Andrew W Young
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1661037 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Andrew W Young |
| NOMBRES | Andrew W |
| APELLIDO | Young |
| FIRMA | YOUNG A W |
| AFILIACIONES | University of York |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1202-6297 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 119 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1976 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Conceptual trait associations predict impressions of highly variable faces
People form consequential trait judgements from seeing others' faces. The influential dynamic interactive theory suggests that trait judgements reflect the combined use of visual cues from faces (e.g. smiling looks trustworthy) with individuals' own conceptual trait associations (e.g. believing trustworthy people are also kind), thus far supported for impressions of highly constricted neutral faces in the US cultural context. Here, we provide a s…
Personal familiarity of faces, animals, objects, and scenes
While face, object, and scene recognition are often studied at a basic categorization level (e.g. "a face", "a car", "a kitchen"), we frequently recognise individual items of these categories as unique entities (e.g. "my mother", "my car", "my kitchen"). This recognition of individual identity is essential to appropriate behaviour in our world. However, relatively little is known about how we recognise individually familiar visual stimuli. Using …
A first impression of the future
We offer a response to six commentaries on our target article ‘Understanding trait impressions from faces’. A broad consensus emerged with authors emphasizing the importance of increasing the diversity of faces and participants, integrating research on impressions beyond the face, and continuing to develop methods needed for data‐driven approaches. We propose future directions for the field based on these themes
Predicting attractiveness from face parts reveals multiple covarying cues
In most studies of facial attractiveness perception, judgments are based on the whole face images. Here we investigated how attractiveness judgments from parts of faces compare to perceived attractiveness of the whole face, and to each other. We manipulated the extent and regions of occlusion, where either the left/right or the top/bottom half of the face was occluded. We also further segmented the face into relatively small horizontal regions in…
Understanding trait impressions from faces
Impressions from faces are made remarkably quickly and they can underpin behaviour in a wide variety of social contexts. Over the last decade many studies have sought to trace the links between facial cues and social perception and behaviour. One such body of work has shown clear overlap between the fields of face perception and social stereotyping by demonstrating a role for conceptual stereotypes in impression formation from faces. We integrate…
Face perception across the adult lifespan
It is well-documented that face perception – including facial expression and identity recognition ability – declines with age. To date, however, it is not yet well understood whether this age-related decline reflects face-specific effects, or instead can be accounted for by well-known declines in general intelligence. We examined this issue using a relatively large, healthy, age-diverse (18-88 years) sample (N = 595) who were assessed on well-est…
Insights from computational models of face recognition
Consistent evidence of a link between Alexithymia and general intelligence
Alexithymia is a personality construct characterised most notably by a difficulty in identifying and expressing feelings. Although the emotional difficulties in alexithymia are well established, to date little work has examined its relationship to broader cognitive abilities, such as general intelligence. Across three independent, healthy adult samples (Ns = 389, 318, & 273), we examined whether alexithymia was associated with general intelligenc…
Facial identity across the lifespan
We can recognise people that we know across their lifespan. We see family members age, and we can recognise celebrities across long careers. How is this possible, despite the very large facial changes that occur as people get older? Here we analyse the statistical properties of faces as they age, sampling photos of the same people from their 20s to their 70s. Across a number of simulations, we observe that individuals' faces retain some idiosyncr…
Emotion recognition ability
Do facial first impressions reflect a shared social reality
Influential facial impression models have repeatedly shown that trustworthiness, youthful-attractiveness, and dominance dimensions subserve a wide variety of first impressions formed from strangers' faces, suggestive of a shared social reality. However, these models are built from impressions aggregated across observers. Critically, recent work has now shown substantial inter-observer differences in facial impressions, raising the important quest…
We need to talk about super‐recognizers Invited commentary on
Whilst we agree with much of what Ramon et al . (2019, British Journal of Psychology ) say, we emphasize the additional importance of taking into account the often‐neglected psychometric properties of existing and future techniques
Facial and self-report questionnaire measures capture different aspects of romantic partner preferences
Romantic relationship researchers often use self-report measures of partner preferences based on verbal questionnaires. These questionnaires show that partner preferences involve an evaluation in terms of underlying factors of vitality-attractiveness, status-resources, and warmth-trustworthiness. However, when people first encounter a potential partner, they can usually derive a wealth of impressions from their face, and little is known about the…
Facial First Impressions of Partner Preference Traits
This research used the minimal exposure paradigm to examine facial first impressions of traits of trustworthiness, status, and attractiveness, considered important in verbal models of partner preferences. Heterosexual participants rated opposite-sex faces comprising either naturalistic images or youthful-looking averaged faces on trustworthiness, status, and attractiveness following 33, 100, and 500 ms masked presentation. The pattern masks were …
Sex differences in emotion recognition
Although it is widely believed that females outperform males in the ability to recognize other people's emotions, this conclusion is not well supported by the extant literature. The current study sought to provide a strong test of the female superiority hypothesis by investigating sex differences in emotion recognition for five basic emotions using stimuli well-calibrated for individual differences assessment, across two expressive domains (face …
Facial first impressions and partner preference models
Given the frequency of relationships nowadays initiated online, where impressions from face photographs may influence relationship initiation, it is important to understand how facial first impressions might be used in such contexts. We therefore examined the applicability of a leading model of verbally expressed partner preferences to impressions derived from real face images and investigated how the factor structure of first impressions based o…
Facial Image Manipulation
Image manipulation of real face photographs, including averaging, morphing, and caricaturing, is widely used in studies of face perception. These methods have led to theoretical insights across topics of interest to social psychologists, including social perception, social categorization, stereotyping, prejudice, impression formation, and individual differences. They may also have practical applications in diagnosing clinical impairments of socia…
Facial first impressions from another angle
First impressions made to photographs of faces can depend as much on momentary characteristics of the photographed image (within‐person variability) as on consistent properties of the face of the person depicted (between‐person variability). Here, we examine two important sources of within‐person variability: emotional expression and viewpoint. We find more within‐person variability than between‐person variability for social impressions of key tr…
Research on face recognition
The review of 'Recognizing faces' by Hadyn Ellis, published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1975, marked the genesis of a distinct field of research. This seminal review sprang from a broader programme of research on face recognition conducted at the University of Aberdeen, whose influence continues to be felt in what has become an internationally important research area. We discuss the background to the Aberdeen research, summarize some …
Finding the clues
W u, S heppard, and M itchell ( Br. J. Psychol ., 2016; 107, 1–22) provide interesting data on the perception of empathy. Their focus on cue validity could usefully be expanded to look at what cues are used, whether they have multimodal properties, and how the perception of empathy relates to other first impressions
Face gender and stereotypicality influence facial trait evaluation
The facial first impressions literature has focused on trait dimensions, with less research on how social categories (like gender) may influence first impressions of faces. Yet, social psychological studies have shown the importance of categories like gender in the evaluation of behaviour. We investigated whether face gender affects the positive or negative evaluation of faces in terms of first impressions. In , we manipulated facial gender stere…
Social inferences from faces
Facial Stereotype Visualization Through Image Averaging
Facial stereotypes are cognitive representations of the facial characteristics of members of social groups. In this study, we examined the extent to which facial stereotypes for occupational groups were based on physiognomic cues to stereotypical social characteristics. In Experiment 1, participants rated the occupational stereotypicality of naturalistic face images. These ratings were then regressed onto independent ratings of the faces on 16 se…
Vicarious Viewing Time
Anxiety-related bias in the classification of emotionally ambiguous facial expressions
Viewing Time Effects Revisited
Face gender and stereotypicality influence facial trait evaluation
The facial first impressions literature has focused on trait dimensions, with less research on how social categories (like gender) may influence first impressions of faces. Yet, social psychological studies have shown the importance of categories like gender in the evaluation of behaviour. We investigated whether face gender affects the positive or negative evaluation of faces in terms of first impressions. In , we manipulated facial gender stere…
Vicarious Viewing Time
Facial first impressions from another angle
First impressions made to photographs of faces can depend as much on momentary characteristics of the photographed image (within‐person variability) as on consistent properties of the face of the person depicted (between‐person variability). Here, we examine two important sources of within‐person variability: emotional expression and viewpoint. We find more within‐person variability than between‐person variability for social impressions of key tr…
Understanding trait impressions from faces
Impressions from faces are made remarkably quickly and they can underpin behaviour in a wide variety of social contexts. Over the last decade many studies have sought to trace the links between facial cues and social perception and behaviour. One such body of work has shown clear overlap between the fields of face perception and social stereotyping by demonstrating a role for conceptual stereotypes in impression formation from faces. We integrate…
Understanding person perception
Bruce and Young's (1986) theoretical framework was actually a synthesis of ideas contributed by several people. Some of its insights have stood the test of time - especially the importance of using converging evidence from as wide a range of methods of enquiry as possible, and an emphasis on understanding the demands that are made by particular face perception tasks. But there were also areas where Bruce and Young failed to obey their own edicts …
Do facial first impressions reflect a shared social reality
Influential facial impression models have repeatedly shown that trustworthiness, youthful-attractiveness, and dominance dimensions subserve a wide variety of first impressions formed from strangers' faces, suggestive of a shared social reality. However, these models are built from impressions aggregated across observers. Critically, recent work has now shown substantial inter-observer differences in facial impressions, raising the important quest…
The faces that launched a thousand slips
Twenty-two people kept records of difficulties and errors they experienced in recognizing people, producing a main set of 922 records of difficulties and errors collected over a seven-week period, and a subsidiary set of 86 records of experiences in which an encountered person was noticed to resemble a known person in some way(s). These records are classified into different types, and used to develop a model of person recognition in which represe…
Facial and self-report questionnaire measures capture different aspects of romantic partner preferences
Romantic relationship researchers often use self-report measures of partner preferences based on verbal questionnaires. These questionnaires show that partner preferences involve an evaluation in terms of underlying factors of vitality-attractiveness, status-resources, and warmth-trustworthiness. However, when people first encounter a potential partner, they can usually derive a wealth of impressions from their face, and little is known about the…
Facial first impressions and partner preference models
Given the frequency of relationships nowadays initiated online, where impressions from face photographs may influence relationship initiation, it is important to understand how facial first impressions might be used in such contexts. We therefore examined the applicability of a leading model of verbally expressed partner preferences to impressions derived from real face images and investigated how the factor structure of first impressions based o…
Putting names to faces
Subjects were asked to learn occupations and surnames belonging to 16 unfamiliar faces. The experiment was intended to remove potential factors that might underlie the easier recall of people's occupations found in everyday life. Thus, contextual cues were eliminated by presenting faces in isolation, cueing from the retrieval of related items of semantic information was eliminated, and the frequency of use of occupational and name information was…
Research on face recognition
The review of 'Recognizing faces' by Hadyn Ellis, published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1975, marked the genesis of a distinct field of research. This seminal review sprang from a broader programme of research on face recognition conducted at the University of Aberdeen, whose influence continues to be felt in what has become an internationally important research area. We discuss the background to the Aberdeen research, summarize some …
The nature of semantic priming effects in the recognition of familiar people
We report a series of experiments examining the nature of semantic priming effects in the recognition of familiar people. Experiment 1 showed that facilitation of the recognition of familiar target faces by related face primes occurs within the recognition system, since there is no equivalent priming when subjects are asked only to determine the sex of the target faces, rather than to recognize them as familiar. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the b…
Self priming from distinctive and caricatured faces
Burton, Bruce & Johnston (1990) have recently presented an interactive activation and competition (IAC) model of face recognition. Within this architecture they present accounts of repetition priming, semantic priming and distinctiveness effects with faces. This model predicts that a short‐lived priming effect should extend from a person's face to their name, this is called ‘self priming’. The model also predicts that the distinctiveness of the p…
Repetition priming from incomplete faces
Two experiments are reported in which subjects' reaction times to make familiarity decisions to the faces of famous people were compared for faces primed by previously seeing (1) the internal features of the same face, (2) the external features of the same face, or (3) a complete version of the same face. Reaction times to faces primed by the internal features, the external features or a complete face were significantly facilitated relative to an…
Ways of Making Number Judgments and Children's Understanding of Quantity Relations
S ummary . 60 children, aged between 4 and 7 years were given problems designed to assess their understanding of number invariance involving numbers of objects within their subitizing range, numbers outside their subitizing range but within their counting range, and large numbers they were not allowed to count. The results indicate that number invariance is initially developed for small numbers and then extended into the counting range and beyond
Asymmetry of cerebral hemispheric function in normal and poor readers
Asymmetry of cerebral hemispheric function in normal and poor readers
Reviews studies that have attempted to use methods of brief lateral visual presentation of linguistic stimuli to investigate asymmetry of organization of cerebral hemispheric functions in normal and poor readers. It is argued that any between-group differences found in such studies can be properly interpreted only when it is known that Ss in both groups approached the given tasks in the same way. It is shown that most existing studies have failed…
Right cerebral hemisphere superiority for recognizing the internal and external features of famous faces
Right‐handed male and female subjects were asked to identify bilaterally presented famous faces from an upright display of all the faces used in the experiment, under four conditions: these involved presentation of upright external features, upright internal features, upright whole faces, and inverted whole faces. The task was one of identification in the sense of picking out presented faces from a display of all the possible faces, and did not r…
The faces that launched a thousand slips
Twenty-two people kept records of difficulties and errors they experienced in recognizing people, producing a main set of 922 records of difficulties and errors collected over a seven-week period, and a subsidiary set of 86 records of experiences in which an encountered person was noticed to resemble a known person in some way(s). These records are classified into different types, and used to develop a model of person recognition in which represe…
Configurational Information in Face Perception
A new facial composites technique is demonstrated, in which photographs of the top and bottom halves of different familiar faces fuse to form unfamiliar faces when aligned with each other. The perception of a novel configuration in such composite stimuli is sufficiently convincing to interfere with identification of the constituent parts (experiment 1), but this effect disappears when stimuli are inverted (experiment 2). Difficulty in identifying…
Putting names to faces
Subjects were asked to learn occupations and surnames belonging to 16 unfamiliar faces. The experiment was intended to remove potential factors that might underlie the easier recall of people's occupations found in everyday life. Thus, contextual cues were eliminated by presenting faces in isolation, cueing from the retrieval of related items of semantic information was eliminated, and the frequency of use of occupational and name information was…
Are Faces Special?
Semantic Processing
Handbook of research on face processing
Repetition priming from incomplete faces
Two experiments are reported in which subjects' reaction times to make familiarity decisions to the faces of famous people were compared for faces primed by previously seeing (1) the internal features of the same face, (2) the external features of the same face, or (3) a complete version of the same face. Reaction times to faces primed by the internal features, the external features or a complete face were significantly facilitated relative to an…
The nature of semantic priming effects in the recognition of familiar people
We report a series of experiments examining the nature of semantic priming effects in the recognition of familiar people. Experiment 1 showed that facilitation of the recognition of familiar target faces by related face primes occurs within the recognition system, since there is no equivalent priming when subjects are asked only to determine the sex of the target faces, rather than to recognize them as familiar. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the b…
Self priming from distinctive and caricatured faces
Burton, Bruce & Johnston (1990) have recently presented an interactive activation and competition (IAC) model of face recognition. Within this architecture they present accounts of repetition priming, semantic priming and distinctiveness effects with faces. This model predicts that a short‐lived priming effect should extend from a person's face to their name, this is called ‘self priming’. The model also predicts that the distinctiveness of the p…
Repetition priming of homographs and novel objects
Two experiments examined the nature of the memory representations underlying repetition priming. In Expt 1, homographs (words with two meanings) were presented accompanied by bias words that demanded one particular interpretation of each. These homographs were then used in a test phase picture‐word matching task. Repeated items accompanied by a picture that demanded another interpretation of the word showed as much facilitation as repeated items …
Women Who Become Men
Most people conceive of gender as a culturally informed response to a biological imperative. But such rigid notions are overturned by certain women in remote regions of Albania who elect to 'become' men simply for the advantages that accrue to them as a result. They crop their hair, wear men's clothes, roll their own cigarettes, drink brandy and carry guns. In short, their lives are much freer and less regimented than other members of their sex -…
The eyebrow frown
Seven experiments investigated the finding that threatening schematic faces are detected more quickly than nonthreatening faces. Threatening faces with v-shaped eyebrows (angry and scheming expressions) were detected more quickly than nonthreatening faces with inverted v-shaped eyebrows (happy and sad expressions). In contrast to the hypothesis that these effects were due to perceptual features unrelated to the face, no advantage was found for v-…
Anxiety-related bias in the classification of emotionally ambiguous facial expressions
High- and low-trait socially anxious individuals classified the emotional expressions of photographic quality continua of interpolated ("morphed") facial images that were derived from combining 6 basic prototype emotional expressions to various degrees, with the 2 adjacent emotions arranged in an emotion hexagon. When fear was 1 of the 2 component emotions, the high-trait group displayed enhanced sensitivity for fear. In a 2nd experiment where a …
Emotion Perception from Dynamic and Static Body Expressions in Point-Light and Full-Light Displays
Research on emotion recognition has been dominated by studies of photographs of facial expressions. A full understanding of emotion perception and its neural substrate will require investigations that employ dynamic displays and means of expression other than the face. Our aims were: (i) to develop a set of dynamic and static whole-body expressions of basic emotions for systematic investigations of clinical populations, and for use in functional-…
Viewing Time Effects Revisited
Understanding person perception
Bruce and Young's (1986) theoretical framework was actually a synthesis of ideas contributed by several people. Some of its insights have stood the test of time - especially the importance of using converging evidence from as wide a range of methods of enquiry as possible, and an emphasis on understanding the demands that are made by particular face perception tasks. But there were also areas where Bruce and Young failed to obey their own edicts …
Vicarious Viewing Time
Social inferences from faces
Facial Stereotype Visualization Through Image Averaging
Facial stereotypes are cognitive representations of the facial characteristics of members of social groups. In this study, we examined the extent to which facial stereotypes for occupational groups were based on physiognomic cues to stereotypical social characteristics. In Experiment 1, participants rated the occupational stereotypicality of naturalistic face images. These ratings were then regressed onto independent ratings of the faces on 16 se…
Face gender and stereotypicality influence facial trait evaluation
The facial first impressions literature has focused on trait dimensions, with less research on how social categories (like gender) may influence first impressions of faces. Yet, social psychological studies have shown the importance of categories like gender in the evaluation of behaviour. We investigated whether face gender affects the positive or negative evaluation of faces in terms of first impressions. In , we manipulated facial gender stere…
Finding the clues
W u, S heppard, and M itchell ( Br. J. Psychol ., 2016; 107, 1–22) provide interesting data on the perception of empathy. Their focus on cue validity could usefully be expanded to look at what cues are used, whether they have multimodal properties, and how the perception of empathy relates to other first impressions
Psychology (41 obras) · Cognitive psychology (36 obras) · Face Recognition and Perception (29 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (26 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Perception (20 obras) · Computer Science (17 obras) · Communication (15 obras) · Face (sociological concept) (14 obras) · Face perception (13 obras)