J R Warren
Biographic Data
| ID | 5113 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J R Warren |
| GIVEN NAMES | J R |
| FAMILY NAME | Warren |
| SIGNATURE | WARREN J R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6079-5122 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 64 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1040 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 64 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Early-Life Bilingualism and Midlife Cognitive Health
This study examines the relationship between early-life bilingualism and midlife cognitive health. Using data from the 1980, 1982, and 2021 waves of High School and Beyond: 1980 (N ≈ 13,980), we find that bilingual adults show higher midlife cognition scores, but the association weakens after adjusting for early-life academic achievement and educational expectations. Becoming bilingual before school entry is not associated with stronger midlife c…
Human capital and racial and ethnic gaps in mid-life labor market outcomes
The Ipums multigenerational longitudinal panel
The IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel (MLP) is a longitudinal population panel that links American censuses, surveys, administrative sources, and vital records spanning the period from 1850 to the present. This article explains the rationale for IPUMS MLP, outlines the design of the infrastructure, and describes the linking methods used to construct the panel. We then detail our plans for expansion and improvement of MLP over the next fi…
A New Residual Approach for Estimating Undocumented Populations
Demographers generally agree that the total undocumented population in the United States increased from 3.5 million in 1990 to about 12 million in 2008 and declined from 2008 to 2010. The consensus breaks down after 2010, however, with three of the five organizations that derive annual estimates of the population showing increases from 2010 to 2018 and two organizations reporting substantial declines over the period. The primary reason for this d…
Do high school experiences shape midlife body weight
Intergenerational occupational mobility and health in the United States
Distinctively black names and mechanisms of discrimination
What were the effects of having a distinctively African American-sounding name on educational attainment, occupation, income, marital status, and longevity in early 20th century America? How did those effects differ for people based on their phenotypical race/ethnicity? The findings of contemporary research have shown racialized names to be related to negative outcomes such as job interview callbacks, birth outcomes, and teacher expectations. Fur…
Adolescent Facial Attractiveness and Later Life Morbidity, Cognition, and Mortality
Are associations between ratings of adolescents’ attractiveness and their adult health, cognitive functioning, and longevity plausibly causal, or are they confounded by factors correlated with judgements about attractiveness? How do these processes differ for women and men? Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the authors estimate the impact of judgements about adolescent facial attractiveness on 35 cognitive, health, and mortality o…
Linking the 1940 U.S. Census to the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Objectives The 1940 Census is a valuable resource for understanding various aspects of historical populations in the United States. Recently, the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project integrated 1940 Census data into its extensive data set, providing researchers with an opportunity to explore new avenues of life course investigation. We leverage the newly introduced measures of childhood residential environment and evaluate their potenti…
Panel Conditioning Biases in the Current Population Survey’s Food Security Supplement
We estimate the extent to which the methodological problem called panel conditioning biases the federal government’s estimates of the prevalence of food insecurity in the United States. To do so, we use 2002 through 2020 data from the Current Population Survey’s Food Security Supplement—the same data used to produce the federal government’s annual statistics about food insecurity. We take advantage of the CPS’s rotating panel design feature to es…
Describing and explaining age, period, and cohort trends in Americans’ vocabulary knowledge
Family deaths in the early life course and their association with later educational attainment in a longitudinal cohort study
Early life exposure to cigarette smoking and adult and old-age male mortality
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a leading cause of premature death across contemporary developed nations, but few longitudinal individual-level studies have examined the long-term health consequences of exposure to smoking. OBJECTIVE: We examine the effect of fetal and infant exposure to exogenous variation in smoking, brought about by state-level cigarette taxation, on adulthood and old-age mortality (ages 55-73) among cohorts of boys born in the United …
Effect of childhood proximity to lead mining on late life cognition
Proximity to lead mining in childhood had long-term effects on late life memory/attention decline and language/executive function, reflecting a possible latent influence of lead exposure. More research is needed to understand behavioral and biological pathways underlying this relationship
Does participating in a long-term cohort study impact research subjects’ longevity? Experimental evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
There is considerable evidence that the act of participating in a survey can alter participants' attitudes, behaviors, and other outcomes in meaningful ways. Considering findings that this form of panel conditioning also impacts health behaviors and outcomes, we investigated the effect of participating in an intensive half-century-long cohort study on participants' longevity. To do so, we used data from a 1957 survey of more than 33,000 Wisconsin…
Association of Weight at Different Ages and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Adults in the US
