Sons, Daughters, and Family Processes
Does Gender of Children Matter
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2297547 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sara Raley (Department of Sociology and Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742), Suzanne Bianchi (0000-0002-7920-1045, Department of Sociology and Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742), Suzanne M Bianchi (University of Maryland, College Park) |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 32 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 401-421 |
| Publication date | 2006-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Annual Review of Sociology (BOOK_SERIES) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0360-0572 • E-ISSN: 1545-2115 |
| Publisher | Annual Reviews (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123106 |
| OpenAlex | W2132679951 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 217 |
| References cited | 90 |
In the United States, parents prefer a child of each gender, and on many dimensions parents tend to treat sons and daughters similarly. However, fathers' investments appear to be somewhat higher in families with sons. Fathers spend more time with sons than with daughters. Fathers more often marry and stay married and mothers report more marital happiness in families with sons-although associations are weakening and differentials are not large. Divorced fathers more often have custody of sons than of daughters. Daughters do more housework than sons, mirroring the gendered division of labor in adulthood. Parental support of educational activities varies, with some parental behaviors greater for sons but others higher for daughters. Whether parents encourage gender differences or whether children's gender-differentiated behaviors elicit differential parental treatment cannot be easily determined with studies to date, most of which are cross-sectional or limited in other ways that hamper conclusions about causal mechanisms
Daughter · Developmental psychology · Division of labour · Happiness · Mirroring · Family Dynamics and Relationships · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics · Psychology · Social Psychology · Work-Family Balance Challenges
Maternal Employment and Children's Cognitive Ability in a Gender-Inegalitarian Society
O envolvimento do pai no processo desenvolvimental dos filhos
Reverse socialization? Gender beliefs between parents and their gender-liberal children in China
Gender Identity Development
Trends in Women’s and Men’s Time Use, 1965–2012
Children's Parents
Parent–Child Shared Time From Middle Childhood to Late Adolescence
Parents’ Nonstandard Work Schedules and Child Well-Being
Impact of ‘Having a Son’ on Women’s Intra-household Status
Impact of longer working hours on fathers’ parenting behavior when their infants are 6 months old
Happiness in Old Age
Out of the mouths of children
Helicopter Parenting and the Moderating Impact of Gender and Single-Parent Family Structure on Self-Efficacy and Well-Being
Testing a Contextual Model of Effects of Father Involvement on Child Behaviors
Exploring the Nexus Between Work-to-Family Conflict, Material Rewards Parenting and Adolescent Materialism
Gender similarities and differences in early childhood development in low- and middle-income countries
The association between paternal psychopathology and adolescent depression and anxiety
Causal decomposition analysis in disparities research
Does sex composition of offspring relate to fertility in urban areas? The case of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Sexual Orientation and Adolescent Time Use
Joint Physical Custody and Communication with Parents
Social Perceptions of Siblings' Sexual Composition
The influence of offspring's sex and age at parents' divorce on the intergenerational transmission of divorce, Norwegian first marriages 1980-2003
Preferences for the sex-composition of children in Europe
The effect of the transition to parenthood on relationship quality
Shaped by their daughters
Parenting Transgender Children in PFLAG
Parental educational investment in China
Children’s socio-emotional skills
The intergenerational transmission of gender
The Effect of a Child's Sex on Support for Traditional Gender Roles
Sex of Child, the Fatherhood Bonus, and Fathers' Work Hours
Men’s and Women’s Gender-Role Attitudes across the Transition to Parenthood
Examining parents' susceptibility
Race, Gender, Higher Education, and Socioeconomic Attainment
Causal Effects of Parental Leave on Adolescents' Household Work
Sibling Achievement, Sibling Gender, and Beliefs about Parental Investment
Does Parenthood Foster Traditionalism? Childrearing and Alterations in Gender and Family Attitudes in Japan
Does sibling composition in childhood contribute to adult fertility behaviors
To Marry or Not to Marry? Gender and Interethnic Group Trust
Who Pays the Price for Parental Education–Occupation Mismatch? Evidence From an Israeli City
Could Children’s Gender Predict Their Parents’ Housework Behavior
Family Structure and Youth Gender Ideologies in Germany and South Korea
From Partnership to Parenthood
Selective Reciprocity
Resilience in Adult Children of Divorce
The Role of Men's Childbearing Intentions in Father Involvement
Parental status in later life and parents’ risk of cognitive impairment
The impact of Children’s gender on Parent’s mental health and cognition -- evidence from China
The Role of Child’s Age, Sex, and Temperament in Father Involvement during the Pre-School Years
Sex differences in how are mothers’ SES related to late adolescents’ emotional stability in China
Parenting behaviors and deviant peer affiliation among Chinese adolescents
Examining the Relationship between Paternal Mental Health and Informal Support Networks
The positive effects of parents’ education level on children’s mental health in Indonesia
Determinants of fertility in rural Ethiopia
Yeah, I’ve grown; I can’t go out anymore’
Parenthood and Happiness
Public Narratives and Postsecondary Pursuits
Are we softly constructing more inclusive males? An examination of men’s interpersonal emotion work for children and partners
Children’s Academic Achievement and Behavior Problems at the Intersection of Gender and Family Environment
How Social Determinants of Health Shape Parental Concern and Teacher Recognition of Student Speech-Language Needs
Boys, Girls, and the Second Shift
Are mothers of sons more traditional? The influence of having son(s) and daughter(s) on parents’ gender ideology
Does sibling gender composition affect the cognitive ability of teenage girls? Evidence from rural China
The predominance of investment in girls’ after-school education in China and the logic of family preferences
Women’s perceived support of parents and parents-in-law in China
Mom made me do it”
Paternal and Maternal Involvement in Malaysian Adolescents
Gender and Children’s Wellbeing
Concerted Cultivation in Canada
Women’s Advantage in Higher Education
Contribution of Family Relationships to the Social–Emotional Functioning of Children of Incarcerated Fathers
Older Parents Benefit More in Health Outcome From Daughters’ Than Sons’ Emotional Care in China
Geographic Proximity Between Adult Children and Their Parents in Canada
The Retrospective Roles of Black Women in the Coddling of Black Boys
How long does the impact of corruption persist? Evidence from self-reported tax morale by multigenerational immigrants
Premarital birth, children’s sex composition and marital instability among women in sub-Saharan Africa
Sibling-sex composition, childbearing and female labour market outcomes in Indonesia
Parents at‐risk and their children
Parental influence on the physical activity of Chinese children
Men's Unpaid Work and Divorce
A Longitudinal Study of Son and Daughter Preference among Chinese Only-Children from Adolescence to Adulthood
Father involvement and children’s psychological adjustment
Gender Differences in Identity Concerns Among Sexual Minority Young Adults in China
Testing the conditional resource-dilution hypothesis
Young Adults’ Provision of Support to Middle-Aged Parents
Differential Effects of Perceptions of Mothers' and Fathers' Favoritism on Sibling Tension in Adulthood
Relationship Quality Between Older Fathers and Middle-Aged Children
Differential Parenting of African American Adolescents as an Explanation for Gender Disparities in Achievement
Who's Influencing Who? Adolescent Symptomatology and Caregiver Mindful Parenting
Fathers’ time investments in children
Changes in parental gender preference in the USA
Congruence of the Marital Relationship During Transition to Parenthood
Child care arrangements and gender
Gender and Family Financial Support in the Transition to Adulthood 1
How gendered is ambition? Educational and occupational plans of Indigenous youth in Australia
Generational Differences in Gender Attitudes Between Parents and Grown Offspring
Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Gay Preadoptive Parents’ Preferences About Child Gender
Attitudes about Affirmative Action for Women
Like Father, Like Son
Family Context and Gender Role Socialization in Middle Childhood
Sons, Daughters, and Parental Behaviour
Gender Differences in Caregiving
The Effect of Sibling Sex Composition on Women's Education and Earnings
Are sons and daughters treated more differently by fathers than by mothers
The Effects of Sons and Daughters on Men's Labor Supply and Wages
A meta-analytic review of gender variations in children's language use
Gender Differences in Family Stories
School-Age Children's Time Alone with Fathers in Single- and Dual-Earner Families
The Package Deal
The Economics of Women, Men, and Work
Families that Work
Child gender and father involvement in fragile families
Gender of children and birth timing
Gendering family composition
Child gender and the transition to marriage
Mother or Market? Effects of Maternal Employment on the Intellectual Ability of 4-Year-Old Children
Parenting from a distance
Household composition choices of older unmarried women
Sex of Previous Children and Intentions for Further Births in the United States, 1965–1976
Paternal involvement with adolescents in intact families
Who gets custody
More Daughters in Child Care? Child Gender and the Use of Nonrelative Child Care Arrangements
Women as Caregivers of the Elderly
Gender as an Organizing Feature in Parent‐Child Relationships
Moderators of gender effects on parents' talk to their children
Mother–father–infant interaction
Parent-child conversations about science
Effects of maternal employment and child-care arrangements on preschoolers' cognitive and behavioral outcomes
The Psychology of Sex Differences
Parents' influence on children's achievement-related perceptions
Understanding the 'Family Gap' in Pay for Women with Children
Sons or Daughters
The Stopping and Spacing of Childbirths and Their Birth-History Predictors
Emerging Parental Gender Indifference? Sex Composition of Children and the Third Birth
Housework in Marital and Nonmarital Households
A Treatise on the Family
The Wage Penalty for Motherhood
Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls
The Economics of Women, Men, and Work
The Effects of Family Characteristics and Time Use on Teenagers' Household Labor
Gender Differences in Parent-Child Coresidence Experiences
Fathering over Time
What Did You Do Today? Children's Use of Time, Family Composition, and the Acquisition of Social Capital
An Examination of Parent-Child Shared Time
Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart
Sons, Daughters, and Intergenerational Social Support
Does the Sex of Your Children Matter? Support for Feminism among Women and Men in the United States and Canada
Paternal Engagement Activities with Minor Children
Fathers, Sons, and Daughters
Girls or Boys? Relationship of Child Gender to Marital Instability
Determinants of Fathers' Participation in Family Work
Kinkeeping in the Familial Division of Labor
Sibling Structure and Parental Sex-Typing of Children's Household Tasks
Parental Caregiving by Adult Children
Is Anyone Doing the Housework? Trends in the Gender Division of Household Labor
Beyond Sibship Size
The Sexual Division of Labor
The Liability of Having Brothers
Maternal Employment and Adolescents' Academic Achievement
Becoming Mothers and Fathers
Doing Gender
Harsh, Firm, and Permissive Parenting in Low-Income Families
Gender Differences in Parent-Child Relations
Sons, Daughters and Fathers' Absence
Gender of Children and Receipt of Assistance From Absent Fathers
All My Children
Reconsidering the Effects of Sibling Configuration
Explaining the Gender Gap in Help to Parents
Social Support to Parents-in-Law
Are All Dads Equal? Biology Versus Marriage as a Basis for Paternal Investment
How American Children Spend Their Time
Children's Time With Fathers in Intact Families
Sons Versus Daughters
The Female World of Cards and Holidays
Are Parents Investing Less in Children? Trends in Mothers' and Fathers' Time with Children
Sons, Daughters, and the Risk of Marital Disruption
Sociobiology, Status, and Parental Investment in Sons and Daughters
Sibship Sex Composition
| Unique citing works | 217 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 11,42 |
| Citation span | 2007 - 2026 (20) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 214 |