The “Representative Bureaucracy” in Education
Educator Workforce Diversity, Policy Outputs, and Outcomes for Disadvantaged Students
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9735160 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jason A Grissom (0000-0001-9819-8550, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, corresponding author), Emily C Kern (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN), Luis A Rodríguez (0000-0002-4877-2056, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN) |
| Year | 2015 |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 185-192 |
| Publication date | 2015-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Educational Researcher (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0013-189X • E-ISSN: 1935-102X |
| Publisher | American Educational Research Association (AERA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.3102/0013189x15580102 |
| OpenAlex | W2134757706 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 90 |
| References cited | 52 |
Bureaucratic representation—the idea that a governmental organization is better situated to serve its clients when its employee composition reflects that of its client population—has received considerable scholarly attention in the study of public institutions in the fields of political science and public administration. In a wide variety of settings, this research has demonstrated important connections between the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of the public sector workforce and how different groups—particularly traditionally underserved groups—interact with street-level bureaucrats and benefit from public services. Although scholars in those fields long ago recognized that the public school system is a large bureaucracy with diverse street-level bureaucrats (teachers) and clients (students and parents) and thus began studying bureaucratic representation in the context of schools, the concept and the causal mechanisms it hypothesizes remain largely unfamiliar to education researchers. This article synthesizes the main ideas from the bureaucratic representation literature and demonstrates their applicability to schooling outcomes—including discipline, gifted assignment, special education, and student achievement—with the goal of opening up new avenues for education research into the mechanisms linking demographic similarity among educators and students to schooling outputs and outcomes
Bureaucracy · Context (archaeology · Ethnic group · Political science · Politics · Population · Public relations · Representation (politics · Situated · Sociology · Variety (cybernetics · Workforce · Education Discipline and Inequality · Gender Politics and Representation · Public Administration · Public Policy and Administration Research
The Race Evasive Gifted Program
The correlates of teacher turnover
Discretion and Disproportionality
A Teacher Like Me
Exposure to Same-Race Teachers and Student Disciplinary Outcomes for Black Students in North Carolina
Estimating the Effect of State Zero Tolerance Laws on Exclusionary Discipline, Racial Discipline Gaps, and Student Behavior
The Effects of Teacher Match on Students’ Academic Perceptions and Attitudes
Racial Representation of School Principals
Examining the intersectionality among teacher race/ethnicity, school context, and risk for occupational stress
Preparing teacher candidates to be culturally responsive in classroom management
Linking Scholarship and Practice
Age Matters
Serving a Diverse Population
Managing classroom management preparation in teacher education
“Nobody’s Mule”
Student-Teacher Ethnoracial Matching in the Earliest Grades
Revisiting the “Decline” in Asian American and Pacific Islander Teachers
Admissions Officers’ Perceptions When Undocumented Students Seek In-State Resident Tuition Policy
The pretend me, and the real me – male student teachers negotiating gender and professional identity in China
Exposure to Same-Race or Same-Ethnicity Teachers and Advanced Math Course-Taking in High School
Representation Is Not Enough
Two Wrongs Do Not Make a Right
Assessing the Impact of Inclusion Strategies on the Department of Defense Civilian Workforce
The effects of teacher–child racial congruence, child race, and emotion situation knowledge on teacher–child relationships and school readiness
Elementary teacher occupational health outcomes across schools with varying resources and demographics
A pathway to teaching for paraprofessionals of color
Exploring a Teacher Residency as a Recruitment and Retention Strategy for High-Need Districts
Pre-service teachers’ motivations to enter the profession
A conceptual framework of teacher turnover
Leading Inclusive Schools
Interventions to reduce bureaucratic discrimination
Does Race Affect Access to Government Services? An Experiment Exploring Street‐Level Bureaucrats and Access to Public Housing
Developing Critically Conscious, Latinx Preservice Teachers
Equity Orientations of Novice Teachers
The Effects of Student–Teacher Ethnoracial Matching on Chronic Absenteeism
Educators’ experiences as K-12 students and efficacy for teaching in diverse schools
Student–teacher gender congruence and student performance
Lest to Blame Students
Racialized teacher tracking
The Plight of the Male Teacher
A charge to keep I have
Blood, sweat, and tears
A director like me
Teacher-child racial/ethnic match from prekindergarten through first grade
Linking school organizational characteristics and teacher retention
Teaching for social justice
The Role of Organizational and Client Reactions in Understanding Representative Bureaucracy
Minority Public Administrators
Representative Bureaucracy Through Staff With Lived Experience
Ambition Is Priceless
Racial Representation and Socialization in Bureaucratic Organizational Structures
Teaching Bias? Relations between Teaching Quality and Classroom Demographic Composition
Bureaucratic Dysfunctions in the Education of Latino Immigrant Youth
Contextual factors associated with the use of corporal punishment in U.S. public schools
The Micropolitics of Educational Inequality
Which Students are Exposed to Teachers of Color
Representation, Diversity, and Organizational Performance
Racial and Ethnic Representation of the Local Public Health Workforce
Us and Them
Irreconcilable Differences
The Role of Desegregation and Teachers of Color in Discipline Disproportionality
Recruiting and Retaining Asian American and Pacific Islander Teachers
Managing Racial Diversity
Winds of change
Representative bureaucracy and the policy environment
Wartime Leadership as a Bridge Over Troubled Waters
Associations Between Teacher–Student Racial/Ethnic Congruence and Public School Teachers’ Risk for Stress
Rookie Mistakes
Representation and Salary Gaps by Race-Ethnicity and Gender at Selective Public Universities
The Importance of Minority Teachers
Teacher Racial Composition and Exclusion Rates Among Black or African American Students
Teacher Candidates’ Developing Beliefs About Diversity and Its Role in Effective Literacy Teaching
Teacher-Child Racial/Ethnic Match and Parental Engagement With Head Start
From Interest to Entry
Sorting Through Performance Evaluations
Affective control
Ethnic/Racial Representation in Leadership Positions in US School Districts, 2002–2014
Gender and the State Politics of Policy Implementation in Education
Bureaucracy, Democracy, and Race
Examining the Influence of Representative Bureaucracy in Public and Private Prisons
The Impact of Demographic Representation on Absences and Suspensions
Socioeconomic Representation
Disentangling the Causal Mechanisms of Representative Bureaucracy
Country of Origin and Representative Bureaucracy
Understanding Individual and Organizational Level Representation
How Does Minority Political Representation Affect School District Administration and Student Outcomes
A Primer on Asian Americans and Asian American Studies for Public Administration
Enduring Problems, Rethinking Process, Fulfilling Promises
An Exploration of School Organization Metaphors and Their Contribution to School Change
Who Really Represents Me? The Case of Afro-Latinx Bureaucratic Representation in New York City Public Schools
Female Socialization
Street-Level Bureaucracy
Achieving Equity in Special Education
Bureaucracy & Representative Government
Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
A Teacher Like Me
Teachers, Race, and Student Achievement in a Randomized Experiment
A supervisor like me
The Impact of Representative Bureaucracies
Representative Bureaucracy and Policy Tools
Diversifying the Teaching Force
The Color of Discipline
Racial Diversity, Representative Bureaucracy, and Equity in Multiracial School Districts
Gender, Representative Bureaucracy, and Law Enforcement
African Americans and Multicultural Education
The Implicit Prejudiced Attitudes of Teachers
The Promise of Representative Bureaucracy
Representative Bureaucracy and Distributional Equity
Teachers, Students, and Discrimination
Bureaucratic Representation, Distributional Equity, and Democratic Values in the Administration of Public Programs
"Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent "Yes
Minority Student Achievement
Hispanic Americans and Educational Policy
Representative Bureaucracy
A Demand-Side Perspective on the Importance of Representative Bureaucracy
Race, Region, and Representative Bureaucracy
Does My Boss's Gender Matter? Explaining Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover in the Public Sector
Diversity, Representation, and Performance
Structure and Discretion
Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation
Latinos and Representative Bureaucracy Testing the Thompson and Henderson Hypotheses1
Linking Passive and Active Representation by Gender
Sorting Through
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
Backward Mapping
Education and Governance
Desegregating Gifted Education
What Has Economics to Say About Racial Discrimination
Lipstick and Logarithms
| Unique citing works | 90 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,18 |
| Citation span | 2015 - 2026 (12) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 89 |