Objective: Assess the association of BMI and BMI change with mortality. Methods: Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) on participants born mainly in 1939 ( n =4922), we investigated the associations between various measures of BMI across the life course (age 54 BMI; age 65 BMI; age 72 BMI; lifetime maximum BMI; BMI change between ages 54 and 65; BMI change between ages 65 and 72) and mortality. We also assessed whether these ass…
Childhood growth and socioeconomic outcomes in early adulthood evidence from the inter-war United States
Childhood malnutrition and its later life effects were important concerns in European and North American social policy in the early twentieth century. However, there have been few studies of the long-term socioeconomic consequences of malnutrition in childhood. We use a unique longitudinal dataset to provide credible causal estimates of the effects of childhood nutrition on early-adult educational and employment outcomes. Our dataset includes 2,4…
The Validity and Reliability of Retrospective Measures of Childhood Socioeconomic Status in the Health and Retirement Study
Researchers who rely on retrospective indicators of childhood SES from the HRS should be aware of their measurement properties. They are measured with error, and that error modestly attenuates estimates of their associations with later-life outcomes. However, prospective and retrospective measures of childhood SES have similar predictive validity. These findings should reassure researchers who rely on retrospective measures of childhood SES in th…
You’re Not from around Here”
We examine the socioeconomic consequences of discrimination against people of Southern origins during the US Great Migration of the first half of the twentieth century. We ask whether people living in the American North and Midwest in 1940 fared worse with respect to education, occupation, and income if they were perceived to be of Southern origins. We also assess variation in these effects across racial groups and across actual region of origin …
Long-Term Effects of Local-Area New Deal Work Relief in Childhood on Educational, Economic, and Health Outcomes Over the Life Course
The economic characteristics of one's childhood neighborhood have been found to determine long-term well-being. Policies enacted during childhood may change neighborhood trajectories and thus impact long-term outcomes for children. We use individual-level data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study to examine the enduring consequences of childhood exposure to local-area New Deal emergency employment work-relief activity. Our outcomes include adole…
Continuing Education and Stratification at Midlife
We ask whether patterns of racial ethnic and socioeconomic stratification in educational attainment are amplified or attenuated when we take a longer view of educational careers. We propose a model of staged advantage to understand how educational inequalities evolve over the life course. Distinct from cumulative advantage, staged advantage asserts that inequalities in education ebb and flow over the life course as the population at risk of makin…
The Effects of Education on Mortality
Does education change people’s lives in a way that delays mortality? Or is education primarily a proxy for unobserved endowments that promote longevity? Most scholars conclude that the former is true, but recent evidence based on Danish twin data calls this conclusion into question. Unfortunately, these potentially field-changing findings—that obtaining additional schooling has no independent effect on survival net of other hard-to-observe charac…
Which Aspects of Education Matter for Early Adult Mortality? Evidence from the High School and Beyond Cohort
What dimensions of education matter for people's chances of surviving young adulthood? Do cognitive skills, noncognitive skills, course-taking patterns, and school social contexts matter for young adult mortality, even net of educational attainment? The authors analyze data from High School and Beyond, a nationally representative cohort of about 25,000 high school students first interviewed in 1980. Many dimensions of education are associated wit…
Late-stage educational inequality
Tracking Health Inequalities from High School to Midlife
Educational gradients in health status, morbidity, and mortality are well established, but which aspects of schooling produce those gradients is only partially understood. We draw on newly available data from the midlife follow-up of the High School and Beyond sophomore cohort to analyze the relationship between students' level of coursework in high school and their long-term health outcomes. We additionally evaluate the mediating roles of skill …
Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations
Following a review of the history and sources of socioeconomic indexes for occupations, we estimate a new set of indexes for 1990 Census occupation lines, based on relationships between the prestige ratings obtained by Nakao and Treas in the 1989 General Social Survey and characteristics of occupational incumbents in the 1990 Census. We also investigate theoretical and empirical relationships among socioeconomic and prestige indexes, using data f…
Occupational Stratification across the Life Course
Sociologists frequently study changes across cohorts in the consequences of family background, gender, education, and cognitive ability for occupational outcomes. This study focuses, however, on how the consequences of these variables change within the course of individuals' lives. To appropriately estimate changes across the life course in the determinants of occupational standing, corrections are made for measurement errors in variables, and da…
Social Stratification across Three Generations
While two-generation studies provide important insights into how social and economic advantages and disadvantages are passed from one generation to the next, much less attention has been paid to stratification over three or more generations. In a regression analysis of several thousand parents who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957, the authors found that the schooling, occupational status, and income of grandparents have few significa…
Testing and Social Stratification in American Education
We focus on how standardized testing in American education has reflected, reproduced, and transformed social inequalities. We begin by describing inequalities in test score distributions by race/ethnicity, social origins, and gender over time. We then define learning, cognitive ability, and opportunity to learn, each of which influences the results of standardized tests. Next, we offer a brief history of standardized testing's role in American ed…
Unauthorized Immigration to the United States
We describe a method for producing annual estimates of the unauthorized immigrant population in the United Sates and components of population change, for each state and DC, for 1990–2010. We quantify a sharp drop in the number of unauthorized immigrants arriving since 2000, and we demonstrate the role of departures from the population (emigration, adjustment to legal status, removal by the Department of Homeland Security [DHS], and deaths) in red…
Choosing a Measure of Occupational Standing
Does the choice of measure of occupational standing affect inferences about gender differences in occupational attainment? The authors use data from the 1994 General Social Survey and the 1986-1988 Survey of Income and Program Participation to analyze the role of gender in the process of occupational attainment 15 times, each time using a different measure of occupational standing. Composite indexes of occupational standing are too heterogeneous …
Socioeconomic Status and Health across the Life Course
This research investigates the merits of the "social causation" and "health selection" explanations for associations between socioeconomic status and self-reported overall health, musculoskeletal health and depression. Using data that include information about individuals' SES and health from childhood through late adulthood, I employ structural equation models that account for errors in measured variables and that allow for explicit tests of var…
Job characteristics as mediators in SES-health relationships
Do Different Methods for Modeling Age-Graded Trajectories Yield Consistent and Valid Results
Data on age-sequenced trajectories of individuals’ attributes are used for a growing number of research purposes. However, there is no consensus about which method to use to identify the number of discrete trajectories in a population or to assign individuals to a specific trajectory group. The authors modeled real and simulated trajectory data using “naïve” methods, optimal matching, grade of membership models, and three types of finite-mixture …
The impact of adolescent employment on high school dropout
Panel Conditioning in Longitudinal Social Science Surveys
Social scientists usually assume that the attitudes, behaviors, and statuses of respondents to longitudinal surveys are not altered by the act of measuring them. If this assumption is false-or even if the quality of survey participants' responses change because of measurement-then social scientists risk mischaracterizing the existence, magnitude, and correlates of changes across survey waves in respondents' characteristics. In this article, we ma…
Precarious Employment, Bad Jobs, Labor Unions, and Early Retirement
Results provide some support for hypotheses derived from theories of cumulative stratification, suggesting that earlier employment experiences should influence retirement outcomes indirectly through later-life characteristics. However, midlife employment experiences remain associated with earlier retirement, net of more temporally proximate correlates, highlighting the need for further theorization and empirical evaluation of the mechanisms throu…
Employment during High School
High school students who work intensively at paid jobs tend to have lower grades in academic courses. Prior research has not properly tested theories about the source of the relationship between student employment and grades (or other outcomes), and has not explicitly modeled the potentially reciprocal nature of this relationship. We focus on both the short- and long-term effects of adolescent employment on grades in academic courses and simultan…
Educational Inequality among White and Mexican-Origin Adolescents in the American Southwest
L'A. affirme que les adolescents d'origine mexicaine ont une moins bonne reussite scolaire que les autres adolescents de race blanche non-mexicains. Il s'efforce d'isoler les causes de ce phenomene. Il presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees en 1990 dans le sud des Etats-Unis. Il examine le role d'un certain nombre de facteurs comme le statut social du chef de famille, son niveau d'instruction, son niveau de maitrise de la langue anglais…
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Student Employment and Academic Outcomes
Prior observers have consistently found a negative relationship between school performance and the intensity of high school students' employment. However, few observers have thought carefully enough about exactly why student employment and schooling outcomes are related. Most have used a zero-sum model of students' resource allocation to explain this relationship. The author identifies conceptual problems with the zero-sum model and proposes a so…
Labor market penalties for foreign degrees among college educated immigrants
Did Socioeconomic Inequalities in Morbidity and Mortality Change in the United States over the Course of the Twentieth Century
In this article we present two sets of empirical analyses that consider the extent to which socioeconomic gradients in self-assessed health and child mortality changed since the beginning of the twentieth century in the United States. This empirical issue has important and wide-ranging research and policy implications. In particular, our results speak to the value of considering the role of broader social, economic, and political inequalities in …
The Effects of Education on Mortality
Does education change people’s lives in a way that delays mortality? Or is education primarily a proxy for unobserved endowments that promote longevity? Most scholars conclude that the former is true, but recent evidence based on Danish twin data calls this conclusion into question. Unfortunately, these potentially field-changing findings—that obtaining additional schooling has no independent effect on survival net of other hard-to-observe charac…
Socioeconomic Reach and Heterogeneity in the Extended Family
Patterns and Trends in Grade Retention Rates in the United States, 1995–2010
