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Sophie Nock

Biographic Data

ID789202
NAMESophie Nock
GIVEN NAMESSophie
FAMILY NAMENock
SIGNATURENOCK S
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Waikato
ORCID0000-0002-6588-1158
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS17
TOTAL CITATIONS13
AUTHOR COUNT17
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2017
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX3
  • Dimensions of Wairuatanga

    Daniel J Smıth, Danielle Lee Smith et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Management,…•2026

    This study uses urban papakãinga (modern Mãori housing), a sustainability-focused form of housing enterprise, as a case study to determine how spirituality guides leadership and decision-making around building processes. The perspectives of Mãori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) housing stakeholders (leaders) involved in urban papakãinga developments were investigated, to determine dimensions of wairuatanga (nature-focused, spirit-base…

  • Connecting health and place through age-friendly built environments to reduce experiences of loneliness (mokemoke) for Māori

    Open Access•Danielle Lee Smith, John G Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Health & Place•2026•References: 3

    Prior to colonisation, experiences of loneliness were rare among Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand), as there were sophisticated, place-based connections between people, land, housing, and nature. This reality is often not the case in 21st-century urban housing environments where feelings of loneliness are a confronting reality for older adults, impacting their health, well-being, and the suitability of their housing. The purpo…

  • Māori housing enterprise Aotearoa New Zealand

    Open Access•Danielle Lee Smith, John G Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Housing Studies•2026•References: 25

  • He Huarahi Tautoko

    Open Access•Sophie Nock, B Hokowhitu et al.•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2025•References: 31

    Kaumātua (Māori [Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand] elders over 55 years of age) often experienced disconnection from their cultural roots because of colonisation and policies that discouraged use of the Māori language, and cultural protocols, which had negative effects on well-being and sense of identity. This article describes a strength-based co-design process and programme that is kaumātua-led, for and by Māori communities, to help ad…

  • Cultural and co-designed principles for developing a Māori kaumātua housing village to address health and social wellbeing

    Open Access•John G Oetzel, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•BMC Public Health•2024

    This case study illustrates several co-design and culturally-centred principles from a previously developed toolkit that supported the project. This case study demonstrates how one community enacted these principles to provide the ground for developing a housing project that meets the health and social wellbeing of kaumātua

  • Kaumātua needs and perspectives regarding urban papakāinga

    Open Access•Danielle Lee Smith, John G Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Kōtuitui New Zealand Journal of…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 8

    Safe, secure, suitable housing is often an unattainable reality for kaumātua (older Māori aged 55 years and over in this study) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Kaumātua, unfortunately, are at the forefront of the housing crisis, and struggle to find housing which meets their most basic needs. Therefore, many organisations are considering the development of urban papakāinga to meet their needs. The purpose of this study is to assess the needs of kaumātua…

  • Enhancing health outcomes for Māori elders through an intergenerational cultural exchange and physical activity programme

    Open Access•John G Oetzel, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

    Background The study offers baseline data for a strengths-based approach emphasizing intergenerational cultural knowledge exchange and physical activity developed through a partnership with kaumātua (Māori elders) and kaumātua service providers. The study aims to identify the baseline characteristics, along with correlates of five key outcomes. Methods The study design is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 75 kaumātua from six providers complet…

  • He kāinga pai rawa

    Open Access•Sophie Nock, Yvonne Wilson et al.•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2023

    Tuhinga whakarāpopoto (Abstract) Poor, unaffordable and overcrowded housing among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand is one of the converging societal trends to impact significantly on older Māori ageing in place and in age-friendly environments. Some kaupapa Māori (Māori approach) organisations have sought to develop kaumātua (elders) villages to address these challenges. From the study of one such village, a toolkit of successful practices was devel…

  • Identifying the Facilitators and Barriers in Disseminating and Adopting a Health Intervention Developed by a Community–Academic Partnership

    Open Access•Truely Harding, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Health Education & Behavior•2022

    The literature regarding implementation science of evidence-based health interventions in Māori communities is limited, and there is a push for new and innovative delivery methods of health interventions in New Zealand. The purpose of the study was to identify the facilitators and barriers in implementing a health intervention designed by others and was framed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). This study explored g…

  • Mana motuhake, Indigenous biopolitics and health

    Open Access•B Hokowhitu, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2022

    The majority of Indigenous health models do not directly acknowledge that health is a contested political space. Providing a Foucauldian analysis, this article suggests a function of biopower is to naturalise discourses such as the poor Māori health statistic to appear based on factual evidence and thus are apolitical. Employing Foucault’s triad of power—sovereign, disciplinary and biopower—to understand the genealogy of Māori health, this articl…

  • Codesigning a Culture-Centered Age-Friendly Community for Māori Kaumātua

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•The Journals of Gerontology…•2022•Cited by: 4•References: 3

    Accounting for cultural practices in codesigning age-friendly and culture-centered housing for and with Indigenous older adults helps meet their cultural, social, health, and economic needs. The research offers a practical pathway to developing age-friendly housing environments for Māori kaumātua, their communities, wider society, and other Indigenous people

  • Enhancing Well-Being and Social Connectedness for Māori Elders Through a Peer Education (Tuakana-Teina) Programme

    Open Access•John G Oetzel, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

    Background: Māori kaumātua (elders) face stark health and social inequities compared to non-Māori New Zealanders. The tuakana-teina (older sibling-younger sibling) peer education programme is a strengths-based approach to enhance well-being and social connectedness. The purpose of this study is to present the baseline data from this programme and identify correlates of well-being outcomes. Method: Participants included 128 kaumātua who completed …

  • Kei tua o te awe māpara/Beyond the mask

    Open Access•Sophie Nock•ARTICLE•International Journal of Critical…•2021•References: 2

    The New Zealand Curriculum Framework (Ministry of Education, 1993, p. 14) states that "[all] who learn te reo Māori help to secure its future as a living, dynamic, and rich language". However, I will argue here that appearance and reality are very far apart. Close examination of the context in which teachers of the Māori language operate tells a very different story, one characterised byinadequate consultation with teachers and communities, a lac…

  • Lessons from “communicative language teaching” for Māori language teachers in English medium schools

    Open Access•Sophie Nock•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2020

    Can the teaching approach “communicative language teaching” support Māori language teachers teaching te reo Māori (the Māori language) in English medium schools? Given that, in the absence of a high level of inter-generational transmission, and more than two-thirds of Māori school children attend schools in which the primary language of instruction is English, the ultimate fate of the language rests, to some extent at least, with the success of i…

  • Māori Becoming Peer Educators in Later Life

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•The Journals of Gerontology…•2020•Cited by: 3

    The results demonstrated that kaumātua had strong communication in the peer educator role and that the intervention has positive impacts for them. The study contributes to peer intervention research that may help to improve experiences ofIndigenous and other older people

  • Kaumātua mana motuhake in action

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, Hineitimoana Greensill et al.•ARTICLE•Ageing and Society•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 37

    New Zealand's ageing population and health inequities for Māori (Indigenous peoples) have prompted calls for innovative, culturally based approaches to improving health and wellbeing, and managing transitions in later life. This is particularly important for kaumātua (Māori elders) who, despite cultural strength and resilience, carry a significant burden in health, economic and social inequities. This paper describes the culture-centred developme…

  • Textbooks for the teaching of te reo Māori

    Open Access•Sophie Nock•ARTICLE•International Journal of Critical…•2017•References: 1

    As part of a recent study of the teaching and learning of te reo Māori (the Māori language) in English-medium secondary schools in Aotearoa/New Zealand, I asked a sample of teachers which textbooks they used. I then analysed some of those textbooks that were referred to most often, using focus points derived from a review of literature on the design of textbooks for the teaching of additional languages. What I found was that the textbooks analyse…

  • Codesigning a Culture-Centered Age-Friendly Community for Māori Kaumātua

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•The Journals of Gerontology…•2022•Cited by: 4•References: 3

    Accounting for cultural practices in codesigning age-friendly and culture-centered housing for and with Indigenous older adults helps meet their cultural, social, health, and economic needs. The research offers a practical pathway to developing age-friendly housing environments for Māori kaumātua, their communities, wider society, and other Indigenous people

  • Kaumātua mana motuhake in action

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, Hineitimoana Greensill et al.•ARTICLE•Ageing and Society•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 37

    New Zealand's ageing population and health inequities for Māori (Indigenous peoples) have prompted calls for innovative, culturally based approaches to improving health and wellbeing, and managing transitions in later life. This is particularly important for kaumātua (Māori elders) who, despite cultural strength and resilience, carry a significant burden in health, economic and social inequities. This paper describes the culture-centred developme…

  • Māori Becoming Peer Educators in Later Life

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•The Journals of Gerontology…•2020•Cited by: 3

    The results demonstrated that kaumātua had strong communication in the peer educator role and that the intervention has positive impacts for them. The study contributes to peer intervention research that may help to improve experiences ofIndigenous and other older people

  • Kaumātua needs and perspectives regarding urban papakāinga

    Open Access•Danielle Lee Smith, John G Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Kōtuitui New Zealand Journal of…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 8

    Safe, secure, suitable housing is often an unattainable reality for kaumātua (older Māori aged 55 years and over in this study) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Kaumātua, unfortunately, are at the forefront of the housing crisis, and struggle to find housing which meets their most basic needs. Therefore, many organisations are considering the development of urban papakāinga to meet their needs. The purpose of this study is to assess the needs of kaumātua…

  • Textbooks for the teaching of te reo Māori

    Open Access•Sophie Nock•ARTICLE•International Journal of Critical…•2017•References: 1

    As part of a recent study of the teaching and learning of te reo Māori (the Māori language) in English-medium secondary schools in Aotearoa/New Zealand, I asked a sample of teachers which textbooks they used. I then analysed some of those textbooks that were referred to most often, using focus points derived from a review of literature on the design of textbooks for the teaching of additional languages. What I found was that the textbooks analyse…

  • Lessons from “communicative language teaching” for Māori language teachers in English medium schools

    Open Access•Sophie Nock•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2020

    Can the teaching approach “communicative language teaching” support Māori language teachers teaching te reo Māori (the Māori language) in English medium schools? Given that, in the absence of a high level of inter-generational transmission, and more than two-thirds of Māori school children attend schools in which the primary language of instruction is English, the ultimate fate of the language rests, to some extent at least, with the success of i…

  • Māori Becoming Peer Educators in Later Life

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•The Journals of Gerontology…•2020•Cited by: 3

    The results demonstrated that kaumātua had strong communication in the peer educator role and that the intervention has positive impacts for them. The study contributes to peer intervention research that may help to improve experiences ofIndigenous and other older people

  • Kaumātua mana motuhake in action

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, Hineitimoana Greensill et al.•ARTICLE•Ageing and Society•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 37

    New Zealand's ageing population and health inequities for Māori (Indigenous peoples) have prompted calls for innovative, culturally based approaches to improving health and wellbeing, and managing transitions in later life. This is particularly important for kaumātua (Māori elders) who, despite cultural strength and resilience, carry a significant burden in health, economic and social inequities. This paper describes the culture-centred developme…

  • Enhancing Well-Being and Social Connectedness for Māori Elders Through a Peer Education (Tuakana-Teina) Programme

    Open Access•John G Oetzel, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

    Background: Māori kaumātua (elders) face stark health and social inequities compared to non-Māori New Zealanders. The tuakana-teina (older sibling-younger sibling) peer education programme is a strengths-based approach to enhance well-being and social connectedness. The purpose of this study is to present the baseline data from this programme and identify correlates of well-being outcomes. Method: Participants included 128 kaumātua who completed …

  • Kei tua o te awe māpara/Beyond the mask

    Open Access•Sophie Nock•ARTICLE•International Journal of Critical…•2021•References: 2

    The New Zealand Curriculum Framework (Ministry of Education, 1993, p. 14) states that "[all] who learn te reo Māori help to secure its future as a living, dynamic, and rich language". However, I will argue here that appearance and reality are very far apart. Close examination of the context in which teachers of the Māori language operate tells a very different story, one characterised byinadequate consultation with teachers and communities, a lac…

  • Identifying the Facilitators and Barriers in Disseminating and Adopting a Health Intervention Developed by a Community–Academic Partnership

    Open Access•Truely Harding, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Health Education & Behavior•2022

    The literature regarding implementation science of evidence-based health interventions in Māori communities is limited, and there is a push for new and innovative delivery methods of health interventions in New Zealand. The purpose of the study was to identify the facilitators and barriers in implementing a health intervention designed by others and was framed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). This study explored g…

  • Mana motuhake, Indigenous biopolitics and health

    Open Access•B Hokowhitu, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2022

