Mark A Runco
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 104697 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Mark A Runco |
| NOMBRES | Mark A |
| APELLIDO | Runco |
| FIRMA | RUNCO M A |
| AFILIACIONES | Southern Oregon University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5043-7900 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 151 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1984 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Pseudo-creativity and authentic creativity differ in conceptual boundaries
Convergent thinking, divergent thinking, and openness to experience as predictors of academic success among high-achieving and typical-achieving medical students
BACKGROUND: Creativity-related cognitive processes and personality traits are not often examined together in educational contexts, particularly when discussing high-achieving subgroups of medical students. This study investigated these predictors of academic performance among high-achieving and typical-achieving medical students within a problem-based learning (PBL) environment of a medical school. METHODS: Data were collected from 274 Doctor of …
Second-Order Meta-Analysis of the Creativity Research
This second-order meta-analysis examined 52 first-order creativity meta-analyses (164 effect sizes) which met inclusion and exclusion criteria. These meta-analyses provided data from 2609 studies (1,248,416 research participants) and 16,153 primary effect sizes. The original meta-analyses all examined creativity, but each had a specific focus. Even with that large range of foci, certain questions could be addressed with a second-order meta-analys…
Multicultural Experience, Creativity, and the Missing Link
Creativity is increasingly recognized as an essential skill for higher education to prepare students for the workplace. As the world is becoming increasingly globalized with international trades, study abroad programs, and communication technologies, higher education faces the challenge of enhancing creativity skills while making sense of individuals' multicultural experiences (MCEs). Previous studies have highlighted the roles of both MCE and em…
The Misleading Definition of Creativity Suggested by AI Must Be Kept out of the Classroom
The advent of AI is likely to make it difficult to support the creativity of students. This article points to the specific problem whereby the pseudo-creativity of AI is misinterpreted as authentic creativity, which could in turn mislead educators. The result would be a failure to optimally support the authentic creativity of students. There are suggestions that AI can be creative, but also compelling reasons to reject that claim. These include t…
Gender differences in creative potential
Updating the Standard Definition of Creativity to Account for the Artificial Creativity of AI
Recent developments in AI compel an update of the “standard definition of creativity.” This short article cites various proposed additions to the standard definition, which point to Surprise, Value, Authenticity, and Intentionality. The latter two are the most useful when distinguishing human from artificial (machine) creativity. Artificial creativity can be contrasted with pseudo-creativity as well as human creativity. Artificial creativity may …
The Impact of Setting, Time of Day, and Giftedness on Divergent Thinking Test Scores
Students may not express their creativity uniformly, across all settings and under all conditions. Creativity is sensitive to expected evaluations, for example, and likely to vary when the individual is alone, in a small group, or in a large group. Quite a bit of research has demonstrated that certain conditions can be created to support creative thinking by students. The present study focused on two key factors that may impact divergent thinking…
Examining the Idea Density and Semantic Distance of Responses Given by AI to Tests of Divergent Thinking
Research suggests that generative AI (GAI) responds to divergent thinking (DT) prompts with multiple ideas, some of which seem to be original. The present investigation administered 55 DT tasks to three GAI services (Bard, GPT 3.5, and GPT 4.0). Instead of examining individual responses, an Idea Density algorithm was used to assess the output. This algorithm quantifies the ideas within responses, controlling for the number of words. A subset of t…
The Authentic Learning of Humans Is a Creative Process and Very Different from the Artificially Creative Output of AI
This article examines theories which suggest that authentic learning requires creativity. The connection between creativity and learning has been recognized for quite some time. Several of the theories examined herein are decades old. The older theories include Piaget's and Dewey's, and less obviously the humanistic theory of self‐actualization. It is quite useful to take these perspectives, though older, into account. The idea of authentic learn…
Give me Support and Hope, and I Can Be Creative
Social support has been found to facilitate creativity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Guided by the broadened-and-build theory, this correlational study addressed the question of how perceived social support (PSS) influences self-rated creativity through the mediating role of hope. Study 1 included a community sample of 1204 individuals aged 18 to 64 from Australia, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore. Correlation…
Validation of Arabic Version of Runco Ideational Behavior Scale
This empirical investigation examined the cross-cultural usefulness of a measure of creative potential, namely the short form of the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS). The RIBS has been used in several investigations and existing data show it to be a reliable criterion measure, usually with a two-factor structure. Scores from the RIBS correlated with tests of divergent thinking (DT); however, the RIBS is much easier to administer. Both DT an…
Is Creativity Expressed at Home Related to Creativity Expressed at School? A Re‐Examination of the Creativity Gap with Gifted and Nongifted Students
Previous research suggests that environment can play an important role in encouraging or discouraging creative expression and productivity. Additional research has uncovered a discrepancy between the creativity students express at school and the creativity they express outside of school. The fact that, in previous research, students expressed more creativity outside of school than when in school implies that school discourages creativity. So far,…
Creative Potential is Differentially Expressed in School, at Home, and the Natural Environment
Creative potential is one of the most important topics for research. It is difficult to study because, unlike creative products, potential is by definition latent. There are several useful methods. One involves comparing creative activity expressed in various settings. Previous research has, for example, compared creativity expressed in school with that expressed by the same individuals when they are in the natural environment (i.e., outside of s…
Creative Achievement of Eminent Scientists in Tang and Song Dynasties of China
The creative achievements of eminent genius in Chinese history are of enormous interest. There is, however, uncertainty about the accurate measurement of eminence and creativity. The most tenable measurement approach is historiometric. Nearly all historiometric research on eminence and creative achievement has involved Western samples. The present investigation used historiometry to test two hypotheses about creative achievement with Eastern samp…
Creativity and Human Flourishing
Creativity is related to effective problem-solving, adaptability, diverse indicators of success, and various indicators of health, learning, development, and growth. This chapter examines how creativity is related to human flourishing. It ties creative problem-solving to flourishing, the idea being that it is easy to flourish when the individual can creatively solve problems. Much the same logic is used in the discussion of adaptability and creat…
Positive Creativity and the Intentions, Discretion, Problem Finding, and Divergent Thinking That Support It Can Be Encouraged in the Classroom
This article begins by presenting a definition of positive creativity. This definition is based in part on the standard view of creativity, which points to originality and effectiveness. A brief discussion of the distinction between benevolent creativity and malevolent creativity indicates that intentions should also be required of positive creativity. Intentions may seem like difficult things to monitor in the classroom, but several useful metho…
Creativity
Birth Order and Divergent Thinking
This article is a meta-analysis examining the association of birth order and divergent thinking (DT). The main purpose was to examine how ordinal position (only, first, middle, or last-born) is related to creativity. Results showed that first-borns had higher DT scores than later-born children
Does Cognitive Style Moderate Expected Evaluation and Adolescents' Creative Performance
Two studies investigated the effects of cognitive and school environmental factors on adolescents' creative performance. The first study tested the effects of expected evaluation and cognitive style on creativity among 89 high school students. The second study tested the effects of evaluation type and cognitive style on creativity among 92 high school students. Study 1 found main effects of expected evaluation and cognitive style on creativity. T…
What should people be told when they take a divergent thinking test? A meta-analytic review of explicit instructions for divergent thinking
Problem finding and creativity
Is the Reliability of Objective Originality Scores Confounded by Elaboration
In recognition of the capability of text-mining models to quantify aspects of language use, some creativity researchers have adopted text-mining models as a mechanism to objectively and efficiently score the Originality of open-ended responses to verbal divergent thinking tasks. With the increasing use of text-mining models in divergent thinking research, concerns have been raised about how text-mining-based Originality estimates can be confounde…
Approach motivational orientation enhances malevolent creativity
Divergent thinking
International Preferences in Selecting Mates
This study sought to identify the effects of culture and sex on mate preferences using samples drawn world-wide. Thirty-seven samples were obtained from 33 countries located on six continents and five islands (N = 9,474). Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed strong effects of both culture and sex, moderated by specific mate characteristics. Chastity proved to be the mate characteristic on which cultures varied the most. The preference order…
Creativity
Creativity has clear benefits for individuals and society as a whole. Not surprisingly, a great deal of research has focused on creativity, especially in the past 20 years. This chapter reviews the creativity research, first looking to the relevant traits, capacities, influences, and products, and then within disciplinary perspectives on creativity (e.g., biological, cognitive, developmental, organizational). Great headway is being made in creati…
The Risky Side of Creativity
Risk taking is often associated with creativity, yet little evidence exists to support this association. The present article aimed to systematically explore this association. In two studies, we investigated the relationship between five different domains of risk taking (financial, health and safety, recreational, ethical and social) and five different measures of creativity. Results from the first (laboratory-based) offline study suggested that c…
Problem discovery, divergent thinking, and the creative process
The Effect of Television and Radio on Children's Creativity
Journal Article The Effect of Television and Radio on Children's Creativity Get access Mark A. Runco, Mark A. Runco 1Mark A. Runco is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Hawaii at Hilo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kathy Pezdek Kathy Pezdek 2Kathy Pezdek is an associate professor of psychology at Claremont Graduate School. This research was supported by a grant to Kathy Pezdek from …
The Authentic Learning of Humans Is a Creative Process and Very Different from the Artificially Creative Output of AI
This article examines theories which suggest that authentic learning requires creativity. The connection between creativity and learning has been recognized for quite some time. Several of the theories examined herein are decades old. The older theories include Piaget's and Dewey's, and less obviously the humanistic theory of self‐actualization. It is quite useful to take these perspectives, though older, into account. The idea of authentic learn…
Operant Theories of Insight, Originality, and Creativity
There is no doubt that operant theory has contributed to our understanding of behaviors that are indicative of creativity, such as insight, novelty, and originality. The operant research that has been applied to these indicative behaviors is reviewed in this article. What exactly does this research tell us about creativity? To answer that, three issues must be explored. One of these concerns contingencies and intrinsic motivation. Can both contri…
Creativity in the Moral Domain
Specific domains of talent have been increasingly recognized by educators. Howard Gruber has done a great deal to direct attention to what may be the most critical domain, namely, moral creativity. The intent of this article is to honor Gruber's genius in our own humble fashion, by reviewing and integrating the recent work on moral creativity. Special attention is directed to points of agreement found in the literature to implications for studies…
Independence and the creative potential of gifted and exceptionally gifted boys
Exceptional giftedness in early adolescence and intrafamilial divergent thinking
The Effect of Television and Radio on Children's Creativity
Journal Article The Effect of Television and Radio on Children's Creativity Get access Mark A. Runco, Mark A. Runco 1Mark A. Runco is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Hawaii at Hilo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kathy Pezdek Kathy Pezdek 2Kathy Pezdek is an associate professor of psychology at Claremont Graduate School. This research was supported by a grant to Kathy Pezdek from …
The Reliability and Validity of Ideational Originality in the Divergent Thinking of Academically Gifted and Nongifted Children
Divergent thinking tests are probably the most commonly employed measures of creative potential and have demonstrated adequate psychometric properties with many populations. Recently, however, a partial correlation evaluation revealed that the indices drawn from divergent thinking tests are highly redundant. That is, in the nongifted population, ideational “originality” and “flexibility” were seriously confounded by ideational “fluency,” and henc…
Divergent Thinking and Creative Performance in Gifted and Nongifted Children
Because intellectual measures often have idiosyncratic psychometric properties in exceptional populations, the relationship between divergent thinking test scores and creative performance was evaluated and compared in gifted and nongifted children (N = 212). The criterion of creative performance was a self-report which estimates the quantity and quality of extracurricular activity in seven domains. Results of canonical and bivariate analyses indi…
Predicting Children's Creative Performance
The predictive validity of the fluency index of divergent-thinking tests was evaluated, with extracurricular creative performance in seven domains as the criteria. The unique aspects of this project were (a) that gifted and talented children were represented in the sample of 150 subjects, (b) that both performance quantity and quality scores were used as criteria, and (c) that fluency, fluency 2 , and an interaction of IQ X fluency were tested as…
Exceptional giftedness in early adolescence and intrafamilial divergent thinking
Interrater Agreement on a Socially Valid Measure of Students' Creativity
The reliability and true variance of a socially valid measure of creativity was assessed by asking three judges to rate the creativity of 29 adolescents. Interitem reliability was .93; interrater reliability was .48; and true score variance, estimated from the interitem and interrater reliability coefficients, was .65
Problem discovery, divergent thinking, and the creative process
Independence and the creative potential of gifted and exceptionally gifted boys
Agreement between Mothers and Sons on Ratings of Creative Activity
Creative Activities and Accomplishments Check Lists are often used to assess the creative performance of children. Check Lists are attractive because the respondent is generally well informed about his or her own past achievements, and the focus is on actual rather than potential performance. Additionally, Check Lists can be used to assess creative activity in a variety of domains. This is very important given the current view of creativity as in…
International Preferences in Selecting Mates
This study sought to identify the effects of culture and sex on mate preferences using samples drawn world-wide. Thirty-seven samples were obtained from 33 countries located on six continents and five islands (N = 9,474). Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed strong effects of both culture and sex, moderated by specific mate characteristics. Chastity proved to be the mate characteristic on which cultures varied the most. The preference order…
A Social Validation of College Examinations
Social validation procedures were used to compare views held by professors and students concerning college examinations. In the first phase of this project, four groups of participants (21 professors and 126 students representing psychology and biology) listed characteristics of good and poor tests. The characteristics given by the groups were somewhat similar, although very few ideas were given about the results of examinations (e.g., range of s…
Scoring Divergent Thinking Tests Using Total Ideational Output and a Creativity Index
There are several problems with the scoring techniques currently used with tests of ideational creativity. The present investigation tested two possible improvements in scoring procedures. The first potential improvement involved ratings of total ideational output, or "ideational sets." This procedure is in direct contrast to the conventional scoring of single ideas. The second improvement was to score ideational sets specifically for creativity …
Children's divergent thinking and creative ideation
Operant Theories of Insight, Originality, and Creativity
There is no doubt that operant theory has contributed to our understanding of behaviors that are indicative of creativity, such as insight, novelty, and originality. The operant research that has been applied to these indicative behaviors is reviewed in this article. What exactly does this research tell us about creativity? To answer that, three issues must be explored. One of these concerns contingencies and intrinsic motivation. Can both contri…
Personal creativity
Creativity is defined so as to allow for both continuities and discontinuities in development
Creativity and development
This chapter discusses important issues and needed research on creativity and development
Suicide and Creativity
This article explores the idea that although much can be learned by viewing Sylvia Plath's poetry as an expression of her thinking and affect, additional insights are afforded by reversing the typical direction of effect and by viewing Plath's affect, and in particular her depression, as a result of her writing. Consistent with this interpretation is Plath's huge investment in writing. This may have contributed to the sensitivity that predisposed…
Development and Psychometric Integrity of a Measure of Ideational Behavior
Although creativity is an important part of cognitive, social, and emotional activity, high-quality creativity assessments are lacking. This article describes the rationale for and development of a measure of creative ideation. The scale is based on the belief that ideas can be treated as the products of original, divergent, and creative thinking-a claim J. P. Guilford (1967) made years ago. Guilford himself assessed ideation with tests of diverg…
Creativity in the Moral Domain
Specific domains of talent have been increasingly recognized by educators. Howard Gruber has done a great deal to direct attention to what may be the most critical domain, namely, moral creativity. The intent of this article is to honor Gruber's genius in our own humble fashion, by reviewing and integrating the recent work on moral creativity. Special attention is directed to points of agreement found in the literature to implications for studies…
Creativity
Creativity has clear benefits for individuals and society as a whole. Not surprisingly, a great deal of research has focused on creativity, especially in the past 20 years. This chapter reviews the creativity research, first looking to the relevant traits, capacities, influences, and products, and then within disciplinary perspectives on creativity (e.g., biological, cognitive, developmental, organizational). Great headway is being made in creati…
The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity
The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity is a comprehensive scholarly handbook on creativity from the most respected psychologists, researchers and educators. This handbook serves both as a thorough introduction to the field of creativity and as an invaluable reference and current source of important information. It covers such diverse topics as the brain, education, business, and world cultures. The first section, 'Basic Concepts', is designed to in…
The Dark Side of Creativity
With few exceptions, scholarship on creativity has focused on its positive aspects while largely ignoring its dark side. This includes not only creativity deliberately aimed at hurting others, such as crime or terrorism, or at gaining unfair advantages, but also the accidental negative side effects of well-intentioned acts. This book brings together essays written by experts from various fields (psychology, criminal justice, sociology, engineerin…
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking as Predictors of Personal and Public Achievement
This article presents the results of the 50-year follow-up of the longitudinal study E. Paul Torrance initiated 5 decades ago. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) was administered in the late 1950s and personal and public achievement data were obtained 50 years later and used as criteria in analyses reported here. These showed that TTCT scores were moderately correlated with personal, but not with public, achievement. However, an intera…
Theories of Creativity
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Products Depend on Creative Potential
(2010). Products Depend on Creative Potential: A Comment on the Productivist Industrial Model of Knowledge Production. Gifted and Talented International: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 81-87
Psychology (49 obras) · Creativity in Education and Neuroscience (46 obras) · Social Psychology (44 obras) · Creativity (42 obras) · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness (23 obras) · Developmental psychology (21 obras) · Cognitive psychology (20 obras) · Computer Science (20 obras) · Mathematics education (17 obras) · Divergent thinking (15 obras)