William Rogers
Biographic Data
| ID | 715152 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William Rogers |
| GIVEN NAMES | William |
| FAMILY NAME | Rogers |
| SIGNATURE | ROGERS W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Flinders University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9186-870X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 61 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 40 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 61 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1953 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
What Can Feminist Epistemology Do for Surgery
Surgery is an important part of contemporary health care, but currently much of surgery lacks a strong evidence base. Uptake of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) methods within surgical research and among practitioners has been slow compared with other areas of medicine. Although this is often viewed as arising from practical and cultural barriers, it also reflects a lack of epistemic fit between EBM research methods and surgical practice. In this pa…
Rethinking the Vulnerability of Minority Populations in Research
The Belmont Report, produced in 1979 by a United States government commission, includes minority populations among its list of vulnerable research participants. In this article, we consider some previous attempts to understand the vulnerability of minorities in research, and then provide our own account. First we examine the question of the representation of minorities in research. Then we argue that the best understanding of minorities, vulnerab…
Why bioethics needs a concept of vulnerability
Concern for human vulnerability seems to be at the heart of bioethical inquiry, but the concept of vulnerability is under-theorized in the bioethical literature. The aim of this article is to show why bioethics needs an adequately theorized and nuanced conception of vulnerability. We first review approaches to vulnerability in research ethics and public health ethics, and show that the bioethical literature associates vulnerability with risk of h…
A preference-based measure of health
An ethical justification for the Chronic Care Model (CCM)
Background: Chronic diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Their effects can be mitigated by high quality evidence‐based care, but this is not the norm in most systems. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is an evidence‐based policy response to this practice gap, which uses multiple strategies to promote the quality of chronic care. Objective: To review CCM with an ethical lens. Methods: We reviewed the published em…
Including the public in pandemic planning
The recommendations from the forums suggest that the implementation of pandemic plans in a severe pandemic will be challenging, but not impossible. Implementation may be more successful if the public is engaged in pandemic planning before a pandemic, effective communication of key points is practiced before and during a pandemic and if judicious use is made of supportive measures to assist those in quarantine or affected by social isolation measu…
Discussion of Sexual Risk Behavior in HIV Care is Infrequent and Appears Ineffectual
Credit where credit is due? Regulation, research integrity and the attribution of authorship in the health sciences
Pandemic influenza communication
Objective To use a deliberative forum to elicit community perspectives on communication about pandemic influenza planning, and to compare these findings with the current Australian national communication strategy. Design Deliberative forum of 12 persons randomly selected from urban South Australia. Forum members were briefed by experts in infection control, virology, ethics and public policy before deliberating on four key questions: what, how an…
Requiring Influenza Vaccination for Health Care Workers
Annual influenza vaccination for health care workers has the potential to benefit health care professionals, their patients, and their families by reducing the transmission of influenza in the health care setting. Furthermore, staff vaccination programs are cost-effective for health care institutions because of reduced staff illness and absenteeism. Despite international recommendations and strong ethical arguments for annual influenza immunizati…
When is sex-specific research appropriate
Inclusion in research is a question of both scientific validity of research results and just distribution of the benefits of medical research within a community. Therefore, inappropriate exclusions from research can be regulated as a matter of science or a matter of ethics. In this paper we examine the definitions of appropriate/fair inclusion in the Australian and U.S. regulatory systems and discuss the processes for interpreting and implementin…
When is sex-specific research appropriate
Inclusion in research is a question of both scientific validity of research results and just distribution of the benefits of medical research within a community. Therefore, inappropriate exclusions from research can be regulated as a matter of science or a matter of ethics. In this paper we examine the definitions of appropriate/ fair inclusion in the Australian and U.S. regulatory systems and discuss the processes for interpreting and implementi…
Gender and trust in medicine
Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of me…
Gender and trust in medicine
Trust is taken to be one of the foundational values in the doctor–patient relationship, facilitating access to the benefits of health care and providing a guarantee against possible harms. Despite this foundational role, some doctors betray the trust of their patients. Trusting involves granting discretionary powers and makes the truster vulnerable to the trustee. Patients trust medical practitioners to act with goodwill and to act competently. S…
Populações especiais
Research with vulnerable participants raises a number of challenging issues for researchers and ethical review committees. Vulnerability arises when participants are relatively powerless compared with researchers. This may be due to extrinsic factors such as poverty or lack of education, or intrinsic factors such as severe illness or intellectual disability. Vulnerable participants risk increased harm from research because they are unable to prot…
Special populations
Research with vulnerable participants raises a number of challenging issues for researchers and ethical review committees. Vulnerability arises when participants are relatively powerless compared with researchers. This may be due to extrinsic factors such as poverty or lack of education, or intrinsic factors such as severe illness or intellectual disability. Vulnerable participants risk increased harm from research because they are unable to prot…
Trust in the health system
Social theory provides a lens through which we can analyse the role of trust in health systems. However, the majority of theoretically informed trust literature addresses ‘institutional’ or ‘interpersonal’ trust individually, failing to investigate trust as determined by a ‘web’ of mutually interacting relationships between individuals and social systems. Current theoretical assumptions are also problematic as they fail to recognise the role that…
A Book of Its Time
Change in health status and mortality as indicators of outcomes
Problems, Policies and Ethics in Health Care
There are three factors necessary for the successful implementation of a policy. First, a problem has to be identified in a way that invites action. Second, there must be a policy that fits the problem in question. And third, there must be the political will to tackle the problem with the policy. Each of these factors is necessary but not sufficient for policy development; implementation requires a happy conjunction of all three. To date there ha…
Who should we treat? Rights, Rationing and Resources in the NHS
By Christopher Newdick , Oxford University Press , 2005 , 2nd ed . HB £55 , 278 pp. ISBN HB 0-19-926417-1 ; PB £24.99 , 278 pp. ISBN PB 0-19-926418-X The first edition of this valuable book provided a overview of the legal framework around, and the organizational structures of the NHS. Along the way, the rights of patients within the system were explained, and commentary provided on inevitable conflicts that occur between efficiency and equity. T…
Risk-Adjusted Mortality as an Indicator of Outcomes
BACKGROUND: The Medicare Advantage Program (MAP) and the Veterans' Health Administration (VHA) currently provide many services that benefit the elderly, and a comparative study of their risk-adjusted mortality rates has the potential to provide important information regarding these 2 systems of care. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective study was to compare mortality rates between the MAP and the VHA after controlling for case-mix diffe…
Planning older people's discharge from acute hospital care
This paper reports findings from a pilot qualitative study which aimed to develop a methodology to explore older patients' participation in discharge decision-making. The study involved 5 months' ward-based observation and formal interviews with older patients and ward staff in a care of the elderly department of a district general hospital in Scotland. A purposive sample of 22 older patients was recruited, selected to give adequate representatio…
The New Consultation
By David Pendleton, Theo Schofield, Peter Tate and Peter Havelock. Oxford University Press, 2003, PB £19.95, 143 pp. ISBN 0-19-263288-4 The Consultation–An Approach to Learning and Teaching was first published in 1984. Since then, communications skills have been introduced widely at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and the concept of patient-centred medicine has become an accepted part of general practice education. In this revised edition,…
Does Evidence-Based Medicine Offer Fair Benefits for All
Evidence-based medicine has the potential to offer objectivity and standardized practices into an often subjective decision-making process
Trust in the health system
Social theory provides a lens through which we can analyse the role of trust in health systems. However, the majority of theoretically informed trust literature addresses ‘institutional’ or ‘interpersonal’ trust individually, failing to investigate trust as determined by a ‘web’ of mutually interacting relationships between individuals and social systems. Current theoretical assumptions are also problematic as they fail to recognise the role that…
Credit where credit is due? Regulation, research integrity and the attribution of authorship in the health sciences
Rethinking the Vulnerability of Minority Populations in Research
The Belmont Report, produced in 1979 by a United States government commission, includes minority populations among its list of vulnerable research participants. In this article, we consider some previous attempts to understand the vulnerability of minorities in research, and then provide our own account. First we examine the question of the representation of minorities in research. Then we argue that the best understanding of minorities, vulnerab…
Dollars, debts and duties
This study investigated changes in resource allocation and activities of Australian Divisions of General Practice associated with new funding procedures which link monies to nominated outcomes. The study involved analysis of annual reports and strategic plans, and semistructured telephone interviews with key personnel from 27 divisions of general practice. The main outcome measures were: number of activities in various nominated health areas; tot…
Autonomy, vulnerability and capacity
The UK Mental Capacity Act provides an important legislative framework for protecting persons who are vulnerable, by virtue of partial or total lack of capacity, from abuse, coercion, exploitation, disrespect or unwarranted intrusions on their privacy and liberty. In this article we argue, however, that in order to effectively implement the Act's governing principles and promote the autonomy of persons whose capacities are impaired, health and so…
What Can Feminist Epistemology Do for Surgery
Surgery is an important part of contemporary health care, but currently much of surgery lacks a strong evidence base. Uptake of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) methods within surgical research and among practitioners has been slow compared with other areas of medicine. Although this is often viewed as arising from practical and cultural barriers, it also reflects a lack of epistemic fit between EBM research methods and surgical practice. In this pa…
Requiring Influenza Vaccination for Health Care Workers
Annual influenza vaccination for health care workers has the potential to benefit health care professionals, their patients, and their families by reducing the transmission of influenza in the health care setting. Furthermore, staff vaccination programs are cost-effective for health care institutions because of reduced staff illness and absenteeism. Despite international recommendations and strong ethical arguments for annual influenza immunizati…
Ethical issues in public health
Study objective: To identify ethical issues encountered by staff in the development and implementation of public health activities at two sites in Scotland. Design: Qualitative research study involving face to face semi-structured interviews with participants. Setting: A public health directorate in a National Health Service Trust, and a public health demonstration project in child health. Participants: Health promotion specialists, managers, nur…
Professional Conferences
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Policy statement
Catholic Radicals in Brazil
Health Status, Sociodemographic Factors, and the Use of Prescribed Psychotropic Drugs
The relations among sociodemographic factors, health status, and use of prescribed sleeping pills and tranquilizers are examined. The data are from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, which has a random sample of the nonaged, noninstitutionalized, civilian population in six U.S. sites. Information on sociodemographic factors, health status, and the use of prescribed psychotropic drugs during the previous 3 months was obtained from self-report q…
The Validity and Relative Precision of MOS Short-, and Long- Form Health Status Scales and Dartmouth Coop Charts
This study estimated the validity and relative precision (RP) of four methods (MOS long- and short-form scales, global items, and COOP Poster Charts) in measuring six general health concepts. The authors also tested whether and how precisely each method discriminated relatively well adult patients (N = 638) from those with only severe chronic medical (N = 168) and only psychiatric conditions (N = 163), as clinically defined. For comparisons betwe…
Patient and Visit Characteristics Related to Physicians??? Participatory Decision-Making Style
This article identifies the characteristics of patients and office visits associated with decreased mutual decision-making between physicians and patients. In the baseline cross-sectional survey of the Medical Outcomes Study we measured specific patient characteristics hypothesized to influence participatory decision-making (PDM) styles of physicians. We related these characteristics to the PDM style scores for their physicians. The study was con…
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Served by the Department of Veterans Affairs
BACKGROUND: The Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VA) is the largest integrated single payer system in the United States. To date, there has been no systematic measurement of health status in the VA. The Veterans Health Study has developed methods to assess patient-based health status in ambulatory populations. OBJECTIVES: To describe the health status of veterans and examine the relationships between their health-related quality…
Comparing Generic and Disease-Specific Measures of Physical and Role Functioning
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the performance of generic measures of Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey physical functioning and role limitations with disease-specific measures of physical functioning and role limitations using specific disease attributions for chronic lung disease, chronic low back pain, and osteoarthritis of the knee. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Veterans Health Study among patients receiving Veter…
Dollars, debts and duties
This study investigated changes in resource allocation and activities of Australian Divisions of General Practice associated with new funding procedures which link monies to nominated outcomes. The study involved analysis of annual reports and strategic plans, and semistructured telephone interviews with key personnel from 27 divisions of general practice. The main outcome measures were: number of activities in various nominated health areas; tot…
Evidence‐based medicine in practice
Facilitating patient choice is an important element in respecting the autonomy of patients. Evidence‐based medicine has the potential to contribute to this process by the provision of high quality research‐based information, for use by patients and clinicians. In this paper, I analyse the processes of evidence‐based medicine in order to identify the ways in which patient choice is affected by decisions made in the development and use of evidence‐…
Planning older people's discharge from acute hospital care
