Maternal Employment and Children's Cognitive Ability in a Gender-Inegalitarian Society
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 24020197 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jia Wang (0000-0003-1916-5086, Hong Kong Polytechnic University), James M Raymo (0000-0001-6766-685X, Princeton University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1179-1209 |
| Publication date | 2026-08-07 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Demography (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0070-3370 • E-ISSN: 1533-7790 |
| Publisher | Springer Science+Business Media (PUBLISHER • DE) |
| DOI | 10.1215/00703370-12777411 |
| PMID | 42565790 |
| OpenAlex | W7201857765 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 80 |
Maternal employment in regular full-time work is negatively associated with children's cognitive performance in Japan. The negative association is limited to the employment of mothers with a high school education or less. Mothers' nonstandard employment is unrelated to children's cognitive performance. Analyses examine children's cumulative exposure to mothers' employment. The estimation of marginal structural models facilitates causal inference.
Association (psychology) · Causal model · Cognition · Cognitive skill · Educational attainment · Estimation · Population · Socioeconomic status · Work (physics) · Family Dynamics and Relationships · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics · Work-Family Balance Challenges
Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology
Diverging Destinies Revisited
Sensitivity Analysis in Observational Research
The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women's Employment, Education, and Family
Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets
Multiple imputation using chained equations
Wage Discrimination
Women and Family in Contemporary Japan
The Pursuit of Gender Equality
Nonstandard Employment, Gender, and Subjective Well‐Being in Japan
Cultural and Institutional Factors Shaping Mothers' Employment and Working Hours in Postindustrial Countries
Gender‐Role Ideology, Labor Market Institutions, and Post‐industrial Fertility
Does Parenthood Foster Traditionalism? Childrearing and Alterations in Gender and Family Attitudes in Japan
Effects of maternal employment on the child
Household income and child well-being in Japan
Full‐time homemakers and economic disadvantage
Maternal involvement in preschool children's education in Japan
The status of women
Relation of Maternal Role Concepts to Parenting, Employment Choices, and Life Satisfaction Among Japanese Women
Cohort change in the educational gradient in women’s employment around childbirth in Japan
Maternal Working Conditions and Children's Verbal Facility
The Changing Institutional Context of Low Fertility
The Simultaneous Effects of Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Child Health on Children’s Cognitive Development
Inequality in Place
Mother or Market? Effects of Maternal Employment on the Intellectual Ability of 4-Year-Old Children
Diverging Mobility Trajectories
Diverging Destinies
Integrating Theory and Research on the Institutional Determinants of Fertility
Changes in women’s postmarital employment in Japan and Taiwan
Married Women’s Gender-Role Attitudes and Social Stratification
On the Specification and Estimation of the Production Function for Cognitive Achievement
Attachment and loss
National Family Policies and Mothers’ Employment
Who opts out of neighborhood schools? Determinants and consequences of school choice strategies in China
Maternal employment and time with children
From Sex Roles to Gendered Institutions
Diverging destinies
The Gender Revolution
Macro-level Gender Inequality and the Division of Household Labor in 22 Countries
Family Policies in OECD Countries
Maternal work early in the lives of children and its distal associations with achievement and behavior problems
Maternal Employment and Changes in Family Dynamics
Neighborhood Effects in Temporal Perspective
Maternal employment and children's achievement in context
Low Fertility, Socioeconomic Development, and Gender Equity
Gender Equity in Theories of Fertility Transition
Postindustrial Fertility Ideals, Intentions, and Gender Inequality
The Structure of Women's Employment in Comparative Perspective
Gender As Social Institution
Japanese adolescents' time use
Domestic division of labour and fertility preference in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
Educational Differences in Divorce in Japan
Marital Dissolution in Japan
Japanese Mothers and Obentōs
Maternal Employment
Work Environment and Japanese Fathers' Involvement in Child Care
Creating Gender Egalitarian Societies
Sons, Daughters, and Family Processes
Comparative Research on Women's Employment
Institutional Arrangements and Stratification Processes in Industrial Societies
Marriage and Family in East Asia
Diverging Destinies in East Asia
Gender Role Attitudes
Separate Spheres or Increasing Equality? Changing Gender Beliefs in Postwar Japan
Four Decades of Trends in Attitudes Toward Family Issues in the United States
Single Mothers and Poverty in Japan
Tainted leave
When mothers do it all
Babies, Work, or Both? Highly Educated Women's Employment and Fertility in East Asia
The Legacy of Disadvantage
Emerging inequality in effort
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |