Linda Darling-Hammond
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 163621 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Linda Darling-Hammond |
| NOMBRES | Linda |
| APELLIDO | Darling-Hammond |
| FIRMA | DARLING-HAMMOND L |
| AFILIACIONES | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0795-0618 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 944 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 56 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 17 |
Education Policy in Support of Boys and Men
Educating teachers to enact the science of learning and development
Drawing on recent syntheses of the emerging science of learning and development and its implications for school practice, this article examines the kinds of preparation teachers need to enact such practices. We synthesize research on how children learn and develop and research on how effective preparation programs support teachers in developing the knowledge, skills, and dispositions associated with developing the whole child. This includes the “…
Response to How Teacher Education Matters
This response to “How Teacher Education Matters” (2000) notes that the evidence base about the features of teacher education that matter for teacher effectiveness was substantial at that time and has grown stronger since. However, federal policy over the last two decades has reduced support for both preservice teacher education programs and for candidates’ financial assistance, while increasing support for alternative certification pathways that …
Policy for Civic Reasoning
Preparing young people for citizenship requires significant change in our public schools, including a commitment to preparation of the education workforce for today's diverse learners and paying more attention to culture and identity in what is taught. Schools should be designed and organized in ways that help students understand the obligations that members of a society owe one another. Policy can be an important lever in promoting changes that …
Reprint
Despite longstanding criticisms of teacher education, the weight of substantial evidence indicates that teachers who have had more preparation for teaching are more confident and successful with students than those who have had little or none. Recent evidence also indicates that reforms of teacher education creating more tightly integrated programs with extended clinical preparation interwoven with coursework on learning and teaching produce teac…
Reimagining American Education
Linda Darling-Hammond concludes the Kappan series on the future of education with a review of why the education system is fraught with inequities. She then recommends a series of policies that could bring about lasting change. These include creating organizational structures in which all communities can thrive, ensuring that every school provides a healthy setting to learn and develop, and preparing and enabling educators to provide both academic…
Defining teaching quality around the world
Definitions of teaching quality differ across jurisdictions and have evolved over time. Drawing on a study of five high-achieving countries with strong supports for teachers’ professional learning and practice, this article describes the perspectives on good teaching rooted in standards for entry, preparation, and practice. These nations increasingly see teaching as rooted in a wide-ranging knowledge base that combines an understanding of content…
Preparing educators for the time of Covid … and beyond
With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, even greater efforts are needed to address students’ academic and social emotional needs, all the while making up for learning loss and preparing for the unpredictable combinations of distance learning, blended learning, and in-classroom learning. These expectations, along with the need for greater emphasis on equity-focused teaching and learning have raised the bar for educators and for educator preparat…
Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development
This article draws out the implications for school and classroom practices of an emerging consensus about the science of learning and development, outlined in a recent synthesis of the research. Situating the review in a developmental systems framework, we synthesize evidence from the learning sciences and several branches of educational research regarding well-vetted strategies that support the kinds of relationships and learning opportunities n…
The trouble with teacher turnover
Addressing teacher turnover is critical to stemming the country's continuing teacher shortages. It is also important for school effectiveness, as the academic and financial costs of teacher turnover to student learning and district budgets are significant. Using the most recent nationally representative data from the National Center for Education Statistics' Schools and Staffing Surveys, the authors detail which teachers are leaving, why, and whi…
Understanding teacher shortages
This paper reviews the sources of and potential solutions to teacher shortages in the United States. It describes the sources of current and projected increases in teacher demand relative to enrollments, shifts in pupil-teacher ratios, and attrition. It places these in relation to recent declines in teacher supply and evaluates evidence of shortages in fields like mathematics, science, special education, and educators for English learners, as wel…
Nurturing Nature
New advances in neurobiology are revealing that brain development and the learning it enables are directly dependent on social-emotional experience. Growing bodies of research reveal the importance of socially triggered epigenetic contributions to brain development and brain network configuration, with implications for social-emotional functioning, cognition, motivation, and learning. Brain development is also impacted by health-related and physi…
Educating the Whole Child
Two Futures of Educational Reform
This article compares the impact of recent educational reforms on school outcomes in several countries around the world. It argues that educational reforms based on conceptions of equity and capacity-building focusing on high-quality teaching and learning systems and access to good instruction for all students have proved to be more successful than educational reforms based on competition, incentives and sanctions
Teacher education around the world
This article describes teacher education in jurisdictions around the world that have well-developed systems for teacher development. It examines teacher education policies and practices in Australia (with a focus on Victoria and New South Wales), Canada (with a focus on Alberta and Ontario), Finland and Singapore within the context of recruitment, preparation, induction, ongoing professional development and collective improvement of practice. It …
Teacher Turnover
Effective Teacher Professional Development
Este documento revisa 35 estudios meticulosos que han demostrado un vinculo positivo entre el desarrollo profesional docente, las practicas docentes y los resultados academicos de los estudiantes. Se identificaron caracteristicas principales de iniciativas efectivas y se ofrecen descripciones completas de estos modelos para informar a los dirigentes educativos y formuladores de politicas que buscan potenciar el desarrollo profesional para mejorar…
Teaching for Social Justice
Fear and bigotry have spread through schools on the heels of a presidential campaign that promoted divisiveness grounded in racism and discrimination. This article describes the need for and a path toward explicit anti-racist teaching and anti-racist action to counteract this surge of hate speech. In addition, to create a more equitable and just education system and society, the article outlines actions needed to change key aspects of institution…
A Coming Crisis in Teaching? Teacher Supply, Demand, and Shortages in the U.S.
Research on Teaching and Teacher Education and Its Influences on Policy and Practice
Using five AERA presidential addresses over the past half century as landmarks, this essay traces the evolution of research on teaching and teacher education as well as some critical impacts the research has had on policy and practice related to teacher education and teacher evaluation in the United States. The discussion shows how these addresses both reflected the progress and challenges of research on teaching and teacher education at the time…
Can Value Added Add Value to Teacher Evaluation
Strengthening Clinical Preparation
Efforts to improve teacher education have recently focused in on the importance of well-supervised clinical practice as a critical element of effective preparation. This article outlines the challenges to creating productive clinical experiences for prospective teachers, and identifies strategies that have been found successful in confronting these challenges. These include the development of professional development school relationships that str…
From the “New Negro” to Civil Rights
In the 1920s, African Americans returned from World War I with a renewed fervor for egalitarian education. The New Negro of the 1920s more aggressively agitated for equal rights, exalted African American culture, and demanded self-determination. Such sentiment evidenced itself in both attitude and organization through Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association, the Harlem Renaissance, the growth of the National Association for the Ad…
Emancipation and Reconstruction
Emancipation and the end of the Civil War forced the nation to grapple with the question of how to integrate and adjust these new black citizens into the fabric of America. Blacks pushed forward toward racial equality. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments provided them first-class citizen status, and with Reconstruction era elections, blacks gained significant political power in some states and worked to institutionalize their constitutional r…
The Oxford Handbook of African American Citizenship, 1865-Present
When newly liberated African American slaves attempted to enter the marketplace and exercise their rights as citizens of the United States in 1865, few, if any, Americans expected that, a century and a half later, the class divide between black and white Americans would be as wide as it is today. The United States has faced several potential key turning points in the status of African Americans over the course of its history, yet at each of these…
Constructing 21st-Century Teacher Education
Much of what teachers need to know to be successful is invisible to lay observers, leading to the view that teaching requires little formal study and to frequent disdain for teacher education programs. The weakness of traditional program models that are collections of largely unrelated courses reinforce this low regard. This article argues that we have learned a great deal about how to create stronger, more effective teacher education programs. T…
Race, inequality and educational accountability
The No Child Left Behind Act, the major education initiative of the Bush Administration, was intended to raise educational achievement and close the racial/ethnic achievement gap. Its strategies include focusing schools’ attention on raising test scores, mandating better qualified teachers and providing educational choice. Unfortunately, the complex requirements of the law have failed to achieve these goals, and have provoked a number of unintend…
Defining “Highly Qualified Teachers”
The Secretary’s report accurately claims that “researchers have found that some teachers are much more effective than others” (2002, p. 7). Studies using valueadded student achievement data have found that student achievement gains are much more influenced by a student’s assigned teacher than other factors like class size and class composition (Sanders & Horn, 1994; Sanders & Rivers, 1996; Wright, Horn, & Sanders, 1997). A recent analysis by Rivk…
How Teaching Conditions Predict Teacher Turnover in California Schools
A number of studies have found that teachers are prone to leave schools serving high proportions of low-achieving, low-income, and minority students for more economically and educationally advantaged schools. In schools with very high turnover rates, this can pose a number of challenges, including lack of continuity in instruction, lack of adequate teaching expertise for making curriculum decisions and providing support and mentoring, and lost ti…
Variation in Teacher Preparation
Does teacher education influence what teachers feel prepared to do when they enter the classroom? Are there differences in teachers’experiences of classroom teaching when they enter through different programs and pathways? This study examines data from a 1998 survey of nearly 3000 beginning teachers in New York City regarding their views of their preparation for teaching, their beliefs and practice, and their plans to remain in teaching. The find…
How Teacher Education Matters
Despite longstanding criticisms of teacher education, the weight of substantial evidence indicates that teachers who have had more preparation for teaching are more confident and successful with students than those who have had little or none. Recent evidence also indicates that reforms of teacher education creating more tightly integrated programs with extended clinical preparation interwoven with coursework on learning and teaching produce teac…
The Color Line in American Education
Despite the rhetoric of American equality, the school experiences of African American and other "minority" students in the United States continue to be substantially separate and unequal. Dramatically different learning opportunities-especially disparities in access to well-qualified teachers, high quality curriculum, and small schools and classes-are strongly related to differences in student achievement. Standards-based reforms have been launch…
The Right to Learn and the Advancement of Teaching
Third Annual Brown Lecture in Education Research—The Flat Earth and Education
In the knowledge-based economy that characterizes the 21st century, most previously industrialized countries are making massive investments in education. The United States ranks poorly on many leading indicators, however, primarily because of the great inequality in educational inputs and outcomes between White students and non-Asian “minority” students, who comprise a growing share of the U.S. public school population. Standards-based reforms ha…
Securing the Right to Learn
America’s schools are among the most unequal in the industrialized world in terms of both inputs and outcomes. Inequalities in spending, class sizes, textbooks, computers, facilities, curriculum offerings, and access to qualified teachers contribute to disparate achievement by race and class, which increasingly feeds the “school-to-prison pipeline”—a function of many young people’s lack of adequate skills for joining the labor market. This create…
Authentic assessment of teaching in context
Teacher Education and the American Future
For teacher education, this is perhaps the best of times and the worst of times. It may be the best of times because so much hard work has been done by many teacher educators over the past two decades to develop more successful program models and because voters have just elected a president of the United States who has a strong commitment to the improvement of teaching. It may be the worst of times because there are so many forces in the environm…
Teachers and Teaching
Can Value Added Add Value to Teacher Evaluation
Teaching and knowledge
Over the past several years, alternate routes to teacher certification have been enacted, though not always implemented, in most states across the country. Upon his election, President Bush's only education proposal was the encouragement of this kind of state-level strategy for more flexible teacher recruitment. He retains a similar proposal in his more recently proposed America 2000 portfolio of education reforms. Given this continuing policy in…
Research on Teaching and Teacher Education and Its Influences on Policy and Practice
Using five AERA presidential addresses over the past half century as landmarks, this essay traces the evolution of research on teaching and teacher education as well as some critical impacts the research has had on policy and practice related to teacher education and teacher evaluation in the United States. The discussion shows how these addresses both reflected the progress and challenges of research on teaching and teacher education at the time…
Reinventing High School
Long-standing critiques of large “factory model” high schools and growing evidence for the benefits of small schools, especially for the achievement of low-income and minority students, have stimulated initiatives in many cities to redesign secondary education. This seven-year study of the Coalition Campus Schools Project in New York City documented a unique “birthing” process for new, small schools that were created as part of a network of refor…
Strengthening Clinical Preparation
Efforts to improve teacher education have recently focused in on the importance of well-supervised clinical practice as a critical element of effective preparation. This article outlines the challenges to creating productive clinical experiences for prospective teachers, and identifies strategies that have been found successful in confronting these challenges. These include the development of professional development school relationships that str…
New Standards and Old Inequalities
Assessing Teacher Education
Productive strategies for evaluating outcomes are becoming increasingly important for the improvement, and even the survival, of teacher education. This article describes a set of research and assessment strategies used to evaluate program outcomes in the Stanford Teacher Education Program during a period of program redesign over the past 5 years. These include perceptual data on what candidates feel they have learned in the program (through surv…
Teaching for Social Justice
Fear and bigotry have spread through schools on the heels of a presidential campaign that promoted divisiveness grounded in racism and discrimination. This article describes the need for and a path toward explicit anti-racist teaching and anti-racist action to counteract this surge of hate speech. In addition, to create a more equitable and just education system and society, the article outlines actions needed to change key aspects of institution…
National Standards and Assessments
National standards and assessments have been promoted as a means for upgrading curriculum and student performance in schools. This article argues that they are unlikely to have that effect for several reasons: First, top-down specifications of content linked to tests cannot take into account the many pathways to learning that will be appropriate for different students in schools across the country. Second, school communities must undertake their …
Improving Teachers’ Assessment Practices Through Professional Development
This study examines how mathematics and science teachers’ classroom assessment practices were affected by the National Board Certification process. Using a 3-year, longitudinal, comparison group design, evidence of changes in teachers’ classroom practice were measured on six dimensions of formative assessment. The National Board candidates began the study with lower mean scores than the comparison group on all six assessment dimensions; had highe…
Educating the New Educator
Documentation and Democratic Education
This article discusses how documentation practices in education can contribute to the realization of democracy. Grounded in the notion that democracy requires citizens who are able to engage with and benefit from an exchange of multiple perspectives, the authors focus on how documentary practices support teachers to understand and to teach a broad range of students well. Additionally, they describe how documentary practices help students to under…
Educational Vouchers
there has been no true test of vouchers, we are left to examine the advocates' predictions in the light of historical and contemporary knowl edge about schooling in America. The public schools have evolved to their current form to accommodate various forces: legislative desire for financial accountability, state inter est in prescribing minimal equity and quality standards, interest group pressures, and more. The forces have shaped a school sys…
Parental Schooling Choice
Public support of nonpublic elementary and secondary education has become one of the most controversial issues in American educational policy, with tuition tax credits and deductions subjects of ongoing debate at both the state and federal level. This article presents the results of one of the first empirical investigations of how a tax subsidy for tuition costs actually influences parents' school choices using data from Minnesota, the first stat…
Teaching and knowledge
Over the past several years, alternate routes to teacher certification have been enacted, though not always implemented, in most states across the country. Upon his election, President Bush's only education proposal was the encouragement of this kind of state-level strategy for more flexible teacher recruitment. He retains a similar proposal in his more recently proposed America 2000 portfolio of education reforms. Given this continuing policy in…
"Evaluating "The New Handbook of Teacher Evaluation
National Standards and Assessments
National standards and assessments have been promoted as a means for upgrading curriculum and student performance in schools. This article argues that they are unlikely to have that effect for several reasons: First, top-down specifications of content linked to tests cannot take into account the many pathways to learning that will be appropriate for different students in schools across the country. Second, school communities must undertake their …
Cracks in the Bell Curve
Linda Darling-Hammond, Cracks in the Bell Curve: How Education Matters, The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 64, No. 3, Myths and Realities: African Americans and the Measurement of Human Abilities (Summer, 1995), pp. 340-353
The Right to Learn and the Advancement of Teaching
Teachers and Teaching
Recruiting Teachers for the 21st Century
In the coming decade, the nation must replace much of its current teachingforce. This heavy teacher recruitment period will have major implications for both educational quality and equality. Qualified teachers are not only a major determinant of student achievement but also one of the most inequitably distributed educational resources. Poor and minority children are routinely exposed to poorer quality curricula and teaching, which accountfor much…
Teacher Quality and Student Achievement
Using data from a 50-state survey of policies, state case study analyses, the 1993-94 Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS), and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), this study examines the ways in which teacher qualifications and other school inputs are related to student achievement across states. The findings of both the qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that policy investments in the quality of teachers may be rel…
Authentic assessment of teaching in context
New Standards and Old Inequalities
How Teacher Education Matters
Despite longstanding criticisms of teacher education, the weight of substantial evidence indicates that teachers who have had more preparation for teaching are more confident and successful with students than those who have had little or none. Recent evidence also indicates that reforms of teacher education creating more tightly integrated programs with extended clinical preparation interwoven with coursework on learning and teaching produce teac…
Defining “Highly Qualified Teachers”
The Secretary’s report accurately claims that “researchers have found that some teachers are much more effective than others” (2002, p. 7). Studies using valueadded student achievement data have found that student achievement gains are much more influenced by a student’s assigned teacher than other factors like class size and class composition (Sanders & Horn, 1994; Sanders & Rivers, 1996; Wright, Horn, & Sanders, 1997). A recent analysis by Rivk…
Reinventing High School
Long-standing critiques of large “factory model” high schools and growing evidence for the benefits of small schools, especially for the achievement of low-income and minority students, have stimulated initiatives in many cities to redesign secondary education. This seven-year study of the Coalition Campus Schools Project in New York City documented a unique “birthing” process for new, small schools that were created as part of a network of refor…
Variation in Teacher Preparation
Does teacher education influence what teachers feel prepared to do when they enter the classroom? Are there differences in teachers’experiences of classroom teaching when they enter through different programs and pathways? This study examines data from a 1998 survey of nearly 3000 beginning teachers in New York City regarding their views of their preparation for teaching, their beliefs and practice, and their plans to remain in teaching. The find…
Inequality and the Right to Learn
As new standards for students are taking effect, large disparities continue to exist in the educational opportunities available to rich and poor students in most states. These disparities are especially pronounced in California, where thousands of students attend school in dilapidated buildings, without textbooks, materials, or qualified teachers. This article focuses on inequalities in children's access to qualified teachers, documenting the dis…
Standards, Accountability, and School Reform
The standards-based reform movement has led to increased emphasis on tests, coupled with rewards and sanctions, as the basis for “accountability” systems. These strategies have often had unintended consequences that undermine access to education for low-achieving students rather than enhancing it. This article argues that testing is information for an accountability system; it is not the system itself. More successful outcomes have been secured i…
The Color Line in American Education
Despite the rhetoric of American equality, the school experiences of African American and other "minority" students in the United States continue to be substantially separate and unequal. Dramatically different learning opportunities-especially disparities in access to well-qualified teachers, high quality curriculum, and small schools and classes-are strongly related to differences in student achievement. Standards-based reforms have been launch…
Does Teacher Preparation Matter? Evidence about Teacher Certification, Teach for America, and Teacher Effectiveness.
Recent debates about the utility of teacher education have raised questions about whether certified teachers are, in general, more effective than those who have not met the testing and training requirements for certification, and whether some candidates with strong liberal arts backgrounds might be at least as effective as teacher education graduates. This study examines these questions with a large student-level data set from Houston, Texas that…
Educating the New Educator
How Teaching Conditions Predict Teacher Turnover in California Schools
A number of studies have found that teachers are prone to leave schools serving high proportions of low-achieving, low-income, and minority students for more economically and educationally advantaged schools. In schools with very high turnover rates, this can pose a number of challenges, including lack of continuity in instruction, lack of adequate teaching expertise for making curriculum decisions and providing support and mentoring, and lost ti…
Securing the Right to Learn
America’s schools are among the most unequal in the industrialized world in terms of both inputs and outcomes. Inequalities in spending, class sizes, textbooks, computers, facilities, curriculum offerings, and access to qualified teachers contribute to disparate achievement by race and class, which increasingly feeds the “school-to-prison pipeline”—a function of many young people’s lack of adequate skills for joining the labor market. This create…
Assessing Teacher Education
Productive strategies for evaluating outcomes are becoming increasingly important for the improvement, and even the survival, of teacher education. This article describes a set of research and assessment strategies used to evaluate program outcomes in the Stanford Teacher Education Program during a period of program redesign over the past 5 years. These include perceptual data on what candidates feel they have learned in the program (through surv…
Constructing 21st-Century Teacher Education
Much of what teachers need to know to be successful is invisible to lay observers, leading to the view that teaching requires little formal study and to frequent disdain for teacher education programs. The weakness of traditional program models that are collections of largely unrelated courses reinforce this low regard. This article argues that we have learned a great deal about how to create stronger, more effective teacher education programs. T…
Psychology (46 obras) · Pedagogy (42 obras) · Mathematics education (41 obras) · Political science (39 obras) · Sociology (33 obras) · Teacher Education and Leadership Studies (33 obras) · School Choice and Performance (24 obras) · Teacher education (19 obras) · Law (17 obras) · Public relations (16 obras)