Carrie Henning‐smith
Biographic Data
| ID | 813554 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carrie Henning‐smith |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carrie |
| FAMILY NAME | Henning‐smith |
| SIGNATURE | SMITH C H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0273-0387 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 56 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 28 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Health, and Access to Treatment
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor adolescent mental health. Despite evidence that ACEs may be more prevalent in rural communities, it remains underexplored how region moderates the association between ACEs and mental health, as well as how access to treatment may vary across regions. Data for this study come from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey, a state-wide survey of 125,375 adolescents. Results suggest that cumulat…
Modifiable Protective Factors Associated With Resilience in Trauma-Exposed Adults
This systematic review aims to synthesize what protective factors have been identified to promote resilience in adults who have experienced potentially traumatic events (PTEs). APA PsychInfo and PubMed were searched to identify literature published between 2014 and 2024 that studied resilience in trauma-exposed adults. Studies were included if: the PTEs experienced by participants met Criterion A for events preceding posttraumatic stress disorder…
Financial and mental health challenges in agriculture
As mental health challenges in agriculture have become more visible in recent years, farm organizations, farm service providers, and government agencies have invested in programs and resources to alleviate these challenges. Yet, these investments have overall been made with limited understanding of farmers' ability and willingness to engage with mental health support. Even less is known about how farmers engage with financial support despite fina…
Social well-being among rural county fair attendees
This paper reports on results from a pilot study to assess the feasibility of surveying rural county fair attendees about their social well-being. We collected survey data from attendees at two Midwestern rural county fairs in the summer of 2022 (n=56). The survey included questions on loneliness, social isolation, and social engagement, as well as demographic and health characteristics. We analyzed overall rates of social well-being, as well as …
Factors Associated with Mental and Behavioral Health Programming in U.S. Rural, Urban and Suburban Congregations
In the United States (U.S.), rural residents experience poorer mental health outcomes and more barriers to accessing mental health care than urban residents. Faith-based institutions provide mental and behavioral health programming that can fill gaps in accessibility to mental health care. This study’s primary objective was to examine specific factors associated with mental and behavioral health programming in rural, urban and suburban congregati…
Seeking connection
PURPOSE: Individuals diagnosed with cancer have extensive and often unmet psychosocial support needs. We established a partnership between the University of Minnesota and Gilda's Club to identify survivorship issues, unmet psychosocial support needs, and barriers to receiving cancer support in rural Minnesota. METHODS: We conducted six focus groups and 16 interviews (41 total participants) between November 2022 and January 2024 among cancer survi…
The relationship between low social/emotional support and health care affordability among rural and urban residents
PURPOSE: Social/emotional support can help to buffer the health and financial impacts of health care costs. However, little research examines differences in social/emotional support as it relates to health care affordability, and even less examines these issues by rurality despite rural/urban differences in health and health care access. This study addresses these gaps by examining differences in social/emotional support and health care affordabi…
Barriers to health care among rural adults by disability status
PURPOSE: Access to health care supports both individual and population health. Ample research demonstrates access barriers faced by rural residents and people with disabilities; however, less research has examined access barriers for rural residents by disability status or explored differences across multiple types of access barriers. This brief report addresses this gap by examining 11 financial and nonfinancial barriers to accessing health care…
Gender differences in factors associated with rural health care practice in Minnesota
PURPOSE: To understand gender differences in factors affecting rural health care workforce to inform the development of effective policies and recruitment strategies to address rural health care workforce shortages. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of health care professionals (including Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), physicians, physician assistants (PAs), and registered nurses (RNs)) in Minnesota was administered by the Minnesota…
Context matters
Several health and social factors are associated with social isolation. • Geographic and age differences explain significant social isolation heterogeneity. • We observed higher isolation in regions with low incomes or high population densities. • Members of marginalized racial groups had elevated odds ratios for isolation. • Interventions combatting isolation must be intersectional and malleable to local needs. Many studies have examined social …
Occupational Transitions among Direct Care Workers in the United States
