Development of water management strategies in southern Mesopotamia during the fourth and third millennium B.C.E

Bibliographic Data

ID12133595
AuthorsSimone Mantellini (0000-0001-8261-6500, Department of History and Cultures University of Bologna Ravenna Italy, corresponding author), Vincenzo Picotti (0000-0002-7273-4906, Department of Earth Sciences ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland), Abbas Al‐hussainy (0000-0002-0763-3164, College of Archaeology University of Al‐Qadisiyah Diwaniyah Iraq), Nicolò Marchetti (Department of History and Cultures University of Bologna Bologna Italy), Nicolo''Marchetti (0000-0003-0040-5115, University of Bologna), Federico Zaina (0000-0003-1525-1462, Department of Architecture Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy)
Year2024
Volume39
Issue3
Pages268-299
Publication date2024-01-23
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueGeoarchaeology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0883-6353 • E-ISSN: 1520-6548
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/gea.21992
OpenAlexW4391171443
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited58

The last two decades witnessed increasing scholarly interest in the history of water management in southern Mesopotamia. Thanks to many geoarchaeological research projects conducted throughout the central and southern Iraqi floodplains, a general understanding of the macrophases of anthropogenic manipulation of this vast hydraulic landscape has been achieved. However, current narratives mostly rely on studies at a regional scale and are based on excessively long chronological phases (often spanning a whole millennium). A finer‐tuned analysis at a submillennial scale is needed to better appreciate the dynamics that led to the development of artificial canals and irrigation systems and the creation of harbours in cities and other navigation‐related facilities. The Iraqi‐Italian QADIS project is addressing this issue through a systematic geoarchaeological investigation in the south‐eastern area of the Qadisiyah province. We aim to update the current narrative by analysing case studies involving specific periods of occupation. We performed 17 boreholes to propose a date on the functioning period of the hydraulic works in five selected archaeological sites of this region. This approach allowed us to understand changes in water management strategies in both the short and the medium term (i.e., on a scale of centuries). In this paper, we present the results for the fourth and third millennia B.C.E. This period witnessed a crucial passage from the basic exploitation of natural watercourses for irrigation and occasional navigation to the emergence of the first system of artificial canals and intraurban harbours

Ancient history · Geography · Mesopotamia · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Archaeology and Historical Studies · History · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology