Alistair Woodward
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3857540 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Alistair Woodward |
| NOMBRES | Alistair |
| APELLIDO | Woodward |
| FIRMA | WOODWARD A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Auckland |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5425-6018 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 96 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Balancing short-term and long-term climate-health equity strategies
In this conceptual paper, we propose an integrated framework to support and accelerate joint action on climate change and health equity. We introduce a ‘healthy climate, healthy people’ framework, designed to support the complex task of synchronising these two significant justice challenges. The framework includes four domains for joint action: (1) Health in all climate mitigation policies; (2) Mitigation with health equity ‘co-benefits’; (3) Pro…
Anthropogenic climate change contributed to excess dengue risk related to hydrometeorological conditions in Brazil and China
Different futures ahead
Population health, health equity and health system impacts of light vehicle electrification
BACKGROUND: Electrification of the light vehicle fleet is a core component of decarbonisation policy globally. As transport is an important determinant of health, this process will likely impact a range of pathways to population health, outside of averted climate change. METHODS: A transport-health multistate lifetable model for Aotearoa/New Zealand was used to model changes in the vehicle fleet and transport behaviour patterns that could be expe…
Street Trees and Public Health
Anchored in pacific protocols – climate change, mental health and wellbeing
While the Pacific region stands at the forefront of climate change related impacts, we need to hear from those most affected especially in terms of the mental health and wellbeing impacts for our Pacific communities. This exploratory study is led and carried out by Pacific and Indigenous researchers with Pacific peoples and seeks to place Pacific voices front and centre of its practice and analysis. This multi-country study was undertaken with Pa…
Daily Temperatures and Child Hospital Admissions in Aotearoa New Zealand
The influence of global climate change on temperature-related health outcomes among vulnerable populations, particularly young children, is underexplored. Using a case time series design, we analysed 647,000 hospital admissions of children aged under five years old in New Zealand, born between 2000 and 2019. We explored the relationship between daily maximum temperatures and hospital admissions across 2139 statistical areas. We used quasi-Poisson…
Everyone rides together, everyone rolls together
In this study, we use a strengths-based approach to explore the ways that walking and cycling are practised and promoted in Māngere and Ōtara, two ethnically diverse, lower-income suburbs of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Using practice theory and positioning our research within a growing body of work on marginalised mobility cultures and the ‘human infrastructure’ of active transport, we find that family-centred, inclusive events; holistic prom…
Climate change, mental health and wellbeing
Impacts of climate change in the Pacific are far reaching and include effects on mental health and wellbeing. Pacific concepts around the interrelation of these global giants are yet to be described. The aim of this study was to seek consensus amongst Pacific mental health and/or climate change experts on key principles underpinning mental health and wellbeing, and climate change, and the intersection of the two, for Pacific peoples. The Delphi m…
Trees, Climate Change, and Health
The In Conversation: Boundary, Spanners, Thinkers and Policy Actors Round Table Series provides a platform for researchers, policy actors, and implementation experts to elevate discussion on emerging issues, present new and upcoming research, and facilitate conversations around impacts and possible solutions. This brief report, on trees, climate change, and health, reflects a conversation between the authors of this paper, along with supporting l…
Diverse approaches to conceptualising positive ageing
To be realistic and meaningful, positive ageing conceptualisations should involve a diverse range of perspectives. Yet, problematically, perspectives are often distinguished as ‘researcher versus older adult’. In this scoping review, we suggest that distinguishing perspectives based on the data collection and interpretation approach is more meaningful. Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, we explored diverse positive ageing l…
Te Ara Mua – Future Streets
We aim to understand how a streetscape intervention, Te Ara Mua- Future Streets, designed to improve the ease and safety of active modes, influenced perceptions of neighbourhood safety and security in Māngere, New Zealand. In this controlled intervention study, survey, focus group and in-depth interview data on neighbourhood perceptions were gathered from adults and children in 2014 and 2017, before and after the intervention. General Linear Mixe…
The Impact of Transport on Population Health and Health Equity for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand
The current transport system in NZ, like many other car-dominated transport systems, has substantial negative impacts on health, at a similar level to the effects of tobacco and obesity. Transport contributes to health inequity, as Māori bear greater shares of the negative health impacts. Creating a healthier transport system would bring substantial benefits for health, society and the economy
Burning embers
Since 2001, a synthesizing element in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports has been a summary of how risks in a particular system could change with additional warming above pre-industrial levels, generally accompanied by a figure called the burning embers. We present a first effort to develop burning embers for climate change risks for heat-related morbidity and mortality, ozone-related mortality, malaria, diseases carried…
The Effect of Route Choice in Children’s Exposure to Ultrafine Particles Whilst Walking to School