Although grade retention may be consequential for a number of important educational and socioeconomic outcomes, we know surprisingly little about the actual rate at which students are made to repeat grades. We build on Hauser, Frederick, and Andrew’s 2007 measure of grade retention using data from the 1995 through 2010 Current Population Surveys. We make technical improvements to their measure, provide more recent estimates, and validate the meas…
Do job characteristics mediate the relationship between SES and health? Evidence from sibling models
Panel Conditioning in Longitudinal Studies
Does participating in a longitudinal survey affect respondents’ answers to subsequent questions about their labor force characteristics? In this article, we investigate the magnitude of panel conditioning or time-in-survey biases for key labor force questions in the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS). Using linked CPS records for household heads first interviewed between January 2007 and June 2010, our analyses are based on strategic within-…
First- Through Eighth-Grade Retention Rates for All 50 States
How many students repeat a grade each year? How do retention rates vary across states and over time? Despite extensive research on the predictors and consequences of grade retention, there is no systematic way to quantify state-level retention rates; even national estimates rely on imperfect proxy measures. We present a conceptually simple method—based on publicly available data that are routinely collected each year—that describes retention rate…
A Comparison of Single-Sex and Coeducational Catholic Secondary Schooling
Three questions were addressed using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. First, are there differences between single-sex and coeducational Catholic secondary school students in academic and social psychological outcomes? Second, do these differences especially favor young women in single-sex schools? Third, can student pre-enrollment differences account for apparent sector effects? The results indicated that single-sex …
Panel Conditioning in a Longitudinal Study of Illicit Behaviors
Journal Article Panel Conditioning in a Longitudinal Study of Illicit Behaviors Get access Andrew Halpern-Manners, Andrew Halpern-Manners * Andrew Halpern-Manners is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. John Robert Warren is a professor of sociology at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and training director at the Minnesota Population Center. Florencia Torche is an ass…
Educational Inequality among White and Mexican-Origin Adolescents in the American Southwest
L'A. affirme que les adolescents d'origine mexicaine ont une moins bonne reussite scolaire que les autres adolescents de race blanche non-mexicains. Il s'efforce d'isoler les causes de ce phenomene. Il presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees en 1990 dans le sud des Etats-Unis. Il examine le role d'un certain nombre de facteurs comme le statut social du chef de famille, son niveau d'instruction, son niveau de maitrise de la langue anglais…
Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations
Following a review of the history and sources of socioeconomic indexes for occupations, we estimate a new set of indexes for 1990 Census occupation lines, based on relationships between the prestige ratings obtained by Nakao and Treas in the 1989 General Social Survey and characteristics of occupational incumbents in the 1990 Census. We also investigate theoretical and empirical relationships among socioeconomic and prestige indexes, using data f…
A Comparison of Single-Sex and Coeducational Catholic Secondary Schooling
Three questions were addressed using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. First, are there differences between single-sex and coeducational Catholic secondary school students in academic and social psychological outcomes? Second, do these differences especially favor young women in single-sex schools? Third, can student pre-enrollment differences account for apparent sector effects? The results indicated that single-sex …
Social Stratification across Three Generations
While two-generation studies provide important insights into how social and economic advantages and disadvantages are passed from one generation to the next, much less attention has been paid to stratification over three or more generations. In a regression analysis of several thousand parents who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957, the authors found that the schooling, occupational status, and income of grandparents have few significa…
Choosing a Measure of Occupational Standing
Does the choice of measure of occupational standing affect inferences about gender differences in occupational attainment? The authors use data from the 1994 General Social Survey and the 1986-1988 Survey of Income and Program Participation to analyze the role of gender in the process of occupational attainment 15 times, each time using a different measure of occupational standing. Composite indexes of occupational standing are too heterogeneous …
Employment during High School
High school students who work intensively at paid jobs tend to have lower grades in academic courses. Prior research has not properly tested theories about the source of the relationship between student employment and grades (or other outcomes), and has not explicitly modeled the potentially reciprocal nature of this relationship. We focus on both the short- and long-term effects of adolescent employment on grades in academic courses and simultan…
Socioeconomic Reach and Heterogeneity in the Extended Family
Changes with Age in the Process of Occupational Stratification
Occupational Stratification across the Life Course
Sociologists frequently study changes across cohorts in the consequences of family background, gender, education, and cognitive ability for occupational outcomes. This study focuses, however, on how the consequences of these variables change within the course of individuals' lives. To appropriately estimate changes across the life course in the determinants of occupational standing, corrections are made for measurement errors in variables, and da…
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Student Employment and Academic Outcomes
Prior observers have consistently found a negative relationship between school performance and the intensity of high school students' employment. However, few observers have thought carefully enough about exactly why student employment and schooling outcomes are related. Most have used a zero-sum model of students' resource allocation to explain this relationship. The author identifies conceptual problems with the zero-sum model and proposes a so…
The impact of adolescent employment on high school dropout
Job characteristics as mediators in SES-health relationships
A Historical Perspective on High School Students’ Paid Employment and Its Association with High School Dropout
Is the Glass Emptying or Filling Up? Reconciling Divergent Trends in High School Completion and Dropout
Conclusions about levels and trends in high school dropout differ dramatically depending on whether dropout is measured using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) or from the Common Core of Data (CCD). Using CPS- and CCD-based drop-out measures for 16- to 19-year-olds—which differ solely in their estimates of the number of 16- to 19-year-olds holding high school credentials—the authors show that half of the differences in estimated drop-…
Modeling States' Enactment of High School Exit Examination Policies
We present five frameworks for explaining which U.S. states adopted high school exit examination policies at particular points in time. The frameworks correspond to issues of academic achievement, education spending, economic conditions, racial/ethnic heterogeneity and policy diffusion. Using event history techniques we find that states with higher unemployment rates and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minority youth are more likely to have a…
Did Socioeconomic Inequalities in Morbidity and Mortality Change in the United States over the Course of the Twentieth Century
In this article we present two sets of empirical analyses that consider the extent to which socioeconomic gradients in self-assessed health and child mortality changed since the beginning of the twentieth century in the United States. This empirical issue has important and wide-ranging research and policy implications. In particular, our results speak to the value of considering the role of broader social, economic, and political inequalities in …
Do job characteristics mediate the relationship between SES and health? Evidence from sibling models
Testing and Social Stratification in American Education
We focus on how standardized testing in American education has reflected, reproduced, and transformed social inequalities. We begin by describing inequalities in test score distributions by race/ethnicity, social origins, and gender over time. We then define learning, cognitive ability, and opportunity to learn, each of which influences the results of standardized tests. Next, we offer a brief history of standardized testing's role in American ed…
Socioeconomic Status and Health across the Life Course
This research investigates the merits of the "social causation" and "health selection" explanations for associations between socioeconomic status and self-reported overall health, musculoskeletal health and depression. Using data that include information about individuals' SES and health from childhood through late adulthood, I employ structural equation models that account for errors in measured variables and that allow for explicit tests of var…
Measuring High School Graduation Rates at the State Level
Recent evidence makes clear that states public high school graduation rates are well measured using information from the Common Core of Data (CCD). This article investigates the substantive consequences for the results of empirical analyses of using different CCD-based measures of states' public high school graduation rates. The authors show that substantive conclusions about the levels, correlates, and predictors of states' public high school gr…
Dynamic measures of primary and secondary school characteristics
The Effect of Minimum Wage Rates on High School Completion
Does increasing the minimum wage reduce the high school completion rate? Previous research has suffered from (1. narrow time horizons, (2. potentially inadequate measures of states' high school completion rates, and (3. potentially inadequate measures of minimum wage rates. Overcoming each of these limitations, we analyze the impact of changes in state and federal minimum wage rates on state high school completion rates for the graduating classes…
Precarious Employment, Bad Jobs, Labor Unions, and Early Retirement
Results provide some support for hypotheses derived from theories of cumulative stratification, suggesting that earlier employment experiences should influence retirement outcomes indirectly through later-life characteristics. However, midlife employment experiences remain associated with earlier retirement, net of more temporally proximate correlates, highlighting the need for further theorization and empirical evaluation of the mechanisms throu…
Panel Conditioning in a Longitudinal Study of Adolescents' Substance Use
Panel surveys are widely used in sociology to examine life-course trajectories and to assess causal effects. However, when using panel data researchers usually assume that the act of measuring respondents' attitudes and behaviors has no effect on the attributes being measured or on the accuracy of reports about those attributes. Evidence from cognitive psychology, marketing research, political science and other fields suggests that this assumptio…
Panel Conditioning in Longitudinal Studies
Does participating in a longitudinal survey affect respondents’ answers to subsequent questions about their labor force characteristics? In this article, we investigate the magnitude of panel conditioning or time-in-survey biases for key labor force questions in the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS). Using linked CPS records for household heads first interviewed between January 2007 and June 2010, our analyses are based on strategic within-…
Psychology (45 works) · Sociology (41 works) · Economics (35 works) · Population (34 works) · Demography (33 works) · Medicine (30 works) · Demographic economics (23 works) · Gerontology (23 works) · Demography (22 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (21 works)