L Bear
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 28922 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | L Bear |
| NOMBRES | L |
| APELLIDO | Bear |
| FIRMA | BEAR L |
| AFILIACIONES | London School of Economics and Political Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1718-8129 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 27 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 694 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 27 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Réponse commune des autrices de Gens
1. Quelle a été l’impulsion initiale à la rédaction du Manifeste Gens ? Pourriez-vous nous dire ce qui vous a attirées dans le format « manifeste » ? Gens est né d’un constat que nous partagions toutes : il existait un nombre important de travaux théoriques en anthropologie sur le capitalisme n’étant pas reconnus ou cités en tant que tels. Au lieu de cela, les apports anthropologiques sur le capitalisme se cantonnaient au statut d’exemples ou d’i…
Gens
Ce manifeste féministe propose une nouvelle approche pour étudier le capitalisme en se concentrant sur la notion de « gens ». Les auteures, Laura Bear, Karen Ho, Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing et Sylvia Yanagisako, argumentent que l'analyse traditionnelle du capitalisme, souvent axée sur les structures et les systèmes, néglige les relations interpersonnelles et les dynamiques de pouvoir qui façonnent les expériences vécues. Elles introduisent le concept d…
Open science communication
The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the complex relationship between science and policy. Policymakers have had to make decisions at speed in conditions of uncertainty, implementing policies that have had profound consequences for people's lives. Yet this process has sometimes been characterised by fragmentation, opacity and a disconnect between evidence and policy. In the United Kingdom, concerns about the secrecy that initially surrounded…
‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ deaths during the Covid-19 pandemic
Dealing with excess death in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has thrown the question of a ‘good or bad death’ into sharp relief as countries across the globe have grappled with multiple peaks of cases and mortality; and communities mourn those lost. In the UK, these challenges have included the fact that mortality has adversely affected minority communities. Corpse disposal and social distancing guidelines do not allow a process of mourning …
Navigating Austerity
Navigating Austerity addresses a key policy question of our era: what happens to society and the environment when austerity dominates political and economic life? To get to the heart of this issue, Laura Bear tells the stories of boatmen, shipyard workers, hydrographers, port bureaucrats and river pilots on the Hooghly River, a tributary of the Ganges that flows into the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean. Through their accounts, Bear traces the hidd…
Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the Covid-19 pandemic
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), like Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), is an infection arising from a coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in recent times in terms of the global spread of infection and the resultant morbidity, mortality and burden on health systems. In the absence of a vaccine, reducing transmission of the COVID-19 virus requires rapid and extensive behaviour…
Fixing Inequalities in Time
Precarity and uncertainty are a key axis of inequality; yet these are not problems in or of time. They are experiences generated by the forms of financialised speculation that have eroded long term planning for the public good since the late 1980-90s. Key mediating institutions such as central banks and bureaucracies have been influenced by epistemes of Post-Keynesian economics that have eroded their capacity to provide us with security of liveli…
Speculation
This introduction explores how to build a critical analysis of post-crisis capitalism by moving beyond Marx, Foucault and Callon's approaches. This is crucially important because powerful technocratic institutions and the discipline of economics are attempting to regain legitimacy by adopting theories that mirror performativity, discursive, narrative and network concepts within the social sciences. To combat this we need to forge a new approach t…
Speculations on infrastructure
This paper issues a challenge to examine the current emergence of infrastructure as a global asset class against a longer-term colonial history of speculation. Taking the case of the Indian railways, it shows that their current financialization and transformation into a logistical network emerges from colonial techniques of calculations of risky frontiers, state guarantees and debt accounting. Historical forms built from racial and national inequ…
What Is Analysis
Recent years in anthropology have seen a noticeable trend, moving from debates about theory to a concern with method. So while some generations ago we would tend to identify ourselves as anthropologists with reference to particular theoretical paradigms-for example, Marxism, (post-)structuralism, cognitivism, cultural materialism, interpretivism-these days our tendency is to align ourselves, often eclectically, with proposals conceived as methodo…
The vitality of labour and its ghosts
A little reflected upon aspect of capitalism is that its reproduction relies on a sense that there exist large-scale generative processes that persist through time (Bear, Ho, Tsing & Yanagisako 2015). People from economists and bureaucrats to precarious workers across the world attempt to tap into and make visible these powers through various conducts of productivity (Bear 2015). It is this sense that allows us to hold fast to the ideas of abunda…
Attention to infrastructure offers a welcome reconfiguration of anthropological approaches to the political
This constitutes the edited proceedings of the 2015 meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory held at Manchester
Anthropological futures
This essay deploys two articles that Firth wrote on the future of anthropology in addition to his accounts of Tikopia dreams to reveal a hidden ethics of time characteristic of anthropology. Our discipline is grounded in a taken‐for‐granted secular humanism. This has led to rich reflection on contrasting values and theories of ethics. I will argue, however, that in order for our discipline to become an uncomfortable science in relation to convent…
Alternatives' to austerity
Current infrastructure development across the globe is described as an 'alternative' to austerity and as a nationalist riposte to globalization. From the UK to India to the US, it is represented as a way of reviving the fortunes of the 'common man' and a dispossessed, male working class. This article, based on research in the waterscape of the Hooghly River in India and World Bank initiatives, argues that current policies of financialized infrast…
Alternatives to austerity
We are in the age of austerity. Across the globe, there have recently been calls from both the left and the right to rethink policies of austerity and to rein in the forces of globalization. Over the past two years, anti-austerity sentiment has been a major factor in public votes in Europe and the US. Anti-globalization, anti-debt and anti-PPP movements are gaining broad support. Claiming to speak for ordinary families hit by the effects of auste…
Afterword
How might we construct a reinvigorated materialist analytics of human time that pushes beyond Marxist approaches? Here, I suggest that anthropology contains rich resources with which to achieve this aim. In particular, it can help us understand the qualities of secular and capitalist ‘modern’ time. An emphasis on time-tricking is especially useful in revealing the technologies of imagination, the ethics and the inequalities of such a temporal ori…
Time as Technique
A rapprochement between the anthropology of history and the anthropology of capitalism has created a temporal turn. This temporal turn has generated new theoretical insights into the times of capitalist modernity and vectors of inequality. Yet research has so far been divided into three separate streams of inquiry. Work addresses the techne (techniques), episteme (knowledge), or phronesis (ethics) of time, following traditions in the social scien…
Capitalist Divination
Economic theory and technocratic policy have long understood economic action to be a communicative activity. From Pierre-Simon Laplace and Adam Smith to current liberalization fiscal policy in India designed to produce price signals and entrepreneurial behavior this conceptualization has been dominant. Instead this article draws on the anthropology of divination to argue that capitalist action is provoked by technologies of the imagination that g…
Speculation
Speculation structures the unprecedented breadth and depth of contemporary global capitalism. We define it as an engagement with uncertainty that aims to materialize potential futures. Studies of economization and financialization have highlighted the production of value through transparent practices of calculation and have focused on the Global North. As an alternative, we use ethnographic and historical genealogical methods to explore predictiv…
Capital and time
This review compares P iketty and M arx's approaches to capital and time in order to argue for the importance of qualitative measures of inequality. These latter measures emphasize varying experiences across classes and through history of uncertainty and insecurity. They explore how the social rhythms of capital profoundly affect the ability to plan a life‐course. Quantitative measures such as those used by Piketty that focus on the amount of cap…
For labour
This paper uses an ethnography of river pilots who navigate container ships on the Hooghly to argue for a focus on labour as an act of mediation in the timespaces of global workplaces. A new approach to capitalist time is developed that seeks to combine recent emphasis on knowledge practices with an older Marxist emphasis on the mediating role of labour. Bureaucrats driven by the rhythms of repayment of public deficit have taken on an extractive …
Doubt, conflict, mediation
In this introduction, I argue that in spite of recent discussions of global and neoliberal time, the anthropology of modern time remains under-explored. Modern time here is understood to be a complex historical product. At its centre is the abstract time-reckoning of capitalism, which acts as a universal measure of value, but which always comes into conflict with concrete experiences of time. Its social disciplines emerge fromChristian practice, …
Making a river of gold
This article examines the forms of state planning associated with neoliberalism, through a history and ethnography of the Kolkata Port Trust during liberalization. All state plans are promised futures which create a contested dialogue between bureaucrats and citizens. Neoliberal governance makes these interactions particularly ambiguous and opaque, because it relies on decentralized, speculative planning and the stimulation of public-private part…
Ruins and Ghosts
Lines of the Nation
The Indian Railways and the Management of the Material and Moral Progress of Nations, 1849-18602. An Indian Traveling Public, 1850-19003. Governing the Railway Family, 1860-19004. Industrial Unrest and the Cultivation of Railway Communities, 1897-19315. An Economy of Suffering: The Ethics of Popular Nationalism in Petitions from Railway Workers, 1930-19476. Public Genealogies: Anglo-Indian Family Histories and the Railway Archive, 1927-1950Part 2…
Doubt, conflict, mediation
In this introduction, I argue that in spite of recent discussions of global and neoliberal time, the anthropology of modern time remains under-explored. Modern time here is understood to be a complex historical product. At its centre is the abstract time-reckoning of capitalism, which acts as a universal measure of value, but which always comes into conflict with concrete experiences of time. Its social disciplines emerge fromChristian practice, …
Time as Technique
A rapprochement between the anthropology of history and the anthropology of capitalism has created a temporal turn. This temporal turn has generated new theoretical insights into the times of capitalist modernity and vectors of inequality. Yet research has so far been divided into three separate streams of inquiry. Work addresses the techne (techniques), episteme (knowledge), or phronesis (ethics) of time, following traditions in the social scien…
Speculation
This introduction explores how to build a critical analysis of post-crisis capitalism by moving beyond Marx, Foucault and Callon's approaches. This is crucially important because powerful technocratic institutions and the discipline of economics are attempting to regain legitimacy by adopting theories that mirror performativity, discursive, narrative and network concepts within the social sciences. To combat this we need to forge a new approach t…
Attention to infrastructure offers a welcome reconfiguration of anthropological approaches to the political
This constitutes the edited proceedings of the 2015 meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory held at Manchester
Navigating Austerity
Navigating Austerity addresses a key policy question of our era: what happens to society and the environment when austerity dominates political and economic life? To get to the heart of this issue, Laura Bear tells the stories of boatmen, shipyard workers, hydrographers, port bureaucrats and river pilots on the Hooghly River, a tributary of the Ganges that flows into the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean. Through their accounts, Bear traces the hidd…
Speculation
Speculation structures the unprecedented breadth and depth of contemporary global capitalism. We define it as an engagement with uncertainty that aims to materialize potential futures. Studies of economization and financialization have highlighted the production of value through transparent practices of calculation and have focused on the Global North. As an alternative, we use ethnographic and historical genealogical methods to explore predictiv…
Speculations on infrastructure
This paper issues a challenge to examine the current emergence of infrastructure as a global asset class against a longer-term colonial history of speculation. Taking the case of the Indian railways, it shows that their current financialization and transformation into a logistical network emerges from colonial techniques of calculations of risky frontiers, state guarantees and debt accounting. Historical forms built from racial and national inequ…
For labour
This paper uses an ethnography of river pilots who navigate container ships on the Hooghly to argue for a focus on labour as an act of mediation in the timespaces of global workplaces. A new approach to capitalist time is developed that seeks to combine recent emphasis on knowledge practices with an older Marxist emphasis on the mediating role of labour. Bureaucrats driven by the rhythms of repayment of public deficit have taken on an extractive …
Capitalist Divination
Economic theory and technocratic policy have long understood economic action to be a communicative activity. From Pierre-Simon Laplace and Adam Smith to current liberalization fiscal policy in India designed to produce price signals and entrepreneurial behavior this conceptualization has been dominant. Instead this article draws on the anthropology of divination to argue that capitalist action is provoked by technologies of the imagination that g…
Alternatives' to austerity
Current infrastructure development across the globe is described as an 'alternative' to austerity and as a nationalist riposte to globalization. From the UK to India to the US, it is represented as a way of reviving the fortunes of the 'common man' and a dispossessed, male working class. This article, based on research in the waterscape of the Hooghly River in India and World Bank initiatives, argues that current policies of financialized infrast…
Public genealogies
This article argues for an approach to archives and documents that focusses on their material effects. It traces the impact of the East Indian Railway Nationality Files on the intimate stories of family genealogies among Anglo-Indian railway workers. The procedures of proof and record-keeping associated with these files (kept from 1927-50) displaced Anglo-Indian family histories into a public realm of state documents and archives, making these th…
Alternatives to austerity
We are in the age of austerity. Across the globe, there have recently been calls from both the left and the right to rethink policies of austerity and to rein in the forces of globalization. Over the past two years, anti-austerity sentiment has been a major factor in public votes in Europe and the US. Anti-globalization, anti-debt and anti-PPP movements are gaining broad support. Claiming to speak for ordinary families hit by the effects of auste…
Making a river of gold
This article examines the forms of state planning associated with neoliberalism, through a history and ethnography of the Kolkata Port Trust during liberalization. All state plans are promised futures which create a contested dialogue between bureaucrats and citizens. Neoliberal governance makes these interactions particularly ambiguous and opaque, because it relies on decentralized, speculative planning and the stimulation of public-private part…
Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the Covid-19 pandemic
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), like Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), is an infection arising from a coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in recent times in terms of the global spread of infection and the resultant morbidity, mortality and burden on health systems. In the absence of a vaccine, reducing transmission of the COVID-19 virus requires rapid and extensive behaviour…
Miscegenations of modernity
From 1857 Indian railways built railway colonies to inculcate a practical mastery of middle-class domesticity solely in their European employees. These were key sites for the construction and contestation of European identity. They marked Europe and India as separate locales bounded by distinct racial typologies and gender identities. The central distinction reinforced was that between European modernity and Indian tradition. This project was com…
The vitality of labour and its ghosts
A little reflected upon aspect of capitalism is that its reproduction relies on a sense that there exist large-scale generative processes that persist through time (Bear, Ho, Tsing & Yanagisako 2015). People from economists and bureaucrats to precarious workers across the world attempt to tap into and make visible these powers through various conducts of productivity (Bear 2015). It is this sense that allows us to hold fast to the ideas of abunda…
Gens
Ce manifeste féministe propose une nouvelle approche pour étudier le capitalisme en se concentrant sur la notion de « gens ». Les auteures, Laura Bear, Karen Ho, Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing et Sylvia Yanagisako, argumentent que l'analyse traditionnelle du capitalisme, souvent axée sur les structures et les systèmes, néglige les relations interpersonnelles et les dynamiques de pouvoir qui façonnent les expériences vécues. Elles introduisent le concept d…
Fixing Inequalities in Time
Precarity and uncertainty are a key axis of inequality; yet these are not problems in or of time. They are experiences generated by the forms of financialised speculation that have eroded long term planning for the public good since the late 1980-90s. Key mediating institutions such as central banks and bureaucracies have been influenced by epistemes of Post-Keynesian economics that have eroded their capacity to provide us with security of liveli…
Afterword
How might we construct a reinvigorated materialist analytics of human time that pushes beyond Marxist approaches? Here, I suggest that anthropology contains rich resources with which to achieve this aim. In particular, it can help us understand the qualities of secular and capitalist ‘modern’ time. An emphasis on time-tricking is especially useful in revealing the technologies of imagination, the ethics and the inequalities of such a temporal ori…
Miscegenations of modernity
From 1857 Indian railways built railway colonies to inculcate a practical mastery of middle-class domesticity solely in their European employees. These were key sites for the construction and contestation of European identity. They marked Europe and India as separate locales bounded by distinct racial typologies and gender identities. The central distinction reinforced was that between European modernity and Indian tradition. This project was com…
Public genealogies
This article argues for an approach to archives and documents that focusses on their material effects. It traces the impact of the East Indian Railway Nationality Files on the intimate stories of family genealogies among Anglo-Indian railway workers. The procedures of proof and record-keeping associated with these files (kept from 1927-50) displaced Anglo-Indian family histories into a public realm of state documents and archives, making these th…
Ruins and Ghosts
Lines of the Nation
The Indian Railways and the Management of the Material and Moral Progress of Nations, 1849-18602. An Indian Traveling Public, 1850-19003. Governing the Railway Family, 1860-19004. Industrial Unrest and the Cultivation of Railway Communities, 1897-19315. An Economy of Suffering: The Ethics of Popular Nationalism in Petitions from Railway Workers, 1930-19476. Public Genealogies: Anglo-Indian Family Histories and the Railway Archive, 1927-1950Part 2…
Making a river of gold
This article examines the forms of state planning associated with neoliberalism, through a history and ethnography of the Kolkata Port Trust during liberalization. All state plans are promised futures which create a contested dialogue between bureaucrats and citizens. Neoliberal governance makes these interactions particularly ambiguous and opaque, because it relies on decentralized, speculative planning and the stimulation of public-private part…
Capital and time
This review compares P iketty and M arx's approaches to capital and time in order to argue for the importance of qualitative measures of inequality. These latter measures emphasize varying experiences across classes and through history of uncertainty and insecurity. They explore how the social rhythms of capital profoundly affect the ability to plan a life‐course. Quantitative measures such as those used by Piketty that focus on the amount of cap…
For labour
This paper uses an ethnography of river pilots who navigate container ships on the Hooghly to argue for a focus on labour as an act of mediation in the timespaces of global workplaces. A new approach to capitalist time is developed that seeks to combine recent emphasis on knowledge practices with an older Marxist emphasis on the mediating role of labour. Bureaucrats driven by the rhythms of repayment of public deficit have taken on an extractive …
Doubt, conflict, mediation
In this introduction, I argue that in spite of recent discussions of global and neoliberal time, the anthropology of modern time remains under-explored. Modern time here is understood to be a complex historical product. At its centre is the abstract time-reckoning of capitalism, which acts as a universal measure of value, but which always comes into conflict with concrete experiences of time. Its social disciplines emerge fromChristian practice, …
Capitalist Divination
Economic theory and technocratic policy have long understood economic action to be a communicative activity. From Pierre-Simon Laplace and Adam Smith to current liberalization fiscal policy in India designed to produce price signals and entrepreneurial behavior this conceptualization has been dominant. Instead this article draws on the anthropology of divination to argue that capitalist action is provoked by technologies of the imagination that g…
Speculation
Speculation structures the unprecedented breadth and depth of contemporary global capitalism. We define it as an engagement with uncertainty that aims to materialize potential futures. Studies of economization and financialization have highlighted the production of value through transparent practices of calculation and have focused on the Global North. As an alternative, we use ethnographic and historical genealogical methods to explore predictiv…
Afterword
How might we construct a reinvigorated materialist analytics of human time that pushes beyond Marxist approaches? Here, I suggest that anthropology contains rich resources with which to achieve this aim. In particular, it can help us understand the qualities of secular and capitalist ‘modern’ time. An emphasis on time-tricking is especially useful in revealing the technologies of imagination, the ethics and the inequalities of such a temporal ori…
Time as Technique
A rapprochement between the anthropology of history and the anthropology of capitalism has created a temporal turn. This temporal turn has generated new theoretical insights into the times of capitalist modernity and vectors of inequality. Yet research has so far been divided into three separate streams of inquiry. Work addresses the techne (techniques), episteme (knowledge), or phronesis (ethics) of time, following traditions in the social scien…
Anthropological futures
This essay deploys two articles that Firth wrote on the future of anthropology in addition to his accounts of Tikopia dreams to reveal a hidden ethics of time characteristic of anthropology. Our discipline is grounded in a taken‐for‐granted secular humanism. This has led to rich reflection on contrasting values and theories of ethics. I will argue, however, that in order for our discipline to become an uncomfortable science in relation to convent…
Alternatives' to austerity
Current infrastructure development across the globe is described as an 'alternative' to austerity and as a nationalist riposte to globalization. From the UK to India to the US, it is represented as a way of reviving the fortunes of the 'common man' and a dispossessed, male working class. This article, based on research in the waterscape of the Hooghly River in India and World Bank initiatives, argues that current policies of financialized infrast…
Alternatives to austerity
We are in the age of austerity. Across the globe, there have recently been calls from both the left and the right to rethink policies of austerity and to rein in the forces of globalization. Over the past two years, anti-austerity sentiment has been a major factor in public votes in Europe and the US. Anti-globalization, anti-debt and anti-PPP movements are gaining broad support. Claiming to speak for ordinary families hit by the effects of auste…
What Is Analysis
Recent years in anthropology have seen a noticeable trend, moving from debates about theory to a concern with method. So while some generations ago we would tend to identify ourselves as anthropologists with reference to particular theoretical paradigms-for example, Marxism, (post-)structuralism, cognitivism, cultural materialism, interpretivism-these days our tendency is to align ourselves, often eclectically, with proposals conceived as methodo…
The vitality of labour and its ghosts
A little reflected upon aspect of capitalism is that its reproduction relies on a sense that there exist large-scale generative processes that persist through time (Bear, Ho, Tsing & Yanagisako 2015). People from economists and bureaucrats to precarious workers across the world attempt to tap into and make visible these powers through various conducts of productivity (Bear 2015). It is this sense that allows us to hold fast to the ideas of abunda…
Attention to infrastructure offers a welcome reconfiguration of anthropological approaches to the political
This constitutes the edited proceedings of the 2015 meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory held at Manchester
Navigating Austerity
Navigating Austerity addresses a key policy question of our era: what happens to society and the environment when austerity dominates political and economic life? To get to the heart of this issue, Laura Bear tells the stories of boatmen, shipyard workers, hydrographers, port bureaucrats and river pilots on the Hooghly River, a tributary of the Ganges that flows into the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean. Through their accounts, Bear traces the hidd…
Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the Covid-19 pandemic
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), like Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), is an infection arising from a coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in recent times in terms of the global spread of infection and the resultant morbidity, mortality and burden on health systems. In the absence of a vaccine, reducing transmission of the COVID-19 virus requires rapid and extensive behaviour…
Fixing Inequalities in Time
Precarity and uncertainty are a key axis of inequality; yet these are not problems in or of time. They are experiences generated by the forms of financialised speculation that have eroded long term planning for the public good since the late 1980-90s. Key mediating institutions such as central banks and bureaucracies have been influenced by epistemes of Post-Keynesian economics that have eroded their capacity to provide us with security of liveli…
Speculation
This introduction explores how to build a critical analysis of post-crisis capitalism by moving beyond Marx, Foucault and Callon's approaches. This is crucially important because powerful technocratic institutions and the discipline of economics are attempting to regain legitimacy by adopting theories that mirror performativity, discursive, narrative and network concepts within the social sciences. To combat this we need to forge a new approach t…
Speculations on infrastructure
This paper issues a challenge to examine the current emergence of infrastructure as a global asset class against a longer-term colonial history of speculation. Taking the case of the Indian railways, it shows that their current financialization and transformation into a logistical network emerges from colonial techniques of calculations of risky frontiers, state guarantees and debt accounting. Historical forms built from racial and national inequ…
‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ deaths during the Covid-19 pandemic
Dealing with excess death in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has thrown the question of a ‘good or bad death’ into sharp relief as countries across the globe have grappled with multiple peaks of cases and mortality; and communities mourn those lost. In the UK, these challenges have included the fact that mortality has adversely affected minority communities. Corpse disposal and social distancing guidelines do not allow a process of mourning …
Open science communication
The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the complex relationship between science and policy. Policymakers have had to make decisions at speed in conditions of uncertainty, implementing policies that have had profound consequences for people's lives. Yet this process has sometimes been characterised by fragmentation, opacity and a disconnect between evidence and policy. In the United Kingdom, concerns about the secrecy that initially surrounded…
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