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An agricultural complement to ancient northern Central Asian pastoralism on the steppe

A regional analysis of ceramic impressions

Bibliographic Data

ID24141160
AuthorsEiko Endo (0009-0001-2031-1506, Meiji University), R N Spengler (0000-0002-5648-6930, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Zhanargul Kaliyeva (0000-0002-4668-6058, Institute of Archaeology), Sagynbay Murgabayev (Ahmet Yesevi University), Mels Bakhtybayev (Ahmet Yesevi University), М Gursoy (0000-0003-1042-5697, Ahmet Yesevi University), Muzaffer Gursoy (Research Institute of Archaeology of the Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University), Bagdaulet Sizdikov (Ahmet Yesevi University), Bauyrzhan Baytanaev (Institute of Archaeology), Aisulu Yerzhigitova (Irkutsk Regional Museum of Local History), Shinya Shoda (0000-0001-9525-3710, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties)
Year2026
Volume5
Publication date2026-08-28
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Environmental Archaeology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2813-432X • E-ISSN: 2813-432X
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fearc.2026.1918428
OpenAlexW7204577858
LanguageEN
References cited50

The adaptive economies that allowed ancient people to, not only survive on the arid steppe of northern Central Asia, but also form early polities, elaborate burial practices, and specialized craft production, have attracted the attention of archaeologists for more than a century. Traditionally, these scholars have emphasized the first millennium BC as a key period of cultural change, labeling it the period when highly specialized nomadic pastoralism develop in this part of the world. While specialized nomadism has recently been challenged, it remains difficult to identify further evidence of agriculture at open-air sites because of deflation. We bypass the limitations in the archaeobotanical data by studying grain impressions on ceramic sherds from 24 archaeological sites across southern Kazakhstan, spanning more than two millennia. We identified impressions of hulled barley, naked barley, both broomcorn and foxtail millet, and rice at sites across this steppe belt, allowing us to piece together a more nuanced view of the ancient economy.

Agriculture · Central asia · Human settlement · Pastoralism · Period (music) · Pottery · Prehistory · Steppe · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Archaeology and Rock Art Studies · Eurasian Exchange Networks

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