This paper reports findings from a pilot qualitative study which aimed to develop a methodology to explore older patients' participation in discharge decision-making. The study involved 5 months' ward-based observation and formal interviews with older patients and ward staff in a care of the elderly department of a district general hospital in Scotland. A purposive sample of 22 older patients was recruited, selected to give adequate representatio…
The New Consultation
By David Pendleton, Theo Schofield, Peter Tate and Peter Havelock. Oxford University Press, 2003, PB £19.95, 143 pp. ISBN 0-19-263288-4 The Consultation–An Approach to Learning and Teaching was first published in 1984. Since then, communications skills have been introduced widely at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and the concept of patient-centred medicine has become an accepted part of general practice education. In this revised edition,…
Does Evidence-Based Medicine Offer Fair Benefits for All
Evidence-based medicine has the potential to offer objectivity and standardized practices into an often subjective decision-making process
Ethical issues in public health
Study objective: To identify ethical issues encountered by staff in the development and implementation of public health activities at two sites in Scotland. Design: Qualitative research study involving face to face semi-structured interviews with participants. Setting: A public health directorate in a National Health Service Trust, and a public health demonstration project in child health. Participants: Health promotion specialists, managers, nur…
Who should we treat? Rights, Rationing and Resources in the NHS
By Christopher Newdick , Oxford University Press , 2005 , 2nd ed . HB £55 , 278 pp. ISBN HB 0-19-926417-1 ; PB £24.99 , 278 pp. ISBN PB 0-19-926418-X The first edition of this valuable book provided a overview of the legal framework around, and the organizational structures of the NHS. Along the way, the rights of patients within the system were explained, and commentary provided on inevitable conflicts that occur between efficiency and equity. T…
Risk-Adjusted Mortality as an Indicator of Outcomes
BACKGROUND: The Medicare Advantage Program (MAP) and the Veterans' Health Administration (VHA) currently provide many services that benefit the elderly, and a comparative study of their risk-adjusted mortality rates has the potential to provide important information regarding these 2 systems of care. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective study was to compare mortality rates between the MAP and the VHA after controlling for case-mix diffe…
A Book of Its Time
Change in health status and mortality as indicators of outcomes
Problems, Policies and Ethics in Health Care
There are three factors necessary for the successful implementation of a policy. First, a problem has to be identified in a way that invites action. Second, there must be a policy that fits the problem in question. And third, there must be the political will to tackle the problem with the policy. Each of these factors is necessary but not sufficient for policy development; implementation requires a happy conjunction of all three. To date there ha…
When is sex-specific research appropriate
Inclusion in research is a question of both scientific validity of research results and just distribution of the benefits of medical research within a community. Therefore, inappropriate exclusions from research can be regulated as a matter of science or a matter of ethics. In this paper we examine the definitions of appropriate/fair inclusion in the Australian and U.S. regulatory systems and discuss the processes for interpreting and implementin…
When is sex-specific research appropriate
Inclusion in research is a question of both scientific validity of research results and just distribution of the benefits of medical research within a community. Therefore, inappropriate exclusions from research can be regulated as a matter of science or a matter of ethics. In this paper we examine the definitions of appropriate/ fair inclusion in the Australian and U.S. regulatory systems and discuss the processes for interpreting and implementi…
Gender and trust in medicine
Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of me…
Gender and trust in medicine
Trust is taken to be one of the foundational values in the doctor–patient relationship, facilitating access to the benefits of health care and providing a guarantee against possible harms. Despite this foundational role, some doctors betray the trust of their patients. Trusting involves granting discretionary powers and makes the truster vulnerable to the trustee. Patients trust medical practitioners to act with goodwill and to act competently. S…
Populações especiais
Research with vulnerable participants raises a number of challenging issues for researchers and ethical review committees. Vulnerability arises when participants are relatively powerless compared with researchers. This may be due to extrinsic factors such as poverty or lack of education, or intrinsic factors such as severe illness or intellectual disability. Vulnerable participants risk increased harm from research because they are unable to prot…
Special populations
Research with vulnerable participants raises a number of challenging issues for researchers and ethical review committees. Vulnerability arises when participants are relatively powerless compared with researchers. This may be due to extrinsic factors such as poverty or lack of education, or intrinsic factors such as severe illness or intellectual disability. Vulnerable participants risk increased harm from research because they are unable to prot…
Political science (38 works) · Medicine (34 works) · Psychology (33 works) · Law (28 works) · Sociology (27 works) · Health care (20 works) · Computer Science (19 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Nursing (14 works) · Epistemology (13 works)