millennium BC urban sites in northern Mesopotamia have been lacking until recently. This article presents a preliminary dataset and Bayesian model addressing the Middle and early Late Bronze Age (Old Babylonian and pre/early Mittani) strata of Kurd Qaburstan—one of the largest archaeological sites on the Erbil plain of Iraqi Kurdistan. The results place the large, densely occupied and fortified Middle Bronze Age c…
Radiocarbon Dating of Manuscripts Kept in the Central Library of the University of Tehran
This article discusses radiocarbon dating results of documents preserved at the Central Library of the University of Tehran (hereafter, CLUT) as part of the project “Irankoran.” The paper adds new evidence to an ongoing campaign of dating Qurʾāns and Oriental manuscripts by the Corpus Coranicum Project. The dated manuscripts include one kūfī fragment of the Qurʾān on parchment (no. 10950) and a selection of Islamic and Persian manuscripts, all fr…
Intercomparison Exercise on Fuel Samples for Determination of Biocontent Ratio by 14 C Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
The method of determining the biobased carbon content in liquid fuel samples is standardized, but different laboratories use different protocols during sample preparation and perform the measurements using different machines. The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories use different combustion, preparation, and graphitization methods for the graphite production for the spectrometric measurements. As a result, the intercomparison between …
Na wschodzie bez zmian? W sprawie chronologii absolutnej ceramiki z obszaru pogranicza polsko-ruskiego. Gródek, stanowisko nr 35
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki datowania radiowęglowego wczesnośredniowiecznej ceramiki z dwóch pieców odkrytych na stanowisku nr 35 w Gródku nad Bugiem. „Tradycyjne” datowanie wskazuje na XI w., podczas gdy uzyskane daty 14C są o około 150 lat starsze. Stratygraficzny związek próbek i ceramiki nie budzi wątpliwości, należy zatem omawiane wyniki potraktować jako głos w dyskusji dotyczącej różnych rytmów przemian warsztatu garncarskiego na ziemi…
The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
The subalpine, atmospherically fed Śnieżka peatland, located in the Polish part of the Sudetes, is one of the nominated candidates for the GSSP of the Anthropocene. Data from two profiles, Sn1 (2012) and Sn0 (2020), from this site are critical for distinguishing the proposed epoch, while an additional core Sn2 is presented to support main evidence. The Sn0 archive contains a wide array of critical markers such as plutonium (Pu), radiocarbon (F14C…
The Flower Garden Banks Siderastrea siderea coral as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
The proposed Anthropocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidate site of West Flower Garden Bank (27.8762°N, 93.8147°W) is an open ocean location in the Gulf of Mexico with a submerged coral reef and few direct human impacts. Corals contain highly accurate and precise (<±1 year) internal chronologies, similar to tree rings, and their exoskeletons are formed of aragonite and can be preserved in the rock record. Here we prese…
IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years cal BP
The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the 14 C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves…
IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP
The IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon calibration curves have been revised utilizing newly available and updated data sets from 14 C measurements on tree rings, plant macrofossils, speleothems, corals, and foraminifera. The calibration curves were derived from the data using the random walk model (RWM) used to generate IntCal09 and Marine09, which has been revised to account for additional uncertainties and error structures. The new curves were r…
The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14 C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth syste…
When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal
The Working Group on the Anthropocene
Timescales and cultural process at 40,000 BP in the light of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Western Eurasia
Micadas
The prototype mini carbon dating system (MICADAS) at ETH Zurich has been in routine operation for almost 2 yr. Because of its simple and compact layout, setting up a radiocarbon measurement is fast and the system runs very reliably over days or even weeks without retuning. The stability of the instrument is responsible for the good performance in highest-precision measurements where results of single samples can be reproduced within less than 2‰.…
Status Report of the New AMS 14 C Sample Preparation Lab of the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies (Debrecen, Hungary)
We document chemical laboratory procedures and results on international comparison samples at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Debrecen, Hungary. We also show results using the new MICADAS system and compare these results to internationally recognized standards and blank materials. The newly developed sample preparation system in HEKAL can handle samples as 1) organic material, 2) cellulose fraction of plant, 3) bones, 4) carbo…
Alternative Methods for Cellulose Preparation for AMS Measurement
The main methods applied to clean plant material for radiocarbon dating are not compound-specific and generally remove only the easily exchangeable components by an acid-base-acid sequence and additional optional steps like Soxhlet extraction to remove resins and oxidative bleaching with NaClO 2 . The products are normally clean enough for standard 14 C measurement, but in some cases it is desirable to have pure cellulose, which remains unchanged…
Preparation and Dating of Mortar Samples—Mortar Dating Inter-Comparison Study (Modis)
Seven radiocarbon laboratories: Åbo/Aarhus, CIRCE, CIRCe, ETHZ, Poznań, RICH, and Milano-Bicocca performed separation of carbonaceous fractions suitable for 14 C dating of four mortar samples selected for the MOrtar Dating Inter-comparison Study (MODIS). In addition, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) analyses were completed by Milano-Bicocca and IRAMAT-CRP2A Bordeaux. Each laboratory performed separation according to laboratory protocol. Re…
On-line Radiocarbon Measurements of Small Samples Using Elemental Analyzer and Micadas Gas Ion Source
An on-line measurement system was installed at the MICADAS in Zurich, using an elemental analyzer (EA) as a combustion unit to enable direct radiocarbon measurement of samples containing carbon in the range of 5–100 μg possible with minimum effort. The samples are combusted in small capsules and the gaseous combustion products are separated by the EA. The carbon dioxide leaving the EA in a high helium flow is concentrated on a small external trap…
Radiocarbon chronology of the mammoth site at Niederweningen, Switzerland
West African Palaeolithic history
Colonization of the Americas, 'Little Ice Age' climate, and bomb-produced carbon
A recently published analysis by Lewis and Maslin (Lewis SL and Maslin MA (2015) Defining the Anthropocene. Nature 519: 171-180) has identified two new potential horizons for the Holocene−Anthropocene boundary: 1610 (associated with European colonization of the Americas), or 1964 (the peak of the excess radiocarbon signal arising from atom bomb tests). We discuss both of these novel suggestions, and consider that there is insufficient stratigraph…
Selection and Treatment of Data for Radiocarbon Calibration
High-quality data from appropriate archives are needed for the continuing improvement of radiocarbon calibration curves. We discuss here the basic assumptions behind 14 C dating that necessitate calibration and the relative strengths and weaknesses of archives from which calibration data are obtained. We also highlight the procedures, problems, and uncertainties involved in determining atmospheric and surface ocean 14 C/ 12 C in these archives, i…
Mortar Dating Methodology
Absolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge, existing chronologies. To evaluate various sample preparation methods for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of mortars as well as to compare different dating methods, i.e. 14 C and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), a mortar dating intercomparis…
The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
An annually laminated succession in Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada is proposed for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) to define the Anthropocene as a series/epoch with a base dated at 1950 CE. Varve couplets of organic matter capped by calcite precipitated each summer in alkaline surface waters reflect environmental change at global to local scales. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles and nitrogen isotopes record an increase in…
A field guide to mortar sampling for radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating of mortars is a method for absolute dating of historical mortared stone structures. Successful mortar dating studies have answered chronological questions, while other studies have revealed that mortar samples can have complications and contaminants. These can cause inconclusive results even with present state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Previous research shows that adequate and proper sampling of mortar samples is of fundamental im…
Dating Bones near the Limit of the Radiocarbon Dating Method
Preparation of bone material for radiocarbon dating is still a subject of investigation. In the past, the most problematic ages appeared to be the very old bones, i.e. those with ages close to the limit of the dating method. Development of preparative methods requires sufficient amounts of bone material as well as the possibility of verification of the ages. In the peat section at Niederweningen, ZH Switzerland, numerous bones of mammoth and othe…
Evaluation of Preparation Methods in Radiocarbon Dating of Old Wood
From the early days of radiocarbon dating, the standard sample treatment has involved removal of contamination from carbonates and humic acids by washes in acid and base, respectively. A modification of this acid-base-acid (ABA) method has been suggested, especially for material older than 20,000 yr. However, the criticism of ABA and application of a more aggressive oxidizing method, such as wet oxidation (ABOX) or cellulose extraction, might onl…
Roman Ruins as an Experiment for Radiocarbon Dating of Mortar
The remains of Vindonissa, the Roman legionary camp in Switzerland, have been the subject of extensive archaeological studies. Knowledge of the building time plays a role in reconstructions of the history of this site. We radiocarbon dated mortar samples selected from one of the Roman monuments (Westtor) as well as a nearby Medieval monastery. 14 C ages obtained on the first fraction and second fraction of very short dissolution appear close to t…
Tunnug 1 (Arzhan 0) – an early Scythian kurgan in Tuva Republic, Russia
Second Radiocarbon Intercomparison Program for the Chauvetpont d'Arc Cave, Ardèche, France
The Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave is one of the most important sites for the study of the earliest manifestations and development of prehistoric art at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. Different dating techniques have been performed thus far (AMS 14 C, U/Th TIMS, 36 Cl dating) to model the chronological framework of this decorated cave. The cave yielded several large charcoal fragments, which enabled the opportunity for obtaining multiple dates;…
Development of 14 C Dating of Mortars at ETH Zurich
The ages of mortars and plaster can help reveal the history of monuments, their construction, or restoration times. However, these anthropogenic carbonates pose a challenge when it comes to separation of the atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 C) signal of the CO 2 fixed in the mortar at the time of consolidation, i.e., the time of binder formation. The variety and heterogeneity of mortars require individual assessments of each sample and 14 C results. …
Selective Dating of Paint Components
Lead white is a man-made white pigment commonly used in works of art. In this study, the possibility of radiocarbon dating lead white pigments alone and in oil paints was explored using well-dated lead white pigments and paints. Resulting 14 C ages on lead white pigments produced following the traditional stack process, where carbonate groups results from the incorporation of CO 2 originating from fermentation, matched the production years, while…
Assessing AMS 14C ages of detrital organics from Holocene and late-Pleistocene moraines, east-central Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Obtaining age estimates of moraines which have insufficient carbon for conventional 14 C dating may be possible by AMS 14 C dating of detrital organic material in the till matrix. Sufficient detrital carbon was available in the till matrix of Holocene and late-Pleistocene moraines of upper Laurel Creek Canyon, east-central Sierra Nevada, California, for AMS 14 C measurements. Radiocarbon analysis of till matrix organics from the moraine closest t…
A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates
Evidence from North Atlantic deep sea cores reveals that abrupt shifts punctuated what is conventionally thought to have been a relatively stable Holocene climate. During each of these episodes, cool, ice-bearing waters from north of Iceland were advected as far south as the latitude of Britain. At about the same times, the atmospheric circulation above Greenland changed abruptly. Pacings of the Holocene events and of abrupt climate shifts during…
C Ages of Terrestrial Macrofossils from Lago Grande Di Monticchio (Italy)
Lago Grande di Monticchio (Italy) contains long sedimentary records of >75 ka (Zolitschka and Negendank 1996). In a joint European project (Creer and Thouveny 1996), vegetation history and climatic changes for this part of the Mediterranean have been reconstructed (Watts, Allen and Huntley 1996; Watts et al. 1996). In addition to the time scale based on annual laminations and sedimentation rate, tephra layers and pollen spectra, radiocarbon datin…
A Reassessment of U-Th and 14 C Ages for Late-Glacial High-Frequency Hydrological Events at Searles Lake, California
U-Th isochron ages of tufas formed on shorelines suggest that the last pluvial event in Lake Lahontan and Searles Lake was synchronous at about 16,500 cal yr B.P. (equivalent to a radiocarbon age of between 14,000 and 13,500 yr B.P.), whereas the timing of this pluvial event determined by radiocarbon dating is on the order of 1000 yr younger. The timing of seven distinct periods of near desiccation in Searles Lake during late-glacial time has bee…
Antiphasing between Rainfall in Africa's Rift Valley and North America's Great Basin
The beginning of the Bølling-Allerød warm period was marked in Greenland ice by an abrupt rise in δ 18 O, an abrupt drop in dust rain, and an abrupt increase in atmospheric methane content. The surface waters in the Norwegian Sea underwent a simultaneous abrupt warming. At about this time, a major change in the pattern of global rainfall occurred. Lake Victoria (latitude 0°), which prior to this time was dry, was rejuvenated. The Red Sea, which p…
Radiocarbon Dating of Varve Chronologies
During the last decade, several radiocarbon-dated varve chronologies have been produced. The main goal at first was the extension of the 14 C calibration curve beyond 10,000 BP. This paper aims to discuss varve chronologies of Soppensee and Holzmaar Lakes. Although both chronologies encountered problems, high-resolution 14 C dating and relative varve time have been obtained for events during the Late Glacial
Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene
Surface winds and surface ocean hydrography in the subpolar North Atlantic appear to have been influenced by variations in solar output through the entire Holocene. The evidence comes from a close correlation between inferred changes in production rates of the cosmogenic nuclides carbon-14 and beryllium-10 and centennial to millennial time scale changes in proxies of drift ice measured in deep-sea sediment cores. A solar forcing mechanism therefo…
Precise radiocarbon dating of Late-Glacial cooling in mid-latitude South America
Variability of atmospheric 14 C content often complicates radiocarbon-based chronologies; however, specific features such as periods of constant 14 C age or steep changes in radiocarbon ages can be useful stratigraphic markers. The Younger Dryas event in the Northern Hemisphere is one of those periods, showing conspicuous 14 C wiggles. Although the origin of those variations is not fully understood, we can make practical use of them and determine…
Source Apportionment of Aerosols by 14 C Measurements in Different Carbonaceous Particle Fractions
Radiocarbon enables a distinction between contemporary and fossil carbon, which can be used for the apportionment of biogenic and anthropogenic sources in environmental studies. In order to apply this approach to carbonaceous atmospheric aerosols, it is necessary to adapt pretreatment procedures to the requirements of 14 C measurements. In this work, we followed an approach in which total carbon (TC) is subdivided into fractions of different chem…
C Ages of Ostracodes from Pleistocene Lake Sediments of the Western Great Basin, Usa—Results of Progressive Acid Leaching
Progressive dissolution experiments were performed on samples of ostracode shells from lacustrine sediments from the western Great Basin to remove contamination of the surface by secondary calcite. The observed age differences between the external and residual fractions were as great as 2000 to 6000 yr. A “plateau” in ages of the last fractions was obtained only for 1 sample; however, results of repeated experiments resulted in very good agreemen…
The Comparison of 14 C Wiggle-Matching Results for the ‘Floating’ Tree-Ring Chronology of the Ulandryk-4 Burial Ground (Altai Mountains, Siberia)
Two independent 14 C data sets of 10 tree-ring samples from the longest master chronology of the Pazyryk cultural complex were obtained and wiggle-matched to the absolute timescale. The results show very good agreement, within 10–15 calendar yr. The Ulandryk-4 burial ground (mound 1) was dated to about 320–310 cal BC, and this is consistent with wiggle-matching of the Pazyryk burial ground date series
Timing of the late-glacial climate reversal in the Southern Hemisphere using high-resolution radiocarbon chronology for Kaipo Bog, New Zealand
The pattern of climate change in the Southern Hemisphere during the Younger Dryas (YD) chronozone provides essential constraint on mechanisms of abrupt climate change only if accurate, high-precision chronologies are obtained. A climate reversal reported previously at Kaipo bog, New Zealand, had been dated between 13,600 and 12,600 cal yr B.P. and appeared to asynchronously overlap the YD chron, but the chronology, based on conventionally radioca…
Radiocarbon chronology of the mammoth site at Niederweningen, Switzerland
Construction of the Calendar Timescale for Lake Wigry (Ne Poland) Sediments on the Basis of Radiocarbon Dating
A radiocarbon chronology of lake sediments deposited in Lake Wigry during the Last Glacial and Holocene periods provided the basis for calendar age-depth modeling. Various fractions (organics and carbonates) were dated and the results were subjected to critical analysis. The dates affected by reservoir effects as well as outlying data were excluded, and the non-linear age model was developed based on 13 ages. The statistical tools used for constr…
Recent developments in Quaternary dating methods
An overview of methods to numerically date continental Quaternary deposits is provided including radiocarbon, Uranium series, cosmogenic nuclides, luminescence and electron spin resonance. Physical background and methodology are briefly described and potential problems as well as recent developments in the field are highlighted
Timescales and cultural process at 40,000 BP in the light of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Western Eurasia
Preface From the Editors
The 5th International Radiocarbon and Archaeology Symposium was held at the ETH Zurich between March 26th and 28th, 2008. A total of 164 participants (including 47 students) from 28 countries attended the symposium. We had presentations of 13 invited speakers who opened 6 thematic/topic sessions that included 31 oral presentations and 49 posters
Dating Bones near the Limit of the Radiocarbon Dating Method
Preparation of bone material for radiocarbon dating is still a subject of investigation. In the past, the most problematic ages appeared to be the very old bones, i.e. those with ages close to the limit of the dating method. Development of preparative methods requires sufficient amounts of bone material as well as the possibility of verification of the ages. In the peat section at Niederweningen, ZH Switzerland, numerous bones of mammoth and othe…
New Radiocarbon Dates for the Early Neolithic of the Western Mediterranean
Understanding of processes that determined the expansion of farming and animal husbandry in south-western Europe is hampered by poor chronologies of the early Neolithic in this region. This paper presents new radiocarbon dates, which are used to construct such a chronological frame for a regional group of the most important culture of the early Neolithic in the western Mediterranean: the Cardial culture
Applications of Radiocarbon Dating Method
The main force driving technical development of the radiocarbon dating technique is the wide spectrum of applications that cross interdisciplinary boundaries of Earth and social sciences. This paper provides a very brief overview of some of the many applications of 14 C analysis to various studies of human origin and migration, cultures and history, past and present environment, and the human body itself
IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years cal BP
The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the 14 C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves…
Claudio Tuniz, Richard Gillespie, and Cheryl Jones. The Bone Readers—Atoms, Genes and the Politics of Australia'S Deep Past. 2009. Sydney
Claudio Tuniz, Richard Gillespie, and Cheryl Jones. The Bone Readers—Atoms, Genes and the Politics of Australia'S Deep Past. 2009. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN: 9781741147285. 288 P. - Volume 52 Issue 3
On-line Radiocarbon Measurements of Small Samples Using Elemental Analyzer and Micadas Gas Ion Source
An on-line measurement system was installed at the MICADAS in Zurich, using an elemental analyzer (EA) as a combustion unit to enable direct radiocarbon measurement of samples containing carbon in the range of 5–100 μg possible with minimum effort. The samples are combusted in small capsules and the gaseous combustion products are separated by the EA. The carbon dioxide leaving the EA in a high helium flow is concentrated on a small external trap…
Micadas
The prototype mini carbon dating system (MICADAS) at ETH Zurich has been in routine operation for almost 2 yr. Because of its simple and compact layout, setting up a radiocarbon measurement is fast and the system runs very reliably over days or even weeks without retuning. The stability of the instrument is responsible for the good performance in highest-precision measurements where results of single samples can be reproduced within less than 2‰.…
Age-Depth Model of Lake Soppensee (Switzerland) Based on the High-Resolution 14 C Chronology Compared with Varve Chronology
An age-depth model for laminated sediments of Lake Soppensee is constructed using radiocarbon ages of macrofossils and a depositional model of the OxCal v 4.1 program with the updated IntCal09 data set. The resulting calendar chronology is compared with the varve chronology that was built for this record in a previous study (Hajdas 1993); there is a very good agreement between the 2 approaches. This illustrates the potential of high-resolution 14…
Geology (81 works) · Archaeology (79 works) · Radiocarbon dating (79 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (70 works) · Geography (64 works) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (61 works) · Paleontology (60 works) · Physical geography (29 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (28 works) · History (27 works)