The high turnover and low supply of direct care workers have led to worker shortages, and in some cases, an inability to provide needed care for patients across healthcare settings. This was exacerbated during COVID-19. Using the longitudinal panel in the Current Population Survey (CPS), we found that 38 percent of direct care workers transitioned to another occupation at some point during the survey period. The rate of workers making an occupati…
State-level gender-affirming healthcare policy and depressive symptoms among LGBTQ+ youth
Does Caregiver Well-Being Differ by Rurality and State Policy Environment? Identifying a Well-Being Typology for Rural, Suburban, and Urban Caregivers
Despite caregiving making up a considerable portion of how individuals and governments spend their time and money, its impacts on caregivers' well-being are not well understood. In this article, we identify the various manifestations of caregiver well-being, test rural-suburban-urban differences, and explore the role of state-level family policy. Drawing on responses from 4620 caregivers of adults and children to the STAT Caregiving surveys from …
Rural‐urban differences in health care unaffordability
PURPOSE: To compare health care unaffordability in rural versus urban contexts while also examining the impact of sociodemographic/socioeconomic variables on this relationship. METHODS: We examined survey responses from the 2019-2021 National Health Interview Survey (n = 90,761). We conducted chi-squared tests comparing urban and rural subsamples and multivariable logistic regression analyses examining the associations between rurality and 3 meas…
Rural/urban differences in receipt of governmental rental assistance
PURPOSE: Housing is essential to health. Governmental rental assistance is one way to increase access to affordable housing, but little is known about how it varies by rural/urban location. This paper seeks to address that gap by examining rural/urban and within-rural differences in receipt of rental assistance, with particular attention differences by health and disability. METHODS: We used data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (n …
Health insurance coverage and experiences of intimate partner violence and postpartum abuse screening among rural US residents who gave birth 2016‐2020
PURPOSE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is elevated among rural residents and contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum health insurance expansion efforts could address multiple causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, including IPV. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between perinatal health insurance, IPV, and postpartum abuse screening among rural US residents. METHODS: Using 2016-2020 data on ru…
What happens to rural hospitals during a ransomware attack? Evidence from Medicare data
PURPOSE: Hospitals are increasingly the target of cybersecurity threats, including ransomware attacks. Little is known about how ransomware attacks affect care at rural hospitals. METHODS: We used data on hospital ransomware attacks from the Tracking Healthcare Ransomware Events and Traits database, linked to American Hospital Association survey data and Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims data from 2016 to 2021. We measured Medicare FFS volume…
Racial Arrest Disparities in the USA by Rural-Urban Location and Region
Rural/urban differences in access to paid sick leave among full‐time workers
PURPOSE: Access to paid sick leave is critically important to promoting good health, caregiving, and stopping the spread of disease. In this study, we estimate whether access to paid sick leave among US full-time workers differs between rural and urban residents. METHODS: We used data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey and included adult respondents between the ages of 18 and 64 who were employed full-time (n = 12,086). We estimated b…
Incidental sun exposures as a source of sunburn among rural compared to urban residents in the United States
PURPOSE: Melanoma incidence is higher in rural than in urban areas in the United States, possibly due to greater incidental sun exposures from rural outdoor-focused lifestyles and occupational patterns. Our aim was to compare activities at the time of a sunburn between rural and urban residents. METHODS: Utilizing the nationally representative 2019 cross-sectional Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), we report odds ratios (OR) and c…
Rural health disparities in health care utilization for dementia in Minnesota
PURPOSE: We visualized rural-urban differences in inpatient hospitalization and emergency department (ED) health care utilization (HCU) for older adults with dementia to understand the HCU of rural versus urban older adults in Minnesota and to examine in greater detail the variability of HCU in rural areas. METHODS: For 3 older adult age groups, we utilized Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (H-CUP) datasets from 2016 to 2018 to profile hosp…
Unmet Needs for Help With Mobility Limitations Among Older Adults Aging in Place
Rural older adults aging in place have greater unmet need s for help with mobility limitations. This study highlights several important gaps in supporting rural older adults aging in place
“ They’re not leaving their home; this is where they were born, this is where they will die. ”
The “oldest old,” age 85 and older, constitute one of the fastest growing segments of the U.S. population. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the characteristics of U.S. counties with the highest percentage of the oldest old, nearly all of which are rural. We used qualitative analysis of key informant interviews ( n = 50) with county commissioners and other county-level representatives from rural counties with the highest prevalence of the o…
Association of Health Insurance, Geography, and Race and Ethnicity With Disparities in Receipt of Recommended Postpartum Care in the US
The findings of this cross-sectional survey of postpartum individuals in the US suggest that inequities in postpartum care content were extensive and compounded for patients with multiple disadvantaged identities. Examining only 1 dimension of identity may understate the extent of disparities. Future studies should consider the content of postpartum care visits
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Self-Rated Health Among Rural Residents
Disparities in Health and Disability Among Older Adults in Same-Sex Cohabiting Relationships
This study adds to the limited information on health and disability among older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. As this population grows, gerontologists must develop a better understanding of the unique issues and challenges facing them and their families
A National Examination of Caregiver Use of and Preferences for Support Services
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess rural-urban differences in caregiver use of and preferences for support services. Method: Using the 2015 Caregiving in the U.S. survey data ( n = 1,389), we analyzed rural-urban differences by caregiver residence in use of and preferences for support services. We analyzed bivariate differences in service use and preferences, as well as in sociodemographic and caregiving relationship characteris…
Stigma, Discrimination, or Symptomatology Differences in Self-Reported Mental Health Between US-Born and Somalia-Born Black Americans
Objectives. We examined differences in self-reported mental health (SRMH) between US-born and Somalia-born Black Americans compared with White Americans. We tested how SRMH was affected by stigma toward seeing a mental health provider, discrimination in the health care setting, or symptoms of depression. Methods. Data were from a 2008 survey of adults in Minnesota and were limited to US-born and Somalia-born Black and White Americans (n = 938). R…
Racial Differences in Minnesota Nursing Home Residents’ Quality of Life
Racial differences in QOL exist on individual and aggregate levels. Individual differences are mainly explained by health status. The finding that facility racial composition predicts QOL more than individual race underscores the importance of examining NH structural characteristics and practices
Does Caregiver Well-Being Differ by Rurality and State Policy Environment? Identifying a Well-Being Typology for Rural, Suburban, and Urban Caregivers
Despite caregiving making up a considerable portion of how individuals and governments spend their time and money, its impacts on caregivers' well-being are not well understood. In this article, we identify the various manifestations of caregiver well-being, test rural-suburban-urban differences, and explore the role of state-level family policy. Drawing on responses from 4620 caregivers of adults and children to the STAT Caregiving surveys from …
Unmet Needs for Help With Mobility Limitations Among Older Adults Aging in Place
Rural older adults aging in place have greater unmet need s for help with mobility limitations. This study highlights several important gaps in supporting rural older adults aging in place
Resourcing Public Health to Meet the Needs of Rural America
Resourcing Public Health to Meet the Needs of Rural America Jonathon Leider PhD, and Carrie Henning-Smith PhD, MPH, MSW Affiliation Jonathon Leider is a senior lecturer in the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis. Carrie Henning-Smith is an assistant professor in the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, and deputy director, Rura…
The Public Health Case for Addressing Transportation-Related Barriers to Care
The Public Health Case for Addressing Transportation-Related Barriers to Care Carrie Henning-Smith PhD, MPH, MSW Affiliation Carrie Henning-Smith is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent to Carrie Henning-Smith, 2221 University Ave. SE, Suite 350, Minneapolis, MN 55414 (e-mail: [email protected]). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.a…
Characteristics of US Rural Hospitals by Obstetric Service Availability, 2017
Objectives. To describe characteristics of rural hospitals in the United States by whether they provide labor and delivery (obstetric) care for pregnant patients. Methods. We used the 2017 American Hospital Association Annual Survey to identify rural hospitals and describe their characteristics based on the lack or provision of obstetric services. Results. Among the 2019 rural hospitals in the United States, 51% (n = 1032) of rural hospitals did …
Differences by Sexual Orientation in Expectations About Future Long-Term Care Needs Among Adults 40 to 65 Years Old
Objectives. We examined whether and how lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults between 40 and 65 years of age differ from heterosexual adults in long-term care (LTC) expectations. Methods. Our data were derived from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey. We used ordered logistic regression to compare the odds of expected future use of LTC among LGB (n = 297) and heterosexual (n = 13 120) adults. We also used logistic regression models to ass…
Stigma, Discrimination, or Symptomatology Differences in Self-Reported Mental Health Between US-Born and Somalia-Born Black Americans
Objectives. We examined differences in self-reported mental health (SRMH) between US-born and Somalia-born Black Americans compared with White Americans. We tested how SRMH was affected by stigma toward seeing a mental health provider, discrimination in the health care setting, or symptoms of depression. Methods. Data were from a 2008 survey of adults in Minnesota and were limited to US-born and Somalia-born Black and White Americans (n = 938). R…
Delayed and Unmet Need for Medical Care Among Publicly Insured Adults With Disabilities
BACKGROUND: While Medicaid is an important source of insurance coverage for persons with disabilities, barriers remain to accessing care for this population. OBJECTIVES: This study addresses 3 research questions: (1) do adults with disabilities experience greater unmet need/delayed care?; (2) do barriers related to cost, providers, or structure vary by disability status?; and (3) do barriers mediate the relationship between disability and access …
Disability, Health Insurance, and Psychological Distress among US Adults
Structural resources, including access to health insurance, are understudied in relation to the stress process. Disability increases the likelihood of mental health problems, but health insurance may moderate this relationship. We explore health insurance coverage as a moderator of the relationship between disability and psychological distress. A pooled sample from 2008 to 2010 (N = 57,958) was obtained from the Integrated Health Interview Series…
Disparities in Health and Disability Among Older Adults in Same-Sex Cohabiting Relationships
This study adds to the limited information on health and disability among older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. As this population grows, gerontologists must develop a better understanding of the unique issues and challenges facing them and their families
Racial Differences in Minnesota Nursing Home Residents’ Quality of Life
Racial differences in QOL exist on individual and aggregate levels. Individual differences are mainly explained by health status. The finding that facility racial composition predicts QOL more than individual race underscores the importance of examining NH structural characteristics and practices
Differences by Sexual Orientation in Expectations About Future Long-Term Care Needs Among Adults 40 to 65 Years Old
Objectives. We examined whether and how lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults between 40 and 65 years of age differ from heterosexual adults in long-term care (LTC) expectations. Methods. Our data were derived from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey. We used ordered logistic regression to compare the odds of expected future use of LTC among LGB (n = 297) and heterosexual (n = 13 120) adults. We also used logistic regression models to ass…
Comparison of Health and Health Risk Factors Between Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults and Heterosexual Adults in the United States
IMPORTANCE: Previous studies identified disparities in health and health risk factors among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults, but prior investigations have been confined to samples not representative of the US adult population or have been limited in size or geographic scope. For the first time in its long history, the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey included a question on sexual orientation, providing health information on …
Ensuring Access to High-Quality Maternity Care in Rural America
Barriers to Timely Medical Care for Older Adults by Disability Status and Household Composition
Living arrangements are often influenced by disability status, and co-resident caregivers may facilitate access to health care, especially for community-dwelling older adults with disabilities. Despite this, we know very little about how disability status and household composition work together to affect health services use. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (2009–2011; n = 16,720), this study investigates (a) how access to med…
Access To Obstetric Services In Rural Counties Still Declining, With 9 Percent Losing Services, 2004–14
Recent closures of rural obstetric units and entire hospitals have exacerbated concerns about access to care for more than twenty-eight million women of reproductive age living in rural America. Yet the extent of recent obstetric unit closures has not yet been measured. Using national data, we found that 9 percent of rural counties experienced the loss of all hospital obstetric services in the period 2004-14. In addition, another 45 percent of ru…
Health Disparities by Sexual Orientation
Does the Medicare Part D Decision‐Making Experience Differ by Rural/Urban Location
PURPOSE: Although much has been written about Medicare Part D enrollment, much less is known about beneficiaries' personal experiences with choosing a Part D plan, especially among rural residents. This study sought to address this gap by examining geographic differences in Part D enrollees' perceptions of the plan decision-making process, including their confidence in their choice, their knowledge about the program, and their satisfaction with a…
Where do community-dwelling older adults with disabilities live? Distribution of disability in the United States of America by household composition and housing type
There is limited research on the living arrangements of older adults with disabilities, especially research that combines household composition and housing characteristics. This paper addresses that gap with two complementary sets of logistic regression models: first, estimating the odds of disability by household composition and housing type and, second, estimating the odds of disability by living arrangement within gender and age sub-groups. Da…
Rural-Urban Differences in Medicare Quality Outcomes and the Impact of Risk Adjustment
BACKGROUND: There has been considerable debate in recent years about whether, and how, to risk-adjust quality measures for sociodemographic characteristics. However, geographic location, especially rurality, has been largely absent from the discussion. OBJECTIVE: To examine differences by rurality in quality outcomes, and the impact of adjustment for individual and community-level sociodemographic characteristics on quality outcomes. DATA SOURCES…
Association Between Loss of Hospital-Based Obstetric Services and Birth Outcomes in Rural Counties in the United States
Importance: Hospital-based obstetric services have decreased in rural US counties, but whether this has been associated with changes in birth location and outcomes is unknown. Objective: To examine the relationship between loss of hospital-based obstetric services and location of childbirth and birth outcomes in rural counties. Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective cohort study, using county-level regression models in an annual inter…
Rural–Urban Differences in Risk Factors for Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Purpose: To examine rural–urban differences in motor vehicle fatality (MVF) risk factors. Methods: We used 2017 County Health Rankings data to run stratified regression models to estimate county-level correlates of motor vehicle fatalities (MVFs) by rural and urban location. Results: Rural counties have higher rates of MVFs than urban counties (22 vs. 14 per 100,000, p<0.001). Physical inactivity and uninsurance were associated with higher rates …
Rural Hospital Employment of Physicians and Use of Cesareans and Nonindicated Labor Induction
OBJECTIVE: Workforce issues constrain obstetric care services in rural US hospitals, and one strategy hospitals use is to employ physicians to provide obstetric care. However, little is known about the relationship between hospital employment of maternity care physicians and use of obstetric care procedures in rural hospitals. We examined the association between obstetric physician employment and use of cesareans and nonindicated labor induction.…
A National Examination of Caregiver Use of and Preferences for Support Services
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess rural-urban differences in caregiver use of and preferences for support services. Method: Using the 2015 Caregiving in the U.S. survey data ( n = 1,389), we analyzed rural-urban differences by caregiver residence in use of and preferences for support services. We analyzed bivariate differences in service use and preferences, as well as in sociodemographic and caregiving relationship characteris…
Rural‐Urban Difference in Workplace Supports and Impacts for Employed Caregivers
PURPOSE: This study examines rural-urban differences in employed caregivers' access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the association between work and caregiver strain, which can have negative impacts on health. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional analysis of employed caregivers (n = 635) from the 2015 Caregiving in the US survey, including bivariate comparisons of caregiver characteristics, access to workplace ben…
Maternal Opioid Use Disorder and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Among Rural US Residents, 2007–2014
PURPOSE: Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), and both maternal OUD and NAS are increasing disproportionately among rural residents. This study describes the trajectory and characteristics associated with diagnosis of maternal OUD or NAS among rural residents who gave birth at different types of hospitals based on rural/urban location and tea…
Rural‐Urban Differences in Medicare Quality Scores Persist After Adjusting for Sociodemographic and Environmental Characteristics
PURPOSE: Quality scores are strongly influenced by sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors, many of which lie outside of the clinician's control. As a result, there is vigorous debate about whether, and how, to risk-adjust quality measures. Yet, rurality has been largely missing from this debate, even though population and environmental characteristics are demonstrably different by rurality. We addressed this gap by examining the in…
Differences in Social Isolation and Its Relationship to Health by Rurality
PURPOSE: Social isolation is an urgent threat to public health. Meanwhile, health outcomes across multiple measures are worse in rural areas, where distance to neighbors is often greater and opportunities for social interaction may be scarcer. Still, very little research examines rural-urban differences in social isolation. This study addresses that gap by examining differences in social isolation by rurality among US older adults. METHODS: Using…
The Unique Impact of Covid-19 on Older Adults in Rural Areas
Older adults in rural areas of the U.S. face unique risks related to COVID-19. Rural areas are older, on average, than urban areas, and have more underlying health conditions and fewer economic resources. Rural health care is more limited, as is access to technology and online connectivity. Altogether, this puts rural older adults at risk of not only the virus, but of not being able to meet their health care, social, and basic needs. Rural/urban …
Maternal Opioid Use Disorder and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Among Rural US Residents, 2007–2014
The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in The Journal of Rural Health 35(1): 122-132 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jrh.12329). In Table 2, all cell values below 11 should be stated as ≤10. We apologize for this error
Meeting the Social Needs of Older Adults in Rural Areas
Humans are built to live in community, and our health suffers when our social needs are not met. 1 Yet, social isolation, defined as a lack of social contact, and loneliness, defined as a sense of being alone, are all too common. Early in 2020, research showed that more than 60% of all US adults are lonely
Medicine (51 works) · Gerontology (32 works) · Environmental health (31 works) · Rural area (26 works) · Demography (23 works) · Health care (23 works) · Logistic regression (23 works) · Psychology (21 works) · Nursing (17 works) · Population (16 works)