Jaroslav Brůžek
Biographic Data
| ID | 77137 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jaroslav Brůžek |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jaroslav |
| FAMILY NAME | Brůžek |
| SIGNATURE | BRŮŽEK J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2478-9662 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 72 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 505 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 72 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Imbalanced Sex Ratios in Sex Estimation Using Probabilistic Sex Diagnosis (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste [DSP])
This study investigates biases in sex estimation using the DSP (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste—Probabilistic Sex Diagnosis) method in bioarchaeological contexts. The aim is to assess whether this method overperforms in estimating one of the sexes and to explore the implications for palaeodemographic interpretations. A meta‐analysis was conducted using data from 32 archaeological and current populations ( n = 2303), spanning prehistoric to modern …
Sex-ratio des individus indéterminés dans l'application de la Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste et implications dans les analyses paléodémographiques
International audience
Sex estimation of the adult Neandertal Regourdou 1 (Montignac, France)
Early life histories at medieval Mikulčice (ninth-tenth centuries AD, Czechia) based on carbon and nitrogen profiles of tooth dentine
Undertaking the biological sex assessment of human remains
Is the preauricular groove, as defined by Bruzek (2002), an indicator of parity? A test using the Simon identified skeletal collection (Vaud, Switzerland)
centuries. The sample consists of 504 coxal bones (including 236 pairs) from 268 individuals (133 females and 135 males), aged 16 to 81, with age classes equally represented. The obstetric history is known for a subgroup of 99 females. Using the three visual criteria employed together, the results of sex estimation indicate that both the indeterminate rate (11.3% for observer 1 and 7.7% for observer 2) and the classification error rate (2.2% and …
Current trends in methods for estimating age and sex from the adult human skeleton
Nouveau regard sur le "vieux" sillon préauriculaire
Pour certains auteurs le sillon préauriculaire (sp) de l’ilium trouve son origine dans l’histoire obstétricale, pour d’autres, cette relation est écartée. Une revue de la littérature laisse percevoir la fragilité des résultats obtenus jusque-là tant en raison des divergences méthodologiques (définition anatomique, terminologie, systèmes d’évaluation) que des caractéristiques des échantillons analysés (effectifs, démographie). La spécificité du sp…
Grooves in the preauricular area of the human ilium as indicator of sex or traces of parturition
occurred in a total of 270 of 395 females (68.3%). Female morphology was found in only 5 of 457 males (1.1%). Male morphology was observed in 419 of 457 males (91.7%), but also in 11.1% of females (44 of 395). Indeterminate or ambiguous morphology was found in 33 of 457 males (7.2%) and 81 of 395 females (20.5%). The application of the Novotný method showed that of the total 275 specimens with female morphology, 98.2% were females and only 1.8% w…
Kinship and the familial occurrence of skeletal developmental anomalies in the noble Swéerts-Sporck family (Bohemia, 17th to 20th centuries)
Far from home
Entre peste et famine
The later centuries of the Middle Ages were a time of recurrent epidemics and famines, some of which caused such huge mortality that mass graves and emergency burial grounds had to be created. Several anthropological studies have investigated these graves and cemeteries, but only a few have attempted to assess the bioarchaeological features that could distinguish between these two types of crisis. Our study tackles this question through an anthro…
Paleodemografická interpretace kosterních souborů minulých populací
Příspěvek v první části představuje současný stav paleodemografie minulých populací. Úskalím jakékoliv interpretace jsou problémy spolehlivého odhadu věku dožití dospělých jedinců, které dovolují exaktní klasifikaci maximálně do tří širokých věkových tříd (např. do 30 let, od 30 do 60 let a starších 60 let). Možnosti nové intepretace úmrtnostního profilu vzhledem k modelové úmrtnosti archaických populací (e0 = 25 až 35 let) podle Ledermanna jsou …
Pig-Breeding Management in the Early Medieval Stronghold at Mikulčice (Eighth–Ninth Centuries, Czech Republic)
The archaeozoological analysis sets point to the vital role of pigs in the subsistence economy of Early Medieval Mikulčice, an important Great Moravian centre (Czech Republic). The results of slaughtering distribution analyses indicate that pigs were a meat source for a consumer population. Analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon suggest that the demand for pork was predominantly met by animals raised by extensive husbandry. . In addit…
Phenotypic diversity of skulls in the Merovingian population (Norroy‐le‐Veneur cemetery, 7th century AD, Moselle, France) in the context of Early Medieval Europe
Western Europe underwent a major sociocultural and economic transformation from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. This so‐called Migration Period is characterized by invasions of various western and eastern non‐Romanized peoples, as well as by nomadic Huns. The Frankish state was the only Germanic state to successfully survive this period. Nevertheless, the arrival of unknown populations could have influenced the autochthonous Frankish pop…
A case of marked bilateral asymmetry in the sacral alae of the Neandertal specimen Regourdou 1 (Périgord, France)
OBJECTIVES: A marked asymmetry was previously reported in the sacral alae and S1-L5 facets orientation of the Neandertal individual Regourdou 1. Here, we provide a detailed description and quantification of the morphology and degree of asymmetry of this sacrum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Regourdou 1 was compared to a modern human sample composed of 24 females and 17 males, and to other Neandertal individuals. Both traditional and geometric morphometri…
The impact of using new and conventional methods for the age-at-death estimation in a Czech medieval population (Mikulčice, 9th-10th century)
church, the original and revised methods provided different mortality profiles: the proportion of individuals older than 60 years acquired using Lovejoy's method was only 6.7%, while the newer methods increased the proportion to 26.7% (Buckberry & Chamberlain 2002) and 23.9% (Schmitt 2005). The choice of age-at-death estimation, and thus the different age distributions, also resulted in differences in the achieved age of individuals with and with…
An isotopic case study of individuals with syphilis from the pathological-anatomical reference collection of the national museum in Prague (Czech Republic, 19th century A.D.)
OBJECTIVE: values in relation to tertiary syphilis. MATERIAL: Based on materials from the 19th c. A.D. deriving from the pathological-anatomical reference collection (the Jedlička collection) of the National Museum in Prague (Czech Republic), a comparative approach of ten individuals with syphilis and nine without the disease was undertaken. METHODS: Bone powder samples were defatted according to the protocol of Liden et al. (1995). Bone collagen…
A method of sexing the human os coxae based on logistic regressions and Bruzek's nonmetric traits
OBJECTIVES: This study aims at proposing a visual method for sexing the human os coxae based on a statistical approach, using a scoring system of traits described by Bruzek (2002). This method is evaluated on a meta-population sample, where the data were acquired by direct observation of dry bones as well as computed tomography (CT) scans. A comparison with the original Bruzek's (2002) method is performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred and …
Sex‐specific functional adaptation of the femoral diaphysis to body composition
OBJECTIVES: The human femoral diaphysis is often used to reconstruct loading histories (mobility, activity, body mass). The proximal femur is known to be differentially affected by changes in total fat-mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (BF%), but the adaptation of the entire diaphysis to body composition has not been thoroughly characterized to date. Understanding how the femoral diaphysis adapts to body components would ben…
Architecture of the femoral and tibial diaphyses in relation to body mass and composition
OBJECTIVES: Recent investigations have evaluated the influence of body composition on long bones in order to overcome the limits of body mass (BM) estimation methods and eventually lead to studying nutrition in past populations. Knowing how fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) impact the skeleton would also enhance the understanding of mobility, activity, and locomotion derived from bone architecture. We investigated the relationship between BM …
Kinship and morphological similarity in the skeletal remains of individuals with known genealogical data (Bohemia, 19th to 20th centuries)
OBJECTIVES: This article proposes a new approach, called the "similarity coefficient" (SC) for verifying family relationships from skeletal remains using nonmetric traits. Based on this method and further analyses, the authors aim to show the degree of similarity between individuals with varying degrees of kinship, including inbred individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our sample includes the skeletal remains of 34 individuals with known genealogic…
Diet in transitory society
A time of change
C. The role of the Christian conversion of the population is questioned, but another factor influencing diet might have played a role.
A method for visual determination of sex, using the human hip bone
A new visual method for the determination of sex using the human hip bone (os coxae) is proposed, based on a revision of several previous approaches which scored isolated characters of this bone. The efficacy of the methodology is tested on a sample of 402 adults of known sex and age of French and Portuguese origins. With the simultaneous use of five characters of the hip bone, it is possible to provide a correct sexual diagnosis in 95% of all ca…
DSP
Determination of the sex of human bone remains represents a crucial stage in any palaeoanthropological study. The palaeobiological or palaeoethnological interpretations depend on its reliability. It is acknowledged that the adult hip-bone (os coxae) is by far the best non-population-specific indicator for reliable sex determination of adults. However, we clarify here a certain number of limitations which lower the reliability and ease of applicat…
Reconstruction of the Gravettian food-web at Předmostí I using multi-isotopic tracking (13C, 15N, 34S) of bone collagen
Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
OBJECTIVES: A new tool for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae is presented using skeletons from a metapopulation of identified adult individuals from twelve independent population samples. For reliable sex estimation, a posterior probability greater than 0.95 was considered to be the classification threshold: below this value, estimates are considered indeterminate. By providing free software, we aim to develop an…
Reliability test of the visual assessment of cranial traits for sex determination
Interobserver variation in visual evaluation was analyzed for 10 cranial traits in a homogeneous archaeological series. Two observers independently scored cranial traits commonly used for determination of sex. Though determination of sex did not differ significantly for the two observers, individual traits had different levels of interobserver reliability. In addition, indices of relative “maleness” and “femaleness” derived by the two observers d…
Diet in transitory society
Évaluation des caractères morphologiques de la face sacro-pelvienne de l'os coxal. Proposition d'une nouvelle méthode de diagnose sexuelle
Bruzek Jaroslav, Castex Dominique, Majó Tona. Évaluation des caractères morphologiques de la face sacro-pelvienne de l'os coxal. Proposition d'une nouvelle méthode de diagnose sexuelle. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 8 fascicule 3-4, 1996. pp. 491-502
Test des fonctions discriminantes de Schutkowski impliquant l'ilium pour la détermination du sexe dans des séries d'enfants de sexe et d'âge connus
Majó Tona, Tillier Anne-Marie, Bruzek Jaroslav. Test des fonctions discriminantes de Schutkowski impliquant l'ilium pour la détermination du sexe dans des séries d'enfants de sexe et d'âge connus. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 61-68
Fiabilité des fonctions discriminantes dans la détermination sexuelle de l'os coxal. Critiques et propositions
Bruzek Jaroslav. Fiabilité des fonctions discriminantes dans la détermination sexuelle de l'os coxal. Critiques et propositions.. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 4 fascicule 1-2, 1992. pp. 67-104
A method of sexing the human os coxae based on logistic regressions and Bruzek's nonmetric traits
OBJECTIVES: This study aims at proposing a visual method for sexing the human os coxae based on a statistical approach, using a scoring system of traits described by Bruzek (2002). This method is evaluated on a meta-population sample, where the data were acquired by direct observation of dry bones as well as computed tomography (CT) scans. A comparison with the original Bruzek's (2002) method is performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred and …
Burials and Graphs
This article demonstrates the analytical potential of graph theory for understanding mortuary practices in past societies. We take advantage of social network analysis software PAJEK to model relationships among burials. The case study of the Early Bronze Age cemetery Rebešovice (Czech Republic) is used to explore the potential of the network approach to explain the contrast between the center and the periphery of the cemetery. Two hypotheses are…
IsoArcH.eu
Entre peste et famine
The later centuries of the Middle Ages were a time of recurrent epidemics and famines, some of which caused such huge mortality that mass graves and emergency burial grounds had to be created. Several anthropological studies have investigated these graves and cemeteries, but only a few have attempted to assess the bioarchaeological features that could distinguish between these two types of crisis. Our study tackles this question through an anthro…
Is sex estimation from handprints in prehistoric cave art reliable? A view from biological and forensic anthropology
Urban and rural infant‐feeding practices and health in early medieval C entral E urope (9th–10th Century, C zech R epublic)
In the Central European context, the 9th and 10th centuries are well known for rapid cultural and societal changes concerning the development of the economic and political structures of states as well as the adoption of Christianity. A bioarchaeological study based on a subadult skeletal series was conducted to tackle the impact of these changes on infant and young child feeding practices and, consequently, their health in both urban and rural po…
The man, the woman and the hyoid bone
A man and a woman were found in a double burial dating from the 1st century BC and located in a Xiongnu burial site in northern Mongolia. An offering box at the head of the man's coffin contained both remains of domestic animals and a human hyoid bone. The skeleton of the man was complete whereas the woman's hyoid bone was missing. The isolated hyoid bone could belong to the buried woman, which suggests the removal of her tongue and probably her …
Evolution séculaire des dimensions céphaliques
Susanne C., Vercauteren Martin, Krasnicanova H., Jaeger V., Hauspie R., Bruzek Jaroslav. Evolution séculaire des dimensions céphaliques. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série. Tome 5 fascicule 3, 1988. pp. 151-161
Semiautomatic extraction of cortical thickness and diaphyseal curvature from CT scans
The understanding of locomotor patterns, activity schemes, and biological variations has been enhanced by the study of the geometrical properties and cortical bone thickness of the long bones measured using CT scan cross‐sections. With the development of scanning procedures, the internal architecture of the long bones can be explored along the entire diaphysis. Recently, several methods that map cortical thickness along the whole femoral diaphysi…
Degree of pelvic sexual dimorphism in human populations. A greene t-test application
Architecture of the femoral and tibial diaphyses in relation to body mass and composition
OBJECTIVES: Recent investigations have evaluated the influence of body composition on long bones in order to overcome the limits of body mass (BM) estimation methods and eventually lead to studying nutrition in past populations. Knowing how fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) impact the skeleton would also enhance the understanding of mobility, activity, and locomotion derived from bone architecture. We investigated the relationship between BM …
Kinship and morphological similarity in the skeletal remains of individuals with known genealogical data (Bohemia, 19th to 20th centuries)
OBJECTIVES: This article proposes a new approach, called the "similarity coefficient" (SC) for verifying family relationships from skeletal remains using nonmetric traits. Based on this method and further analyses, the authors aim to show the degree of similarity between individuals with varying degrees of kinship, including inbred individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our sample includes the skeletal remains of 34 individuals with known genealogic…
Technical Note
The greater sciatic notch (GSN) is one of the most important and frequently used characteristics for determining the sex of skeletons, but objective assessment of this characteristic is not without its difficulties. We tested the robustness of GSN sex classification on the basis of geometric morphometrics (GM) and support vector machines (SVM), using two different population samples. Using photographs, the shape of the GSN in 229 samples from two…
Modeling neolithic dispersal in Central Europe
On the basis of new examination of ancient DNA and craniometric analyses, Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe has been recently explained as reflecting colonization or at least a major influx of near eastern farmers. Given the fact that Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe was very rapid and extended into a large area, colonization would have to be associated with high population growth and fertility rates of an expanding Neolithic population.…
Identité biologique des artisans moustériens de Kebara (Mont Carmel, Israël) Réflexions sur le concept de néanderthalien au Levant méditerranéen
Dès les premières découvertes de fossiles humains provenant du Bassin Méditerranéen oriental et datés du Pléistocène supérieur, il est apparu évident que la documentation anthropologique illustrait une hétérogénéité biologique, suscitant des interprétations différentes. Par la suite, l’enrichissement de la documentation avec de nouvelles fouilles est venu alimenter, au sein de la communauté scientifique, les discussions portant aussi bien sur les…
Pig-Breeding Management in the Early Medieval Stronghold at Mikulčice (Eighth–Ninth Centuries, Czech Republic)
The archaeozoological analysis sets point to the vital role of pigs in the subsistence economy of Early Medieval Mikulčice, an important Great Moravian centre (Czech Republic). The results of slaughtering distribution analyses indicate that pigs were a meat source for a consumer population. Analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon suggest that the demand for pork was predominantly met by animals raised by extensive husbandry. . In addit…
Was He Murdered Or Was He Not?—Part I
World‐renowned R enaissance astronomer T ycho B rahe died on 24 O ctober 1601, after 11 days of illness. Several conspiracy theories regarding his death have been aired, the first shortly after his death by W illiam S hakespeare in the play H amlet , published in 1603. A key factor in the still lively debate is whether he was administered mercury—as medicine by his own hand, or as poison by an unfriendly hand. In 2010, B rahe's grave was reopened…
Evolution séculaire des dimensions céphaliques
Susanne C., Vercauteren Martin, Krasnicanova H., Jaeger V., Hauspie R., Bruzek Jaroslav. Evolution séculaire des dimensions céphaliques. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série. Tome 5 fascicule 3, 1988. pp. 151-161
La diagnose sexuelle à partir du squelette
Sex diagnosis of skeletons : possibilities and limitations. The author enumerates the biological criteria of sex diagnosis from skeletal remains. The fiability comparison of different methods demonstrates that only the analysis of the innominate bone results in a right diagnosis with less than 5% error. The paper discusses some precisions about sex diagnosis on skeletons from ancient Egypt and about problems in connection with fragmentary bones
Fiabilité des fonctions discriminantes dans la détermination sexuelle de l'os coxal. Critiques et propositions
Bruzek Jaroslav. Fiabilité des fonctions discriminantes dans la détermination sexuelle de l'os coxal. Critiques et propositions.. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 4 fascicule 1-2, 1992. pp. 67-104
Test des fonctions discriminantes de Schutkowski impliquant l'ilium pour la détermination du sexe dans des séries d'enfants de sexe et d'âge connus
Majó Tona, Tillier Anne-Marie, Bruzek Jaroslav. Test des fonctions discriminantes de Schutkowski impliquant l'ilium pour la détermination du sexe dans des séries d'enfants de sexe et d'âge connus. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 61-68
Diagnostic auxologique de l'os coxal des enfants de Sungir 2 et 3 (Paléolithique supérieur, Russie)
Bruzek Jaroslav, Novotny Vladimir. Diagnostic auxologique de l'os coxal des enfants de Sungir 2 et 3 (Paléolithique supérieur, Russie). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 151-158
Dynamique de la croissance du crâne. L'exemple de la population médiévale de Ducove (Slovaquie). Application a l'échantillon fossile de Predmostí (paléolithique supérieur, République tchèque)
Juricic Michel, Bruzek Jaroslav, Charlet Jean-Paul, Tillier Anne-Marie. Dynamique de la croissance du crâne. L'exemple de la population médiévale de Ducove (Slovaquie). Application a l'échantillon fossile de Predmostí (paléolithique supérieur, République tchèque). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 6 fascicule 1-2, 1994. pp. 85-99
Bis repetita placent
Majó Tona, Tillier Anne-Marie, Bruzek Jaroslav. Bis repetita placent. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 6 fascicule 1-2, 1994. pp. 117-118
Diagnose sexuelle à l'aide de l'analyse discriminante appliquée au tibia
Notre article analyse la possibilité d'une diagnose sexuelle du matériel archéologique en l'absence du bassin, à l'aide de fonctions discriminantes sur le tibia. Dans une série de 95 tibias de sexe et d'âge connus de la collection de squelettes identifiés de Coimbra, nous sommes parvenu à un taux de séparation du sexe de 79% à 88% selon la fonction. L'erreur de classement ne concerne pas toujours le même individu. Il s'avère donc nécessaire d'app…
Etablissement des nouvelles fonctions discriminantes a partir de l'os coxal applicables dans d'autres populations
L'artic le présente une serie de fonctions discriminantes calculées à partir d'un échantillon mixte de 220 os coxaux de sexe connu d'origine anglaise et portugaise. Nous avons confirmé la possibilité de simplifier la technique de mensuration de la grande échancrure sciatique dans l'ensemble des fonctions discriminantes performantes déjà proposées (Novotny, 1975; Bruzek, 1992). D'autre part, la substitution de certaines dimensions par des dimensio…
Degree of pelvic sexual dimorphism in human populations. A greene t-test application
Évaluation des caractères morphologiques de la face sacro-pelvienne de l'os coxal. Proposition d'une nouvelle méthode de diagnose sexuelle
Bruzek Jaroslav, Castex Dominique, Majó Tona. Évaluation des caractères morphologiques de la face sacro-pelvienne de l'os coxal. Proposition d'une nouvelle méthode de diagnose sexuelle. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 8 fascicule 3-4, 1996. pp. 491-502
A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure
Determination of sex is a key aspect in the study of past populations. Bias in skeletal sexing is well known, however, and depends upon the completeness of the skeletal remains and the representativeness of reference samples. In order to correct these difficulties, the authors propose practical adjustments to Van Vark's well-known procedure. Two fundamental aspects are considered to reduce the bias of sex allocation. First, we propose to increase…
A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure
Determination of sex is a key aspect in the study of past populations. Bias in skeletal sexing is well known, however, and depends upon the completeness of the skeletal remains and the representativeness of reference samples. In order to correct these difficulties, the authors propose practical adjustments to Van Vark's well-known procedure. Two fundamental aspects are considered to reduce the bias of sex allocation. First, we propose to increase…
Mandibular ramus posterior flexure
Accurate determination of sex in skeletal human samples is very important in anthropological and demographic studies. Recently, Loth and Henneberg have suggested that a new osteological criterion on the mandible, the mandibular ramus posterior flexure (MRPF) had a high sex discriminating effectiveness. A preliminary test applied to a few hominid mandibles )including Australopithecines, Homo erectus, Neanderthals and Upper palaeolithic hominids) a…
The man, the woman and the hyoid bone
A man and a woman were found in a double burial dating from the 1st century BC and located in a Xiongnu burial site in northern Mongolia. An offering box at the head of the man's coffin contained both remains of domestic animals and a human hyoid bone. The skeleton of the man was complete whereas the woman's hyoid bone was missing. The isolated hyoid bone could belong to the buried woman, which suggests the removal of her tongue and probably her …
Les réseaux de neurones artificiels
The use of artificial neural networks (ANN) has grown in the last few years in many fields of research, but not in biological anthropology. They are a relevant alternative to current statistics for data processing. This note provides a background for understanding the notion of ANN and describes also few applications close to biological anthropologal topics
A method for visual determination of sex, using the human hip bone
A new visual method for the determination of sex using the human hip bone (os coxae) is proposed, based on a revision of several previous approaches which scored isolated characters of this bone. The efficacy of the methodology is tested on a sample of 402 adults of known sex and age of French and Portuguese origins. With the simultaneous use of five characters of the hip bone, it is possible to provide a correct sexual diagnosis in 95% of all ca…
Révision du sexe du squelette magdalénien de Saint-Germain-la-Riviere (Gironde, France)
Cette note concerne la détermination du sexe du squelette magdalénien de Saint- Germain-la-Rivière (Gironde) à partir de l’os coxal selon deux méthodes, la première morphologique, la seconde morphométrique dont la fiabilité très élevée a été testée par ailleurs. Cette double analyse indique sans ambiguïté que le squelette de Saint - Germain - la - Rivière appartient à un adulte jeune de sexe féminin
MtDNA sequences of Chadic-speaking populations from northern Cameroon suggest their affinities with eastern Africa
The observation that the Chadic group reveals some affinities to East Africans is extremely surprising giving the present-day geographical distance (around 2000 km) between them. These observations complement recent linguistic and archaeological findings, which consider the Chadic branch in the Afro-Asiatic phylum to be of eastern origin. A continuous, well-defined, geographic sampling strategy of the different genetic polymorphisms of the native…
Reliability test of the visual assessment of cranial traits for sex determination
Interobserver variation in visual evaluation was analyzed for 10 cranial traits in a homogeneous archaeological series. Two observers independently scored cranial traits commonly used for determination of sex. Though determination of sex did not differ significantly for the two observers, individual traits had different levels of interobserver reliability. In addition, indices of relative “maleness” and “femaleness” derived by the two observers d…
DSP
Determination of the sex of human bone remains represents a crucial stage in any palaeoanthropological study. The palaeobiological or palaeoethnological interpretations depend on its reliability. It is acknowledged that the adult hip-bone (os coxae) is by far the best non-population-specific indicator for reliable sex determination of adults. However, we clarify here a certain number of limitations which lower the reliability and ease of applicat…
Variability of the Upper Palaeolithic skulls from Předmostí near Přerov (Czech Republic)
Mitochondrial DNA and craniofacial covariability of Chad Basin females indicate past population events
The Chad Basin lies in the middle of the Sudanic African belt between the Sahara and the tropical rain forests. Its present-day settlement is a result of Holocene climatic changes and human immigrations from different parts of Africa. This study presents a statistical analysis of the relationships of physical features (stature and five main craniofacial measurements) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplogroup classifications in a sample of 282 adult in…
Identité biologique des artisans moustériens de Kebara (Mont Carmel, Israël) Réflexions sur le concept de néanderthalien au Levant méditerranéen
Dès les premières découvertes de fossiles humains provenant du Bassin Méditerranéen oriental et datés du Pléistocène supérieur, il est apparu évident que la documentation anthropologique illustrait une hétérogénéité biologique, suscitant des interprétations différentes. Par la suite, l’enrichissement de la documentation avec de nouvelles fouilles est venu alimenter, au sein de la communauté scientifique, les discussions portant aussi bien sur les…
Demographic model of the Neolithic transition in Central Europe
Several recent lines of evidence indicate more intensive contact between LBK farmers and indigenous foragers in Central Europe (5600–5400 calBC). Strong continuity has been identified between Mesolithic and Neolithic material cultures; faunal assemblages, and isotopic analyses of diet have revealed a greater role of hunting in LBK communities; genetic analyses have suggested that the modern Central European gene pool is mainly of Palaeolithic ori…
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (50 works) · Biology (36 works) · Geography (30 works) · Population (26 works) · Demography (25 works) · Medicine (24 works) · Archaeology (21 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (20 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (19 works) · Humanities (15 works)