David J O’brien
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 2906716 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | David J O’brien |
| NOMBRES | David J |
| APELLIDO | O’brien |
| FIRMA | O’BRIEN D J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Missouri |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5302-4258 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 73 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 266 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 73 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1968 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Defining Public Goods
Through the lens of an economist's notion of public goods, David J. O'Brien analyzes the dual problems of declining communities and polarizing conflicts between metropolitan and rural communities. The author describes in detail how seemingly intractable community-level problems and inter-community conflicts have been substantially reduced by framing them in terms of the self-interest of a larger polity. O'Brien's extensive community-level researc…
In Rome We Trust
Scholars have noticed in recent years the resurgent role of religion in both American and global politics. Italian scholar Manlio Graziano studied the global dimension (Holy Wars and Holy Alliance: The Return of Religions to the Global Political Stage, Columbia University Press, 2017) and took notice of the role of Catholics in recent American administrations and in the Vatican. So he set out to take a look at American Catholics and, given his se…
Introduction to symposium
The primary contributions of smallholders during the communist and early postcommunist periods have been food production and labour for large farms. Those conditions are changing, however, as modern farms require less labour and food supply may be imported. For most smallholders in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries, the postcommunist neoliberal environment has not brought significant improvement, and strong arguments …
Books by Our Readers
The Judicial Process: Law
The Role of Household Social Organization in the Structure of Rural Economies
Sociologists have examined how structural economic change affects household social organization and generation of household income from different sources. The introduction of elements of a market economy into rural Russia in the early 1990s provides a unique opportunity to examine these relationships. Much of the work on this topic, however, has been conducted in black earth zone, agriculturally dependent regions. Less attention has been given to…
The Underrepresentation of Women in Leadership Positions in Rural Russia
Numerous studies have documented the persistence of gender inequality in rural Russia, including the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. A survey (N = 169) conducted in two rural Russian regions examined residents' explanations of gender inequality and their support for various remedies to ameliorate this situation. Both male and female respondents downplay outright discrimination in accounting for gender-based occupational ineq…
Measuring the Benefits of Smallholder Farmer Membership in Producer-Controlled Vertical Value Chains
The question addressed in this article is what precisely are the benefits that small-scale farmers in the developing world receive from being members of producer-controlled vertical value chains? A baseline comparative survey was conducted of members and non-members of four vertically coordinated dairy cooperatives, three in Kenya and one in Uganda (N = 3,986), which are part of a larger five-year longitudinal cooperative study. The study measure…
The Influence of Farm Size on Gendered Involvement in Crop Cultivation and Decision-making Responsibility of Moldovan Farmers
This research describes the influence that farm size has on gendered involvement in crop cultivation and decision making about what crops to grow where, irrigation and marketing among small and medium-sized farmers in Moldova. Findings reveal that overall crop cultivation is characterized by gendered patterns that vary according to farm size. Overall men have much more input into decision making than do women but women on small farms have more in…
Poverty, Inequality and Subjective Quality of Life in Rural Russia during the Transition to a Market Economy
Survey data is used to examine the relationship between changes in indicators of poverty and inequality in Russia and the subjective quality of life and mental health of rural residents in that country from 1991 to 2006. The effect of changes in incidences of poverty and inequality on the overall mental health of the rural population is straightforward, with a substantial lowering of symptoms of depression following the economic stabilization of …
Entrepreneurial Attitudes in a Post-Communist Transitional Rural Economy
Entrepreneurial Attitudes in a Post-Communist Transitional Rural Economy: The Case of Moldova A sample survey of small and medium-sized farms in Moldova is used to examine the prevalence of different aspects of an "entrepreneurial outlook" in a post-communist transitional economy. Within the range of less than 1 to 100 hectare farms, the most pronounced differences are that operators of larger farms have greater "technical knowledge" of different…
A New Institutional Approach to Entrepreneurship and Inequality in Rural Russian Villages
New Institutional Economics (NIE) and New Institutional Sociology (NIS) provide complementary paradigms with which to understand the relationship between formal institutional changes in a reform period and informal institutional structures with which household economies adapt to reform policies. Survey data gathered from rural Russian households from 1991 to 2006 provide an empirical test of hypotheses drawn from NIE and NIS. The most important f…
Formal institutional solutions to the development of social capital
Sources of Income, Mental Health and Quality of Life in Rural Russia
This article reports on a survey examining sources of income and their effects on the mental health and subjective quality of life of residents in nine rural Russian regions. Using conventional measures of depressed mood and respondents' assessments of the quality of their lives in different domains, the authors find that the emergence of a mixed economy, that generates income from salary and wages and household enterprises, as well as government…