Children walking to school are at a high risk of exposure to air pollution compared with other modes because of the time they spend in close proximity to traffic during their commute. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a walker's route choice on their exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) on the walk to school. During morning commutes over a period of three weeks, exposure to UFP was measured along three routes: two routes were…
Socioeconomic Status and Route Characteristics in Relation to Children’s Exposure to Air Pollution from Road Traffic While Walking to School in Auckland, New Zealand
Pedestrian exposure to traffic-related air pollution depends on many factors; including the nature of the traffic on nearby roads and the route characteristics. In this study, we investigated the effects of differences in vehicle fleet and transport infrastructure on children's exposure to traffic-related air pollution during their morning walk to school in Auckland, New Zealand. Five pairs of routes to schools-each including a low and a high soc…
Prospective impact of tobacco eradication and overweight and obesity eradication on future morbidity and health-adjusted life expectancy
BACKGROUND: Interventions that reduce morbidity, in addition to mortality, warrant prioritisation. It is important to understand the magnitude of potential morbidity and health gains from changing risk factor distributions. We quantified the impact of tobacco compared with overweight/obesity eradication on future morbidity and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for the New Zealand population alive in 2011. METHODS: Business-as-usual (BAU) fut…
How to Organize Public Health
How to Organize Public Health? Alistair Woodward PhD, MB Affiliation The author is with the School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent to Alistair Woodward, PhD, MB, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (e-mail: [email protected]). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the “Reprints” lin…
A Cost Benefit Analysis of an Active Travel Intervention with Health and Carbon Emission Reduction Benefits
Active travel (walking and cycling) is beneficial for people’s health and has many co-benefits, such as reducing motor vehicle congestion and pollution in urban areas. There have been few robust evaluations of active travel, and very few studies have valued health and emissions outcomes. The ACTIVE before-and-after quasi-experimental study estimated the net benefits of health and other outcomes from New Zealand’s Model Communities Programme using…
Controlled before-after intervention study of suburb-wide street changes to increase walking and cycling
While building on previous natural experiments, Te Ara Mua - Future Streets is unique in testing an intervention designed by the research team, community and transport investors together; including a wide range of objective outcome measures; and having an equity focus. When undertaking integrated intervention studies of this kind, a careful balance is needed between epidemiological imperatives, the constraints of transport funding and implementat…
Heated tobacco products
This Special Issue is focused on IQOS, electronic devices that offer yet another nicotine delivery alternative to smoking regular tobacco cigarettes. IQOS are designed to heat rather than burn tobacco, and represent somewhat of a hybrid of a regular cigarette and an electronic cigarette. Little is known about the toxicity and the public health impact of these products, relative to both the combustible cigarettes and other nicotine delivery produc…
National Government Denial of Climate Change and State and Local Public Health Action in a Federalist System
An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about climate change denial under the leadership of U.S. President Donald Trump, and it mentions greenhouse gas and climate change mitigation efforts by governments in American states and municipalities. The relationship between public health and climate change is assessed, along with greenhouse gas emissions in China, Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement, and I…
Climate Change, Hurricanes, and Health
An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about public health and climate change in relation to various natural disasters such as Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, and it mentions several other articles which appear in the same issue of the journal and deal with topics such as the causal contributions of severe and extreme weather events to climate change and various health consequences. Storm severity, vector-borne diseases,…
Beyond 'bikelash
This article explores the phenomenon of ‘bikelash’, or organised community opposition to cycle lanes. Urban residents commonly cite bicycle lanes, a space on the road reserved for cyclists, as the infrastructure most likely to encourage them to cycle. Yet the introduction of cycle lanes is often controversial. This article explores the phenomenon of bikelash, asking: Why does it occur? And what are the best ways to respond to it? A critical revie…
Systematic literature review of built environment effects on physical activity and active transport – an update and new findings on health equity
Widening ethnic mortality disparities in New Zealand 1981-99
Beyond 'bikelash
This article explores the phenomenon of ‘bikelash’, or organised community opposition to cycle lanes. Urban residents commonly cite bicycle lanes, a space on the road reserved for cyclists, as the infrastructure most likely to encourage them to cycle. Yet the introduction of cycle lanes is often controversial. This article explores the phenomenon of bikelash, asking: Why does it occur? And what are the best ways to respond to it? A critical revie…
Why reduce health inequalities
It is well known that social, cultural and economic factors cause substantial inequalities in health. Should we strive to achieve a more even share of good health, beyond improving the average health status of the population? We examine four arguments for the reduction of health inequalities. 1 Inequalities are unfair. Inequalities in health are undesirable to the extent that they are unfair, or unjust. Distinguishing between health inequalities …
Retrofitting houses with insulation to reduce health inequalities
Third sector primary care for vulnerable populations
Acute respiratory illness in Adelaide children
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the relation between passive smoking and childhood acute respiratory illness. DESIGN--The study involved an initial postal survey on a random sample of children followed by a case-control study based on the survey. A respiratory illness score was calculated from maternal reports of episodes of illness in the previous 12 months. SETTING--The study was a population survey based on Adelaide metropolitan ar…
National Government Denial of Climate Change and State and Local Public Health Action in a Federalist System
An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about climate change denial under the leadership of U.S. President Donald Trump, and it mentions greenhouse gas and climate change mitigation efforts by governments in American states and municipalities. The relationship between public health and climate change is assessed, along with greenhouse gas emissions in China, Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement, and I…
Air pollution and mortality in New Zealand
BACKGROUND: Few cohort studies of the health effects of urban air pollution have been published. There is evidence, most consistently in studies with individual measurement of social factors, that more deprived populations are particularly sensitive to air pollution effects. METHODS: Records from the 1996 New Zealand census were anonymously and probabilistically linked to mortality data, creating a cohort study of the New Zealand population follo…
Adapting to climate change to sustain health
Adaptation is necessary because climate change has gained considerable momentum. Deep cuts in emissions must be made rapidly to avoid warming of 2° above preindustrial levels but this is most unlikely, given present trends. It is possible that warming may in fact reach 4°C or more by 2100. Risks to health result principally from the effects of climate change on local food production, severity and frequency of storms and floods, threats to water s…
The effect of eradicating poverty on childhood unintentional injury mortality in New Zealand
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of household income on unintentional injury mortality in children and to model the potential impact of eradicating income poverty as an injury prevention strategy. METHODS: A national retrospective cohort study linking census to mortality records carried out in New Zealand during a 3-year period following the 1991 census and including children aged 0-14 years on census night. The main ou…
Confounding by socioeconomic position remains after adjusting for neighbourhood deprivation
Many exposure-outcome relations are likely to be overestimated due to residual confounding by socioeconomic position if only one socioeconomic factor is adjusted for
Everyone rides together, everyone rolls together
In this study, we use a strengths-based approach to explore the ways that walking and cycling are practised and promoted in Māngere and Ōtara, two ethnically diverse, lower-income suburbs of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Using practice theory and positioning our research within a growing body of work on marginalised mobility cultures and the ‘human infrastructure’ of active transport, we find that family-centred, inclusive events; holistic prom…
Climate Change, Hurricanes, and Health
An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about public health and climate change in relation to various natural disasters such as Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, and it mentions several other articles which appear in the same issue of the journal and deal with topics such as the causal contributions of severe and extreme weather events to climate change and various health consequences. Storm severity, vector-borne diseases,…
Heat, cold and climate change
Heat is the most direct route from climate change to human health. The links between high temperatures and increased mortality and morbidity have been described in great detail in many settings around the world,1 and the physiological mechanisms are well understood.2 The effects are frequently magnified when there are consecutive days of very high temperatures (heat waves). Indeed extreme events such as the European heat wave of 2003 may provide …
Time trends in motorcycle accidents in Britain
Motorcycle accidents constitute a major cause of death and disability among the young. This paper draws on routinely collected data to describe the trends for motorcycling and motorcycle accidents in Britain between 1951 and 1980. The level of risk (calculated as motorcyclist fatalities per motorcycle kilometre travelled) has fallen, but this effect has been overwhelmed by changes in motorcycle use. The paper discusses some of the factors that ma…
Time trends in motorcycle accidents in Britain
Motorcycle accidents constitute a major cause of death and disability among the young. This paper draws on routinely collected data to describe the trends for motorcycling and motorcycle accidents in Britain between 1951 and 1980. The level of risk (calculated as motorcyclist fatalities per motorcycle kilometre travelled) has fallen, but this effect has been overwhelmed by changes in motorcycle use. The paper discusses some of the factors that ma…
Acute respiratory illness in Adelaide children
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the relation between passive smoking and childhood acute respiratory illness. DESIGN--The study involved an initial postal survey on a random sample of children followed by a case-control study based on the survey. A respiratory illness score was calculated from maternal reports of episodes of illness in the previous 12 months. SETTING--The study was a population survey based on Adelaide metropolitan ar…
Tobacco and children
Smoking in the Kingdom of Tonga
Tropospheric ozone
OBJECTIVE--To review the health effects of tropospheric ozone and discuss the implications for public health policy. DESIGN--Literature review and consultation with scientists in Australia and overseas. Papers in English or with English language abstracts were identified by Medline search from the international peer reviewed published reports. Those from the period 1980-93 were read systematically but selected earlier papers were also considered.…
Why reduce health inequalities
It is well known that social, cultural and economic factors cause substantial inequalities in health. Should we strive to achieve a more even share of good health, beyond improving the average health status of the population? We examine four arguments for the reduction of health inequalities. 1 Inequalities are unfair. Inequalities in health are undesirable to the extent that they are unfair, or unjust. Distinguishing between health inequalities …
How many deaths are caused by second hand cigarette smoke
OBJECTIVES To estimate the number of deaths attributable to second hand smoke (SHS), to distinguish attributable and potentially avoidable burdens of mortality, and to identify the most important sources of uncertainty in these estimates. METHOD A case study approach, using exposure and mortality data for New Zealand. RESULTS In New Zealand, deaths caused by past exposures to second hand smoke currently number about 347 per year. On the basis of …
Third sector primary care for vulnerable populations
Potential effect of population and climate changes on global distribution of dengue fever
Health Aspects of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Confounding by socioeconomic position remains after adjusting for neighbourhood deprivation
Many exposure-outcome relations are likely to be overestimated due to residual confounding by socioeconomic position if only one socioeconomic factor is adjusted for
Widening ethnic mortality disparities in New Zealand 1981-99
Retrofitting houses with insulation to reduce health inequalities
Effect of insulating existing houses on health inequality
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether insulating existing houses increases indoor temperatures and improves occupants' health and wellbeing. DESIGN: Community based, cluster, single blinded randomised study. SETTING: Seven low income communities in New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: 1350 households containing 4407 participants. INTERVENTION: Installation of a standard retrofit insulation package. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Indoor temperature and relative humidity,…
Legislation reduces exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in New Zealand bars by about 90
Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in New Zealand seems to have reduced exposure of bar patrons to SHS by about 90%. Residual exposures to SHS in bars do not result from illicit smoking indoors
After the smoke has cleared
The effects of the legislation change were favourable from a public health perspective. Areas for further investigation and possible regulation were identified such as SHS related pollution in semi-enclosed outdoor areas. The study adds to a growing body of literature documenting the positive impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation. The scientific and public health case for introducing comprehensive smoke-free legislation that covers all i…
The effect of eradicating poverty on childhood unintentional injury mortality in New Zealand
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of household income on unintentional injury mortality in children and to model the potential impact of eradicating income poverty as an injury prevention strategy. METHODS: A national retrospective cohort study linking census to mortality records carried out in New Zealand during a 3-year period following the 1991 census and including children aged 0-14 years on census night. The main ou…
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
Cyclists' attitudes toward policies encouraging bicycle travel
Utility cycling provides substantial health, environmental and economic benefits. Despite a favourable trend in leisure-time cycling, cycling is infrequently used for everyday travel needs in New Zealand. This study investigated cyclists' attitudes toward environmental and policy measures that would encourage them to cycle more, particularly for a trip to work. A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken using baseline data obtained from the Taupo …
Injuries to pedal cyclists on New Zealand roads, 1988-2007
The burden of fatal and hospitalised injuries among pedal cyclists is considerable and has been increasing over the last decade. This underscores the development of road safety and injury prevention programmes for cyclists alongside the cycling promotion strategies
Will teaching social sciences to medical students hasten health care reform? A commentary on Sales and Schlaff
Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke
Adapting to climate change to sustain health
Adaptation is necessary because climate change has gained considerable momentum. Deep cuts in emissions must be made rapidly to avoid warming of 2° above preindustrial levels but this is most unlikely, given present trends. It is possible that warming may in fact reach 4°C or more by 2100. Risks to health result principally from the effects of climate change on local food production, severity and frequency of storms and floods, threats to water s…
Medical Education in the 21st Century
This descriptive article examines the potential for student-led initiatives in international health to be better integrated with formal medical education systems. Students have embraced the challenges and opportunities provided by globalisation to take a leadership role on international issues. Medical students are involved with a diverse portfolio of international activities, including work to internationalise the medical curriculum, the establi…
Air pollution and mortality in New Zealand
BACKGROUND: Few cohort studies of the health effects of urban air pollution have been published. There is evidence, most consistently in studies with individual measurement of social factors, that more deprived populations are particularly sensitive to air pollution effects. METHODS: Records from the 1996 New Zealand census were anonymously and probabilistically linked to mortality data, creating a cohort study of the New Zealand population follo…
Medicine (48 obras) · Environmental health (39 obras) · Geography (24 obras) · Population (20 obras) · Climate Change and Health Impacts (19 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Business (16 obras) · Air Quality and Health Impacts (15 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Public health (14 obras)