    The majority of Indigenous health models do not directly acknowledge that health is a contested political space. Providing a Foucauldian analysis, this article suggests a function of biopower is to naturalise discourses such as the poor Māori health statistic to appear based on factual evidence and thus are apolitical. Employing Foucault’s triad of power—sovereign, disciplinary and biopower—to understand the genealogy of Māori health, this articl…

  • Codesigning a Culture-Centered Age-Friendly Community for Māori Kaumātua

    Open Access•Mary Louisa Simpson, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•The Journals of Gerontology…•2022•Cited by: 4•References: 3

    Accounting for cultural practices in codesigning age-friendly and culture-centered housing for and with Indigenous older adults helps meet their cultural, social, health, and economic needs. The research offers a practical pathway to developing age-friendly housing environments for Māori kaumātua, their communities, wider society, and other Indigenous people

  • Enhancing health outcomes for Māori elders through an intergenerational cultural exchange and physical activity programme

    Open Access•John G Oetzel, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

    Background The study offers baseline data for a strengths-based approach emphasizing intergenerational cultural knowledge exchange and physical activity developed through a partnership with kaumātua (Māori elders) and kaumātua service providers. The study aims to identify the baseline characteristics, along with correlates of five key outcomes. Methods The study design is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 75 kaumātua from six providers complet…

  • He kāinga pai rawa

    Open Access•Sophie Nock, Yvonne Wilson et al.•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2023

    Tuhinga whakarāpopoto (Abstract) Poor, unaffordable and overcrowded housing among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand is one of the converging societal trends to impact significantly on older Māori ageing in place and in age-friendly environments. Some kaupapa Māori (Māori approach) organisations have sought to develop kaumātua (elders) villages to address these challenges. From the study of one such village, a toolkit of successful practices was devel…

  • Cultural and co-designed principles for developing a Māori kaumātua housing village to address health and social wellbeing

    Open Access•John G Oetzel, John Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•BMC Public Health•2024

    This case study illustrates several co-design and culturally-centred principles from a previously developed toolkit that supported the project. This case study demonstrates how one community enacted these principles to provide the ground for developing a housing project that meets the health and social wellbeing of kaumātua

  • Kaumātua needs and perspectives regarding urban papakāinga

    Open Access•Danielle Lee Smith, John G Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Kōtuitui New Zealand Journal of…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 8

    Safe, secure, suitable housing is often an unattainable reality for kaumātua (older Māori aged 55 years and over in this study) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Kaumātua, unfortunately, are at the forefront of the housing crisis, and struggle to find housing which meets their most basic needs. Therefore, many organisations are considering the development of urban papakāinga to meet their needs. The purpose of this study is to assess the needs of kaumātua…

  • He Huarahi Tautoko

    Open Access•Sophie Nock, B Hokowhitu et al.•ARTICLE•AlterNative An International…•2025•References: 31

    Kaumātua (Māori [Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand] elders over 55 years of age) often experienced disconnection from their cultural roots because of colonisation and policies that discouraged use of the Māori language, and cultural protocols, which had negative effects on well-being and sense of identity. This article describes a strength-based co-design process and programme that is kaumātua-led, for and by Māori communities, to help ad…

  • Dimensions of Wairuatanga

    Daniel J Smıth, Danielle Lee Smith et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Management,…•2026

    This study uses urban papakãinga (modern Mãori housing), a sustainability-focused form of housing enterprise, as a case study to determine how spirituality guides leadership and decision-making around building processes. The perspectives of Mãori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) housing stakeholders (leaders) involved in urban papakãinga developments were investigated, to determine dimensions of wairuatanga (nature-focused, spirit-base…

  • Connecting health and place through age-friendly built environments to reduce experiences of loneliness (mokemoke) for Māori

    Open Access•Danielle Lee Smith, John G Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Health & Place•2026•References: 3

    Prior to colonisation, experiences of loneliness were rare among Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand), as there were sophisticated, place-based connections between people, land, housing, and nature. This reality is often not the case in 21st-century urban housing environments where feelings of loneliness are a confronting reality for older adults, impacting their health, well-being, and the suitability of their housing. The purpo…

  • Māori housing enterprise Aotearoa New Zealand

    Open Access•Danielle Lee Smith, John G Oetzel et al.•ARTICLE•Housing Studies•2026•References: 25

Indigenous (10 works) · Political science (10 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Aotearoa (7 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (5 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Public relations (5 works) · Aging and Gerontology Research (4 works) · Focus group (4 works)

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