Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Perceived social support, received social support, and depression among clergy

Bibliographic Data

ID2925823
AuthorsD E Eagle (0000-0003-4909-9497, Duke University, corresponding author), Celia F Hybels (Duke University), Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell (0000-0003-2008-3053, Duke University)
Year2019
Volume36
Issue7
Pages2055-2073
Publication date2019-07-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Social and Personal Relationships (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0265-4075 • E-ISSN: 1460-3608
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0265407518776134
OpenAlexW2803128597
LanguageEN
Citations received81
References cited44

We argue that perceived support is best conceptualized more as a measure of how an individual appraises his/her situation rather than a true reflection of how much support he/she receives. To test this theory, we used survey data from the Clergy Health Initiative Panel Survey to examine the relationship between perceived and received social support and their association with depressive symptoms in clergy ( N = 1,288). Overall, analyses revealed perceived support had a weak association with received support. Greater perceived support had a significant relationship with lower depressive symptoms. In contrast, greater received support had only a small relationship with lower depressive symptoms, which was fully mediated by perceived support. Our results raise questions about the effectiveness of many clergy social support interventions, which often aim to boost the quality and/or quantity of received social support. We suggest it may be more advantageous to boost perceptions of social support, possibly through cognitive reframing or positive mental health interventions

Depression (economics · Social support · Aging and Gerontology Research · Clinical Psychology · Health disparities and outcomes · Health, psychology, and well-being · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Lonely Shepherds? A Longitudinal Study of the Social, Psychological, and Spiritual Predictors of Loneliness among Catholic Priests in the United States

    Open Access•Laura Upenieks•Pastoral Psychology•2026

  • The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Ian Grey, Twinkle Arora et al.•Psychiatry Research•2020

  • How Church-Based Social Support Influences Health Among Older African American Adults

    Open Access•Elissa Kim, Ann W Nguyen et al.•Sociological Focus•2026

  • A Qualitative Study on External Resources and Post-Traumatic Growth in the Lived Experiences of Emerging Adults with Childhood Trauma in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

    Fathima Asma Bahardeen, Yaw Dong Low et al.•The Malaysian Journal of…•2025

  • Lapsiperheiden vanhempien kuvaukset saadusta sosiaalisesta tuesta poikkeusolojen aikana

    Open Access•Eveliina Heino, Hanna Kara•Tiede & edistys•2021

  • The effect of social media engagement on social integration of elderly migrants in China

    Open Access•Liu He, Hamedi Mohd Adnan et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2024

  • Limited social support is associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia in a Japanese working population

    Open Access•Chie Omichi, Yuki Kaminishi et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • A study on the environmental characteristics and social support for physical activity among adolescents

    Open Access•Lifen Guo, Xielin Zhou et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Ying Liu, Jinsheng Hu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Associations between Psychological Resilience and Social Support with Posttraumatic Growth in Breast Cancer Patients

    Pınar Harmancı, Erman Yıldız•Social Work in Public Health•2024

  • Does Flourishing Mental Health Improve Perceived Quality of Life

    Open Access•E Tammy Kim, Eunsoo Timothy Kim et al.•Journal of Happiness Studies•2025

  • How Communication Technology Fosters Individual and Social Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Natale Canale, Claudia Marino et al.•Journal of Happiness Studies•2022

  • Relationship between social support and positive mental health

    Open Access•Shiyue Hu, Dan Cai et al.•Current Psychology•2022

  • Co-rumination in depression

    Open Access•Amirhossein Rasouli, Zahra Nejad‐Ebrahim Soumee et al.•Current Psychology•2026

  • Covid-19 stress, social support, and loneliness during the transition to in-person learning

    Open Access•Vicky C Ho, David A Kalwicz et al.•Current Psychology•2026

  • Sense of coherence and burnout among school psychologists

    Open Access•Sivan George-Levi, Tomer Schmidt‐Barad et al.•Current Psychology•2022

  • Psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Ierq) in Turkish samples

    Open Access•Gizem Sarısoy-Aksüt, Tülin Gençöz•Current Psychology•2022

  • A mixed methods study of an online intervention to reduce perfectionism

    Open Access•Shanara Visvalingam, Hannah L McHardy et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • “Treat me like a person, rather than another number”

    L Faulkner, Wendy K Watson et al.•Communication Education•2021

  • The effect of information and communications technology use on the well-being of older Hong Kong Chinese adults

    Dannii Y Yeung, Lok Ching Chow et al.•Educational Gerontology•2023

  • Pre-Prison and Indigenous Predictors of Institutional Misconduct

    Open Access•Ellen Quick, Ellen K Quick et al.•International Journal of Offender…•2023

  • Longitudinal exploration of online learning burnout

    Open Access•Changqin Huang, Yaxin Tu et al.•European Journal of Psychology of…•2024

  • Receiving Social Support From Diverse Helpers

    Open Access•Shannon Ang, Johan Suen•Research on Aging•2023

  • Social support and trauma experiences of imprisoned men in Northern Ireland

    Open Access•Daniel Mcfadden, Gavin Davidson et al.•International Journal of Law and…•2024

  • Future self‐continuity and depression among college students

    Open Access•Lulu Xue, Yun Yan et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2023

  • Healthcare Hardship of Adult Children Taking Care of Aging Parents

    Open Access•Mengya Wang•The International Journal of…•2025

  • Suicidal Ideation Among Students at a United States Seminary

    Open Access•Ryan A Parker, Josh Gaghan et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2026

  • The Clergy Resilience Model

    Open Access•Margaret Allison Clarke•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2023

  • Pastoring in a Pandemic

    Open Access•Erin F Johnston, John Headley et al.•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2023

  • Development and Validation of the Perceived Partner Stroke Scale in Chinese Married Individuals

    Jingjing Le, Shu Zhang et al.•Transactional Analysis Journal•2025

  • The weight of the yoke

    Open Access•Logan Tice, Logan C Tice et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2025

  • The relationship between social support, spiritual well-being, and depression in Christian clergy

    Laura Edwards, Roger Bretherton et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2020

  • Perceived social support and depressive symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Yeong Jun Ju, WOORIM KIM et al.•International Journal of Social…•2023

  • Longitudinal Effect of Perceived Family Support on Marital Adjustment Moderated by Stepfamily Type

    Open Access•Carina Santos, Maria E Costa et al.•Journal of Family Issues•2026

  • Examining Marital Quality within the Clergy Profession

    Open Access•Malik Muhammad Sohail, Bo-Hyeong Jane Lee et al.•Journal of Family Issues•2026

  • The Power of Spousal Support in Ministry

    Open Access•Malik Muhammad Sohail, Bo-Hyeong Jane Lee et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2026

  • Social Support and Meaning in Life

    Open Access•Jia-Yi Cai, Xin-Qiang Wang et al.•Journal of Happiness Studies•2026

  • Linguistic Analysis of Online Domestic Violence Testimonies in the Context of Covid-19

    Open Access•Valentin L Buchner, Sharina Hamm et al.•SAGE Open•2023

  • Breaking the silence

    Open Access•Wanting Yang, Yuanni Duan et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Burden and satisfaction with social support in families with a history of problematic substance use or dementia – a comparison

    Open Access•Renate Soellner, Christine Hofheinz•BMC Psychology•2024

  • Improvements in depression symptomatology in a sample of undergraduate students

    Open Access•Shuzhi Zhou, Keyi Qin et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Covid-19 Phobia Scale

    Open Access•Yuntian Xie, İbrahim Arpacı et al.•BMC Psychology•2022

  • Stress, social support, and racial differences

    Open Access•Chinwoke Isiguzo, Dara D Mendez et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2022

  • Medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS-SSS) in patients with chronic disease

    Open Access•César Merino‐Soto, César Merino-Soto et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  • Spiritual Well-Being, Social Support, and Financial Distress in Determining Depression

    Open Access•Hamid Sharif Nia, Özkan Görgülü et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2021

  • Parental democratic communication and adolescent well-being in an era of loneliness

    Open Access•Simin Liu, Sydney X Hu et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2024

  • Perceived Social Support Increases Creativity

    Open Access•Chee Seng Tan, Xi-Yuan Chin et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Loneliness and Mental Health

    Open Access•Elody Hutten, Ellen M M Jongen et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • The Influence of Research Follow-Up during Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Distress and Resilience

    Open Access•Pham Thi Thu Huong, Chia‐Yi Wu et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Depression in older Turkish immigrants and natives in Germany

    Open Access•N Tuğba Bahar, Jasmin Tahmaseb-McConatha et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • The association between chronotype and social anxiety among Chinese university students

    Open Access•Yingying Zhu, Junling Liu et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • The relationship between self-consciousness and depression in college students

    Open Access•Ye Yuan, Yuan Ye et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Adverse childhood experiences and deviant behaviors among Chinese rural emerging adults

    Open Access•Yiqing Wang, Shuang Ma et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Development of a short version of the perceived social support scale

    Open Access•Yunchou Wu, Jingqi Tang et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Acculturative Stress, Mental Health, and Well-Being among Deaf Adults

    Open Access•Aileen Aldalur, Lawrence H Pick•The Journal of Deaf Studies and…•2023

  • Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others

    Open Access•Jialan Ma, Qianguo Xiao•Psychological Reports•2024

  • The Distinction Between Social Connectedness and Support When Examining Depressive Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Caroline Park, Kimberley C Tsujimoto et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2023

  • Validation of the Factor Structure and Gender-Related Measurement Invariance of the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (Short Form)

    Open Access•Jan Novotny, Lucie Křeménková et al.•Social Sciences•2022

  • The influence of perceived social support on support seeking across individualistic/collectivistic employees

    Open Access•Merve Acikdeniz, Yong Wah Goh et al.•International Journal of Cross…•2024

  • In/Out of the Closet

    Open Access•Marc Eric Santos Reyes, Nickaella B Bautista et al.•Sexuality & Culture•2022

  • What Makes Them Happy? The Determinant Factors of Happiness Among Communities in an Endemic Phase

    Open Access•Naziatul Aziah Mohd Radzi, Normaizatul Akma Saidi et al.•Health & Social Care in the…•2026

  • Divergent network pathways linking personality, approach–avoidance goals, and marital adjustment to psychological well-being

    Open Access•Sunjeong Gyeong, Huiyoung Shin•Journal of Social and Personal…•2026

  • Stronger together than apart

    Open Access•Robin Ortiz, Rachel E Massar et al.•Appetite•2024

  • Is lifestyle a bridge between perceived social support and depression in Chinese university students

    Open Access•Ma Yichen, Chuntian Lu et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2024

  • Psychological maltreatment and loneliness in Chinese children

    Open Access•Shilan Luo, Yunyan Liu et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2020

  • Youth Perceived Social Support and Symptom Distress

    Open Access•Eline M Meuleman, William M van der Veld et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2024

  • Factors That Influence Depression Categorization in Christian Clergy Members From the United States

    Open Access•Rachel Lawrence, Craig A Warlick et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2024

  • How Do Imams Describe Mental Health and Well-Being? A Qualitative Study

    Open Access•D E Eagle, Malik Muhammad Sohail•Pastoral Psychology•2026

  • Perceived Family Socioeconomic Status and Subjective Well-being in Chinese Youth and Adolescents

    Open Access•Cheng Guo, Xin Li•Child Indicators Research•2025

  • Give me Support and Hope, and I Can Be Creative

    Open Access•Chee Seng Tan, Jonathan E Ramsay et al.•Applied Research in Quality of Life•2025

  • Reducing Burnout and Resignations among Frontline Workers

    Open Access•Elizabeth Linos, Krista Ruffini et al.•Journal of Public Administration…•2022

  • The relationships between perceived social support, psychological well-being and acceptance-rejection levels toward their children in parents with multiple sclerosis

    Open Access•Utku Beyazit, Sümeyye Koç et al.•Journal of Health Psychology•2025

  • Fitness self-presentations on social media and the impact of social support on physical activities

    Open Access•Hyung-Min Kim•Journal of Health Psychology•2024

  • ICT, Supply Chain Digital Integration Capability, and Firm Financial Performance

    Open Access•Jun Zhao, Xiao-Yan Liu et al.•SAGE Open•2024

  • Longitudinal associations of social support, everyday social interactions, and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Brian N Chin, Thomas W Kamarck et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2023

  • Perceived social support, received social support, and depression among clergy

    Open Access•D E Eagle, Celia F Hybels et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2019

  • Social Networks, Support, and Depressive Symptoms

    Open Access•Jennifer Lutz, D E Eagle•Socius Sociological Research for…•2019

  • Is There a Crisis in Clergy Health

    Open Access•Anna Holleman, D E Eagle•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2023

  • The Resilience of Clergywomen

    Open Access•Anna Holleman•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2023

  • Divine Struggles Among Those Doing God's Work

    Open Access•Laura Upenieks, D E Eagle•Sociology of Religion•2024

  • Reproducing Inequality in a Formally Antiracist Organization

    D E Eagle, David Eagle et al.•American Journal of Sociology•2022

  • Social ties and health

    Open Access•Teresa Seeman, Teresa E Seeman•Annals of Epidemiology•1996

  • Social Support and the Outcome of Major Depression

    Open Access•L K George, Dan G Blazer et al.•The British Journal of Psychiatry•1989

  • Social exchange and well-being

    Jersey Liang, N Krause et al.•Psychology and Aging•2001

  • Social Relationships and Health

    Sheldon Cohen, Benjamin H Gottlieb et al.•Social support measurement and…•2000

  • Understanding the Links Between Social Support and Physical Health

    Open Access•Bert N Uchino•Perspectives on Psychological…•2009

  • Low Social Support and Major Depression

    Brian Lakey, Arika Cronin•Risk factors in depression•2008

  • The PHQ-9

    Kurt Kroenke, Robert L Spitzer et al.•Journal of General Internal…•2001

  • Social Relationships and Health

    Open Access•James S House, Karl R Landis et al.•Science•1988

  • Help-seeking attitudes and coping strategies among Roman Catholic secular clergy

    Igor J Pietkiewicz, Dawid Bachryj•Psychology of Religion and…•2016

  • God's potters

    Leslie Francis, Leslie Pickering Francis•Journal of Empirical Theology•2007

  • The Paradox of Received Social Support

    Open Access•Natalya C Maisel, Shelly L Gable•Psychological Science•2009

  • Methodological considerations in the use of name generators and interpreters

    Open Access•D E Eagle, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell•Social Networks•2015

  • The relationship between self‐reported received and perceived social support

    Open Access•Mason G Haber, Jay L Cohen et al.•American Journal of Community…•2007

  • Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models

    Open Access•Manuel Barrera•American Journal of Community…•1986

  • A preventive, psychoeducational approach to increase perceived social support

    Open Access•Elena F Brand, ELENA BRAND et al.•American Journal of Community…•1995

  • Depression and Anxiety in Roman Catholic Secular Clergy

    Open Access•Sarah Knox, Stephen G Virginia et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2002

  • Burnout and Depression Among Roman Catholic Secular, Religious, and Monastic Clergy

    Open Access•Stephen G Virginia•Pastoral Psychology•1998

  • Pilot Study of Psychopathology Among Roman Catholic Secular Clergy

    Open Access•Sarah Knox, Stephen G Virginia et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2006

  • Social Isolation in America

    Open Access•Miller Mcpherson, L Smith-Lovin et al.•American Sociological Review•2006

  • Receiving support as a mixed blessing

    Marci E J Gleason, Masayo Iida et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • Open hearts build lives

    Barbara L Fredrickson, Michael Cohn et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • Working Models of Attachment Shape Perceptions of Social Support

    Nancy L Collins, Brooke C Feeney•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • Cognitive processes in perceived social support

    Brian Lakey, Patricia B Cassady•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Social Isolation in America

    Open Access•A Paik, Kenneth Sanchagrin•American Sociological Review•2013

  • Cloning Headless Frogs and Other Important Matters

    P Bearman, Paolo Parigi•Social Forces•2004

  • Supporting the supporter

    Open Access•M H Faw•Journal of Social and Personal…•2018

  • An attachment and behavioral systems perspective on social support

    Open Access•Mario Mikulincer, P R Shaver•Journal of Social and Personal…•2009

  • Perceived social support, received social support, and depression among clergy

    Open Access•D E Eagle, Celia F Hybels et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2019

  • Good to have but not to use

    Open Access•Joann P Reinhardt, Kathrin Boerner et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2006

  • Social support

    Open Access•Stevan E Hobfoll•Journal of Social and Personal…•2009

  • Challenges in conceptualizing social support

    Open Access•Anita L Vangelisti•Journal of Social and Personal…•2009

  • Perceived Support, Received Support, and Adjustment to Stressful Life Events

    Elaine Wethington, R C Kessler•Journal of Health and Social…•1986

  • Does Social Participation Predict Better Health? A Longitudinal Study in Rural Malawi

    Open Access•Tyler W Myroniuk, Philip Anglewicz•Journal of Health and Social…•2015

  • Social Disconnectedness, Perceived Isolation, and Health among Older Adults

    Open Access•Erin York Cornwell, L J Waite•Journal of Health and Social…•2009

  • Cross-National Comparison of Social Support Structures between Taiwan and the United States

    Open Access•J Son, Nan Lin et al.•Journal of Health and Social…•2008

  • Overcoming the Challenges of Pastoral Work? Peer Support Groups and Psychological Distress among United Methodist Church Clergy

    Andrew Miles, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell•Sociology of Religion•2013

Unique citing works81
Citations per year11,57
Citation span2019 - 2026 (8)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 80
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae