David Klahr
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1047543 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | David Klahr |
| NOMBRES | David |
| APELLIDO | Klahr |
| FIRMA | KLAHR D |
| AFILIACIONES | Carnegie Mellon University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 13 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 30 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 13 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1966 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
The relative effectiveness of different active learning implementations in teaching elementary school students how to design simple experiments
“Active learning” has been used to describe classrooms that have varied widely with respect to instructional topics, age of learners, and the procedures used to operationalize the general notion of the term. In most cases, the specific variant of active learning under investigation has been more effective than the particular control used for comparison. The goal of the current study was to unambiguously describe, implement, and assess 4 different…
Guided Play
Competing trends in early childhood education emphasize the need for strong curricular approaches and for unfettered exploration. We propose an approach to early learning that avoids this false dichotomy: guided play. Guided play takes advantage of children’s natural abilities to learn through play by allowing them to express their autonomy within a prepared environment and with adult scaffolding. We provide examples of how guided-play situations…
Children’s scientific curiosity
The Equivalence of Learning Paths in Early Science Instruction
In a study with 112 third- and fourth-grade children, we measured the relative effectiveness of discovery learning and direct instruction at two points in the learning process: (a) during the initial acquisition of the basic cognitive objective (a procedure for designing and interpreting simple, unconfounded experiments) and (b) during the subsequent transfer and application of this basic skill to more diffuse and authentic reasoning associated w…
Exploring Science
All Other Things Being Equal
The ability to design unconfounded experiments and make valid inferences from their outcomes is an essential skill in scientific reasoning. The present study addressed an important issue in scientific reasoning and cognitive development: how children acquire a domain-general processing strategy (Control of Variables Strategy or CVS) and generalize it across various contexts. Seven- to 10-year-olds (N = 87) designed and evaluated experiments and m…
Studies of scientific discovery
Studies of scientific discovery
This review integrates 4 major approaches to the study of science—historical accounts of scientific discoveries, psychological experiments with nonscientists working on tasks related to scientific discoveries, direct observation of ongoing scientific laboratories, and computational modeling of scientific discovery processes—by viewing them through the lens of the theory of human problem solving. The authors provide a brief justification for the s…
Dual Space Search During Scientific Reasoning
The purpose of the two studies reported here was to develop an integrated model of the scientific reasoning process. Subjects were placed in a simulated scientific discovery context by first teaching them how to use an electronic device and then asking them to discover how a hitherto unencountered function worked. To do this task, subjects had to formulate hypotheses based on their prior knowledge, conduct experiments, and evaluate the results of…
Insiders, outsiders, and efficiency in a National Science Foundation panel
Insiders, outsiders, and efficiency in a National Science Foundation panel
The Development of Serial Completion Strategies
An information processing model of a complex task involving several important Piagetian concepts is introduced and then extended to a more difficult class of problems often used to test adult cognitive abilities. In comparing this extended model both to human performance and to the process model by Simon & Kotovsky, the criterion of developmental tractability is introduced. A detailed study of a child's performance during a crucial transition fro…
A Computer Simulation of the Paradox of Voting
This paper presents estimates of the probability that the occurrence of the Paradox of Voting, commonly known as Arrow's Paradox, will prevent the selection of a majority issue when odd-sized committees ofmjudges vote uponnissues. The estimates, obtained through computer simulation of the voting process, indicate that the probability of such an intransitive social ordering is lower than the ratio of intransitive outcomes to all outcomes.Many of t…
A Computer Simulation of the Paradox of Voting
This paper presents estimates of the probability that the occurrence of the Paradox of Voting, commonly known as Arrow's Paradox, will prevent the selection of a majority issue when odd-sized committees ofmjudges vote uponnissues. The estimates, obtained through computer simulation of the voting process, indicate that the probability of such an intransitive social ordering is lower than the ratio of intransitive outcomes to all outcomes.Many of t…
Studies of scientific discovery
This review integrates 4 major approaches to the study of science—historical accounts of scientific discoveries, psychological experiments with nonscientists working on tasks related to scientific discoveries, direct observation of ongoing scientific laboratories, and computational modeling of scientific discovery processes—by viewing them through the lens of the theory of human problem solving. The authors provide a brief justification for the s…
The Development of Serial Completion Strategies
An information processing model of a complex task involving several important Piagetian concepts is introduced and then extended to a more difficult class of problems often used to test adult cognitive abilities. In comparing this extended model both to human performance and to the process model by Simon & Kotovsky, the criterion of developmental tractability is introduced. A detailed study of a child's performance during a crucial transition fro…
A Computer Simulation of the Paradox of Voting
This paper presents estimates of the probability that the occurrence of the Paradox of Voting, commonly known as Arrow's Paradox, will prevent the selection of a majority issue when odd-sized committees ofmjudges vote uponnissues. The estimates, obtained through computer simulation of the voting process, indicate that the probability of such an intransitive social ordering is lower than the ratio of intransitive outcomes to all outcomes.Many of t…
The Development of Serial Completion Strategies
An information processing model of a complex task involving several important Piagetian concepts is introduced and then extended to a more difficult class of problems often used to test adult cognitive abilities. In comparing this extended model both to human performance and to the process model by Simon & Kotovsky, the criterion of developmental tractability is introduced. A detailed study of a child's performance during a crucial transition fro…
Insiders, outsiders, and efficiency in a National Science Foundation panel
Insiders, outsiders, and efficiency in a National Science Foundation panel
Dual Space Search During Scientific Reasoning
The purpose of the two studies reported here was to develop an integrated model of the scientific reasoning process. Subjects were placed in a simulated scientific discovery context by first teaching them how to use an electronic device and then asking them to discover how a hitherto unencountered function worked. To do this task, subjects had to formulate hypotheses based on their prior knowledge, conduct experiments, and evaluate the results of…
All Other Things Being Equal
The ability to design unconfounded experiments and make valid inferences from their outcomes is an essential skill in scientific reasoning. The present study addressed an important issue in scientific reasoning and cognitive development: how children acquire a domain-general processing strategy (Control of Variables Strategy or CVS) and generalize it across various contexts. Seven- to 10-year-olds (N = 87) designed and evaluated experiments and m…
Studies of scientific discovery
Studies of scientific discovery
This review integrates 4 major approaches to the study of science—historical accounts of scientific discoveries, psychological experiments with nonscientists working on tasks related to scientific discoveries, direct observation of ongoing scientific laboratories, and computational modeling of scientific discovery processes—by viewing them through the lens of the theory of human problem solving. The authors provide a brief justification for the s…
Exploring Science
The Equivalence of Learning Paths in Early Science Instruction
In a study with 112 third- and fourth-grade children, we measured the relative effectiveness of discovery learning and direct instruction at two points in the learning process: (a) during the initial acquisition of the basic cognitive objective (a procedure for designing and interpreting simple, unconfounded experiments) and (b) during the subsequent transfer and application of this basic skill to more diffuse and authentic reasoning associated w…
Children’s scientific curiosity
Guided Play
Competing trends in early childhood education emphasize the need for strong curricular approaches and for unfettered exploration. We propose an approach to early learning that avoids this false dichotomy: guided play. Guided play takes advantage of children’s natural abilities to learn through play by allowing them to express their autonomy within a prepared environment and with adult scaffolding. We provide examples of how guided-play situations…
The relative effectiveness of different active learning implementations in teaching elementary school students how to design simple experiments
“Active learning” has been used to describe classrooms that have varied widely with respect to instructional topics, age of learners, and the procedures used to operationalize the general notion of the term. In most cases, the specific variant of active learning under investigation has been more effective than the particular control used for comparison. The goal of the current study was to unambiguously describe, implement, and assess 4 different…
Psychology (12 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Cognitive psychology (6 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (5 obras) · Cognitive science (5 obras) · Child and Animal Learning Development (4 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (3 obras) · Cognition (3 obras) · Law (3 obras) · Law (3 obras)