Anne Solaz
Biographic Data
| ID | 298699 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Anne Solaz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Anne |
| FAMILY NAME | Solaz |
| SIGNATURE | SOLAZ A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Institut national d'études démographiques |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6421-9093 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 56 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 507 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Le congé de paternité, prolongé et modulable, est largement adopté par les pères
La réforme du congé de paternité en 2021 a allongé sa durée et assoupli ses modalités. La part de pères prenant ce congé continue à augmenter, notamment chez ceux qui y avaient le moins recours comme les indépendants, les salariés en contrat à durée déterminée, les pères moins diplômés. La présence des pères au moment de la naissance se généralise et dure plus longtemps. Cependant, les contraintes professionnelles et financières restent un frein …
Another child? Determinants and timing of fertility for parents of a child with a disability
Discovering that a child has a disability at birth or during the early years and caring for the child, can have emotional, financial, and organisational consequences for parents, potentially affecting family plans and behaviours. This paper examines how having a child with a disability relates to subsequent fertility among parents in France. It considers both whether and when a subsequent birth occurs by parity, and how this varies according to m…
Can early universal preschool reduce socioeconomic inequalities in child development? The role of duration and intensity of preschool attendance in the French birth cohort, Elfe
High quality early childhood education and care programs can foster the development of cognitive and noncognitive skills. We estimate the effects of the duration of attending free universal preschool ( école maternelle ) in France between age 3 and 4 on children’s cognitive skills and global development, leveraging differences by birth month to identify plausibly exogenous variation in duration of preschool exposure. Using nationally representati…
Attitudes toward child well-being in diverse families across Europe
BACKGROUNDEuropean families have diversified, with more children raised in single-parent, stepparent, and same-sex parent families.Whereas child outcomes in these families are wellstudied, societal attitudes toward family diversity remain underexplored. OBJECTIVEThis study examines (1) perceptions of child well-being in nontraditional families compared to traditional ones, (2) their variation by family types in terms of structure and composition,…
Do late-life divorces produce greater gender inequalities? Evidence from administrative data
La France, toujours une exception démographique en Europe
En 2023, la fécondité a fortement baissé par rapport à 2022. Il en va de même de la mortalité, après trois années de forte hausse, tandis que le solde migratoire se maintient à un niveau haut. La France est en 2022 le pays de l’Union européenne avec la fécondité la plus élevée, et le reste probablement en 2023. Les évolutions futures sont incertaines, mais le solde migratoire élevé ferait plus que compenser la moindre fécondité si les deux se mai…
« Je mets la table tous les jours »
La grande majorité des enfants de 10 ans déclarent participer régulièrement ou occasionnellement aux tâches domestiques. Certaines tâches leur sont réservées, comme mettre le couvert et débarrasser. Les enfants de famille nombreuse participent davantage que les enfants uniques. Filles et garçons n’effectuent ni le même type, ni le même nombre de tâches : les filles en font plus les garçons. Quand le père participe plus que la mère aux tâches dome…
Are Female-Breadwinner Couples Always Less Stable? Evidence from French Administrative Data
The paper studies the association between partners' relative incomes and union dissolution among couples in France. With the increase in dual-earner couples and women’s educational level, couples in which women earn more than their partners are structurally becoming more widespread. Because female breadwinning challenges long-lived social norms regarding traditional gender roles, scholars have theorized a higher risk of union dissolution among fe…
Can Daddies Learn to Care for Babies? The Effect of A Short Paternity Leave on the Division of Childcare and Housework
Congé parental, modes d’accueil dans la petite enfance et fécondité
En France, malgré la réforme du congé parental adoptée en 2015, la baisse du niveau de fécondité amorcée depuis les années 2010 se poursuit, et même s’intensifie. Dès lors, sur quels leviers les politiques publiques en faveur de la petite enfance peuvent-elles s’appuyer pour influencer positivement le niveau de fécondité
Does Family Structure Account for Child Achievement Gaps by Parental Education? Findings for England, France, Germany and the United States
This paper explores the role of family trajectories during childhood in explaining inequalities by maternal education in children's math and reading skills using harmonized, longitudinal, and nationally representative surveys, which follow children over the course of primary and lower secondary school in four high-income countries (England, France, Germany, and the United States). As single parenthood and family transitions are more likely among …
Unplanned births and their effects on maternal Health
The relevance of tracking and social school composition for growing achievement gaps by parental education in lower secondary school
There is substantial variation in the degree of social stratification in students' achievement across countries. However, most research is based on cross-sectional data. In this study, we evaluate the importance of social origin, namely, parents' education, for achievement inequalities during lower secondary school using recent longitudinal microdata form the French Direction de l'Evaluation de la Prospective et de la Performance panel, the Germa…
Séparation des parents
La séparation est à l’origine d’une baisse de niveau de vie marquée pour les enfants, et d’une dégradation générale de leurs conditions de vie, en particulier quand ils vivent avec leur mère seule. Le risque d’entrée en pauvreté s’en trouve accru. Les taux de pauvreté des enfants l’année de la séparation sont bien plus élevés (29 %) que ceux des enfants vivant avec leurs deux parents (13 %). Cet écart reste marqué les années suivantes. Plus les e…
Do Income and Employment Uncertainty Affect Couple Stability? Evidence for France During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Economic uncertainty and family dynamics are strictly connected. The increasing uncertainty generated by the Covid-19 pandemic is thus likely to affect couple relationships and stability, with potential opposite effects. Using data from the nationally representative EPICOV survey, that followed individuals throughout the first year of pandemic in France, we examined separation rates and how these were associated with different measures of employm…
Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education
This paper provides new evidence on inequalities in resources for children age 3–4 by parental education using harmonized data from six advanced industrialized countries—United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Japan—that represent different social welfare regime types. We analyze inequalities in two types of resources for young children—family income, and center-based child care—applying two alternative measures of parent…
Polarized adult fertility patterns following early parental death
Death of a parent during childhood has become rare in developed countries but remains an important life course event that may have consequences for family formation. This paper describes the link between parental death before age 18 and fertility outcomes in adulthood. Using the large national 2011 French Family Survey (INSEE-INED), we focus on the 1946-66 birth cohorts, for whom we observe entire fertility histories. The sample includes 11,854 r…
Housework and Parenting during the Lockdowns in France
Pailhé Ariane, Solaz Anne, Wilner Lionel, EpiCov Équipe. Travail domestique et parental au fil des confinements en France : comment ont évolué les inégalités socio-économiques et de sexe ?/ Housework and Parenting during the Lockdowns in France: How Have Socio-Economic and Gender Inequalities Changed ?. In: Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, n°536-37, 2022. pp. 3-25
Does Part-Time Mothering Help Get a Job? The Role of Shared Custody in Women’s Employment
Though child shared physical custody arrangements after divorce are much more frequent and parents who use it more diverse in many European countries, little is known about their economic consequences for parents. By relaxing family time constraints, does shared custody help divorced mothers return to or stay on work more easily? Since lone mothers are one of the least-employed groups, and they face high unemployment rates, the type of child cust…
La hausse des ruptures et des remises en couple chez les cinquante ans et plus
Parmi les individus nés dans les années 1930, seuls 4 % des hommes et 5 % des femmes ont vécu en couple plusieurs fois à 50 ans. La grande majorité n’a connu au cours de sa vie qu’une seule union corésidente, le plus souvent mariée. Parmi les générations nées trente ans après, dans les années 1960, un quart des hommes et des femmes de 50 ans ont déjà connu au moins deux unions. Les hommes reforment plus fréquemment un couple à tous les âges que l…
Les enfants à l’épreuve du premier confinement
During the first COVID-19 lockdown in France in the spring of 2020, schools were closed and all activities outside the home were suspended. Primary school children who found themselves confined to their homes adapted quite well to the change. They continued with their schoolwork and took advantage of their freedom to spend more time on daily activities. But for parents with low socio-economic status, the lockdown placed strain on family relations…
The Impact of Center-Based Childcare Attendance on Early Child Development
Proponents of early childhood education and care programs cite evidence that high-quality center-based childcare has positive impacts on child development, particularly for disadvantaged children. However, much of this evidence stems from randomized evaluations of small-scale intensive programs based in the United States and other Anglo/English-speaking countries. Evidence is more mixed with respect to widespread or universal center-based childca…
The Great Convergence
Over the past decades, men's and women's time use in industrialized nations has changed dramatically, suggesting a gender revolution. Women increased their time in paid work and reduced time in unpaid activities, while men increased their time in unpaid work, but not enough to compensate for women's retreat. We investigate developments regarding men's and women's unpaid work across Europe and the United States, using time diary data from the mid‐…
The flip side of marital specialization
New spouse, same chores? The division of household labor in consecutive unions
This article investigates domestic sphere investments, that is, housework and childcare time, of spouses in two consecutive relationships and aims to identify potential sources of variation. Economic reasoning would predict a learning effect from one partnership to the next, and hence less specialization in the domestic sphere in the second relationship. Prevailing gender norms or institutions, on the contrary, may prevent such adjustments in the…
Generations and Gender Survey (GGS)
The Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) is one of the two pillars of the Generations and Gender Programme designed to improve understanding of demographic and social development and of the factors that influence these developments. This article describ
Gender Differences in Time Use over the Life Course in France, Italy, Sweden, and the US
This contribution analyzes how men and women in France, Italy, Sweden, and the United States use their time over the life cycle and the extent to which societal and institutional contexts influence the gender division of labor. In order to test the hypothesis that contextual factors play a crucial role in shaping time allocation, this study considers countries that diverge considerably in terms of welfare state regime, employment and paid working…
The Great Convergence
Over the past decades, men's and women's time use in industrialized nations has changed dramatically, suggesting a gender revolution. Women increased their time in paid work and reduced time in unpaid activities, while men increased their time in unpaid work, but not enough to compensate for women's retreat. We investigate developments regarding men's and women's unpaid work across Europe and the United States, using time diary data from the mid‐…
The influence of employment uncertainty on childbearing in France
This paper investigates whether unemployment and insecure employment periods merely delay fertility or also impact on completed fertility in France. It analyses both the timing of first childbearing and the fertility reached at age 40. Different indica
Le temps domestique et parental des hommes et des femmes
Au cours des dernières décennies, l’organisation domestique a été affectée par des évolutions majeures, telles que la montée de l’activité féminine et du niveau d’instruction, ou la réduction de la taille des familles. Cet article analyse de quelle manière les temps domestiques et parentaux des hommes et des femmes ont été modifiés par ces transformations depuis 1985. Il étudie les évolutions des moyennes et des distributions de ces deux usages d…
Concilier, organiser, renoncer
Au-delà du débat virulent dans les milieux féministes sur l'utilisation du terme de conciliation, cet article établit un bilan de l'articulation famille-travail. Les arrangements entre famille et travail continuent à reposer majoritairement sur les femmes, de plus en plus au cours du cycle de vie. Les nouvelles organisations du travail et la segmentation du marché du travail entretiennent cette division sexuée. Les employeurs peuvent contribuer à…
Will the one who keeps the children keep the house?' Residential mobility after divorce by parenthood status and custody arrangements in France
After divorce, at least one of the partners usually relocates and, according to past research, it is more often the woman. Womenâ s housing conditions are likely to worsen. Divorces where children are involved are frequent and shared custody arrangements ar
Housework and Parenting during the Lockdowns in France
Pailhé Ariane, Solaz Anne, Wilner Lionel, EpiCov Équipe. Travail domestique et parental au fil des confinements en France : comment ont évolué les inégalités socio-économiques et de sexe ?/ Housework and Parenting during the Lockdowns in France: How Have Socio-Economic and Gender Inequalities Changed ?. In: Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, n°536-37, 2022. pp. 3-25
Racing Against the Biological Clock? Childbearing and Sterility Among Men and Women in Second Unions in France
The flip side of marital specialization
How Do Women and Men Use Extra Time? Housework and Childcare after the French 35-Hour Workweek Regulation
This paper analyses how and when men and women devote their extra time to childcare and housework by exploiting an exogenous shock in scheduling: the partial implementation of the 35-hour workweek reform in France. Using propensity score matching and the most recent time use survey (INSEE, 2010), we show that time reallocations differ by gender and day of the week. While men dedicate their extra time to performing more housework on weekdays in th…
Les hauts revenus en France au XXe siecle
Solaz Anne. T. Piketty — Les hauts revenus en France au XXe siecle : inegalites et redistributions; 1901-1998. In: Population, 57e annee, n°3, 2002. pp. 590-591
Part-Time Wage Penalties for Women in Prime Age
Using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for the year 2009, the authors evaluate how vertical and horizontal job segregation explains the differential between full-time and part-time pay for prime-age women in four European countries: Austria, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom. The selected countries are representative of different welfare state regimes, labor market regulations, and extents and forms of part-t…
Time with Children
The Impact of Center-Based Childcare Attendance on Early Child Development
Proponents of early childhood education and care programs cite evidence that high-quality center-based childcare has positive impacts on child development, particularly for disadvantaged children. However, much of this evidence stems from randomized evaluations of small-scale intensive programs based in the United States and other Anglo/English-speaking countries. Evidence is more mixed with respect to widespread or universal center-based childca…
Is the Family Size of Parents and Children Still Related? Revisiting the Cross-Generational Relationship Over the Last Century
In most developed countries, the fertility levels of parents and children are positively correlated. This article analyzes the strength of the intergenerational transmission of family size over the last century, including a focus on this reproduction in large and small families. Using the large-scale French Family Survey (2011), we show a weak but significant correlation of approximately 0.12–0.15, which is comparable with levels in other Western…
The Time Cost of Raising Children in Different Fertility Contexts
This article provides an original comparison of the time cost of children for the parental couple and for each parent in two European countries-France and Italy-that differ in terms of structural and normative constraints. Using time-use surveys carried out in 2008-2009 in Italy and in 2009-2010 in France, it investigates how Italian and French couples' time use varies quantitatively according to the number and the age of their children. We estim…
Professional outcomes of internal migration by couples
This article examines the impact of internal migration on the labour‐market participation and earnings of couples in France. The analysis is based on longitudinal data from the French version of the European Community Household Panel. Controlling for self‐selection of migrants, the results show that household income falls after migration, as does women's likelihood of being employed. Controlling for labour‐market participation, migration has a po…
Maternal Repartnering
Social policies, separation, and second birth spacing in Western Europe
This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether, and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries
Changes in Labour Market Status Surrounding Union Dissolution in France
In France, as in many other countries, union dissolution has become increasingly common over the last few decades. While the economic consequences of separation have generated an abundant international literature, research on this question is still rare in France, doubtless for lack of suitable data. This article analyses the labour force participation of men and women in the two years following the first separation. To obtain a sample of suffici…
Polarized adult fertility patterns following early parental death
Death of a parent during childhood has become rare in developed countries but remains an important life course event that may have consequences for family formation. This paper describes the link between parental death before age 18 and fertility outcomes in adulthood. Using the large national 2011 French Family Survey (INSEE-INED), we focus on the 1946-66 birth cohorts, for whom we observe entire fertility histories. The sample includes 11,854 r…
New spouse, same chores? The division of household labor in consecutive unions
This article investigates domestic sphere investments, that is, housework and childcare time, of spouses in two consecutive relationships and aims to identify potential sources of variation. Economic reasoning would predict a learning effect from one partnership to the next, and hence less specialization in the domestic sphere in the second relationship. Prevailing gender norms or institutions, on the contrary, may prevent such adjustments in the…
Is there a wage cost for employees in family‐friendly workplaces? The effect of different employer policies
This article assesses the wage impact of different family‐friendly employer policies: in‐kind or in‐cash child‐related benefits and flexible work schedule arrangements. We use French matched employee–employer data with a rich set of indicators of family‐friendly benefits, and we pay attention to the possible endogeneity of worker–employer matching. Our results show that the provision of in‐cash or in‐kind benefits is associated with higher wages …
De la naissance à l'école maternelle
En France, la politique de la petite enfance affiche l'objectif de laisser aux familles un large choix, afin que les parents puissent trouver un mode d'accueil adéquat et continuer ainsi leur activité professionnelle s'ils le souhaitent. Toutefois, certains modes d'accueil, comme les crèches, continuent d'être difficiles d'accès. Ces difficultés ont déjà été mises en avant avec des données en coupe. Les données de l'enquête Modes de garde et d'ac…
Les hauts revenus en France au XXe siecle
Solaz Anne. T. Piketty — Les hauts revenus en France au XXe siecle : inegalites et redistributions; 1901-1998. In: Population, 57e annee, n°3, 2002. pp. 590-591
Le temps parental est-il transferable entre conjoints
Le temps parental est-il transférable entre conjoints
Le temps parental est généralement mieux partagé entre conjoints que les autres tâches domestiques. Cela signifie-t-il que les temps de la mère et du père sont substituables ou bien complémentaires ? Afin d’étudier les réallocations de temps entre conjoints, nous considérons le cas où le ménage connaît le chômage. À partir d’un modèle Tobit bivarié sur les données de l’enquête Emplois du temps (Insee, 1999), nous montrons que si les chômeurs, hom…
Comment les employeurs aident-ils leurs salariés à concilier travail et famille ?
Les mesures d’aide à la conciliation de la vie familiale et de la vie professionnelle proposées par les employeurs prennent plus fréquemment la forme de contributions financières que d’aides en nature. Elles sont d’autant plus répandues qu’elles sont ponctuelles. Ainsi les crèches d’entreprise restent très rares, alors que les employeurs estiment pourtant qu’il s’agit d’une mesure importante. Certains établissements permettent néanmoins des soupl…
Le chômage, fatalité ou nécessité
Generations and Gender Survey (GGS)
The Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) is one of the two pillars of the Generations and Gender Programme designed to improve understanding of demographic and social development and of the factors that influence these developments. This article describ
Professional outcomes of internal migration by couples
This article examines the impact of internal migration on the labour‐market participation and earnings of couples in France. The analysis is based on longitudinal data from the French version of the European Community Household Panel. Controlling for self‐selection of migrants, the results show that household income falls after migration, as does women's likelihood of being employed. Controlling for labour‐market participation, migration has a po…
Time with Children
Changes in Labour Market Status Surrounding Union Dissolution in France
In France, as in many other countries, union dissolution has become increasingly common over the last few decades. While the economic consequences of separation have generated an abundant international literature, research on this question is still rare in France, doubtless for lack of suitable data. This article analyses the labour force participation of men and women in the two years following the first separation. To obtain a sample of suffici…
Household production in a collective model
Concilier, organiser, renoncer
Au-delà du débat virulent dans les milieux féministes sur l'utilisation du terme de conciliation, cet article établit un bilan de l'articulation famille-travail. Les arrangements entre famille et travail continuent à reposer majoritairement sur les femmes, de plus en plus au cours du cycle de vie. Les nouvelles organisations du travail et la segmentation du marché du travail entretiennent cette division sexuée. Les employeurs peuvent contribuer à…
Les changements professionnels en France autour de la séparation conjugale
En France, comme dans de nombreux pays, les séparations conjugales ont fortement augmenté durant les dernières décennies. Si les conséquences économiques de la séparation ont donné lieu à une littérature internationale fournie, les recherches sur ce thème restent encore rares en France, sans doute par manque de données adéquates. Cet article analyse l'offre de travail des hommes et des femmes lors des deux années qui suivent la première séparatio…
Gender Differences in Time Use over the Life Course in France, Italy, Sweden, and the US
This contribution analyzes how men and women in France, Italy, Sweden, and the United States use their time over the life cycle and the extent to which societal and institutional contexts influence the gender division of labor. In order to test the hypothesis that contextual factors play a crucial role in shaping time allocation, this study considers countries that diverge considerably in terms of welfare state regime, employment and paid working…
Faut-il tourner la Paje
L’arrivée des enfants entraine souvent un retrait du marché du travail des femmes, favorisé par l’existence d’allocations de remplacement. Ce retrait, souvent temporaire, peut toutefois avoir des répercussions professionnelles. À partir de l’enquête du Céreq à dix ans auprès de la Génération 98, l’article évalue les conséquences professionnelles, pour les mères, de la réforme de la PAJE (Prestation d’Accueil du Jeune Enfant) qui, en 2004, a étend…
The influence of employment uncertainty on childbearing in France
This paper investigates whether unemployment and insecure employment periods merely delay fertility or also impact on completed fertility in France. It analyses both the timing of first childbearing and the fertility reached at age 40. Different indica
The economic impact of taking short parental leave
Chômage et vie en couple
Cet article établit un bilan des études économiques sur le lien entre le chômage et la vie en couple. Il questionne les relations bidirectionnelles qui peuvent exister au niveau microéconomique et macroéconomique. Le chômage affecte la vie de couple. Il retarde sa formation, modifie la division du travail au sein de la famille, et augmente le risque de dissolution. Les effets sont plus marqués pour les hommes. Inversement, une rupture conjugale a…
Racing Against the Biological Clock? Childbearing and Sterility Among Men and Women in Second Unions in France
Which Children Stabilize Marriage
Part-Time Wage Penalties for Women in Prime Age
Using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for the year 2009, the authors evaluate how vertical and horizontal job segregation explains the differential between full-time and part-time pay for prime-age women in four European countries: Austria, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom. The selected countries are representative of different welfare state regimes, labor market regulations, and extents and forms of part-t…
Le temps domestique et parental des hommes et des femmes
Au cours des dernières décennies, l’organisation domestique a été affectée par des évolutions majeures, telles que la montée de l’activité féminine et du niveau d’instruction, ou la réduction de la taille des familles. Cet article analyse de quelle manière les temps domestiques et parentaux des hommes et des femmes ont été modifiés par ces transformations depuis 1985. Il étudie les évolutions des moyennes et des distributions de ces deux usages d…
Do children of the first marriage deter divorce
Synthèse sur une question de population
Les mutilations génitales féminines (MGF), qui désignent toutes les formes d’interventions non thérapeutiques aboutissant à une ablation ou une altération des organes génitaux féminins, ont des conséquences délétères sur la santé. En 2016, elles concernent plus de 200 millions de femmes et filles dans le monde selon l’Unicef. Cet article fait le point sur l’état des connaissances récentes en matière de prévalence de ces pratiques et sur l’état de…
Social policies, separation, and second birth spacing in Western Europe
This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether, and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries
De la naissance à l'école maternelle
En France, la politique de la petite enfance affiche l'objectif de laisser aux familles un large choix, afin que les parents puissent trouver un mode d'accueil adéquat et continuer ainsi leur activité professionnelle s'ils le souhaitent. Toutefois, certains modes d'accueil, comme les crèches, continuent d'être difficiles d'accès. Ces difficultés ont déjà été mises en avant avec des données en coupe. Les données de l'enquête Modes de garde et d'ac…
Political science (29 works) · Economics (28 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (26 works) · Demographic economics (25 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (22 works) · Sociology (21 works) · Psychology (20 works) · Social Policies and Family (18 works) · Demography (16 works) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (16 works)