Rural Reform and the Gender Gap in Post-Soviet Russia
Using survey data from 900 rural households, this article assesses the degree to which Soviet-era workplace inequality between rural males and females has been remediated by the introduction of democratic and market reforms. The overall effects of reform institutions are mixed. Concerning male-female workplace inequality, three continuities were found with the Soviet period. First, rural males have larger total incomes than do rural females. Seco…
The Economics of Rural Households in Russia
An American specialist on Russia's agrarian sector and two collaborators explore the effects of distance to nearby urban markets on the agricultural output and income of Russian rural households. Unlike previous studies that have largely tested such effects on the basis of household distance from relatively large oblast administrative centers, the authors adopt a micro-level scale of analysis, focusing on distance from smaller rayon centers. Comp…
Income Stratification in Russian Villages From Profession to Property
Russia’s rural residents, much like foreign investors, only began to put capital into the transitional economy when it became apparent that contracts and other institutional arrangements would be enforced
The Geographies of Development Studies and Research
Judging from the phenomenal response by graduates and friends of IDS who took up the Institute's invitation to prognosticate on the future of development research, there might be a temptation to argue that the support IDS enjoys will propel it confidently into the future. Wisely, the IDS40 conference was designed to critique the past and question whether the direction steered over the last 40 years is the right trajectory
Beyond Stratification
Using survey data from Russian villages, this article examines the development of a rural class structure in postcommunist Russia. It is argued that as a result of market reforms, social and economic relations have evolved beyond stratification, and that, rather, a rural class structure is emerging. Five measures of an emerging class structure are posited: income stratification, land holdings, capital stock, class consciousness, and shared attitu…
Social mobility in rural Russia, 1995-2003
Using panel survey data from three Russian villages, this article examines rural social mobility in post-communist Russia. The article finds that contemporary rural social mobility is different from that which existed during the Soviet period. During the Soviet period, rural social mobility was linked to changes in profession and the direction of mobility was primarily upward. In the post-Soviet period, rural mobility is linked to increasing inco…
Rural Areas of Russia in 1991 to 2001
Linking indigenous bonding and bridging social capital
O'Brien D. J., Phillips J. L. and Patsiorkovsky V. V. (2005) Linking indigenous bonding and bridging social capital, Regional Studies 39 , 1041–1051. Reconciling indigenous bonding and bridging social capital remains a difficult issue in economic development and global issues of inequality. A failure to address this problem weakens the legitimacy of liberal democratic political institutions. Mancur Olson's Logic of Collective Action (1971) is use…
Marketization and Community in Post-Soviet Russian Villages
The introduction of new market institutions in former socialist countries has produced economic and social dislocations in people's lives. Researchers have focused on the impact of these changes on inequality and poverty, but have not given much attention to changes in community relationships. Panel data from surveys of Russian rural households (1995–1999) is used to examine post-socialist changes in community involvement. The surveys show an ove…
Household Responses, Regional Diversity and Contemporary Agrarian Reform in Russia
This article analyses divergent patterns of responses using survey data from rural households in three region of Russia. The purpose of this article is to explore how household responses to reform differ in geographically distinct regions. Second, the goal is to compare regional response patterns using a standardized set of reform dimensions: perceptions about winners and losers, responses to land reform opportunities, the structure of household …
Contemporary Rural Responses to Reform from Above
European Capitals of Culture
The European City/Capital of Culture Programme was launched in 1985 and the ECoC title has been awarded to nearly 60 cities in 30 countries. The Programme has become a key platform for city positioning and a catalyst for economic and cultural regeneration. Immediate cultural, social and economic impacts are common and the capacity to secure long-term effects, though harder to evidence, has grown in key areas such as urban image change and tourism…
Community Attachment and Depression Among Residents in Two Rural Midwestern Communities1
The relationship between community attachment and depression is examined in a sample survey (N = 295) in two midwestern rural towns and their surrounding open-country areas. When community attachment, a variable through which a rural resident's social integration into the local community affects mental health, was low, higher levels of symptoms of depression were observed. The economic viability of the local community was found to have a relation…
The Social Networks of Leaders in More and Less Viable Rural Communities1
The relationship between the social networks of leaders and community viability is examined in a comparative study of leaders (N = 75) in five rural communities (population range, 1,000 to 2,500). The analysis looks at leaders' connections to organizations outside of their communities and at different kinds of linkages between leaders within their respective communities. Leaders in more and less viable communities do not differ much in characteri…
Winners and Losers in Russian Agrarian Reform
More than ten years after Russian agrarian reform was begun, it is appropriate to reflect upon winners and losers. Using survey data from 800 households in five Russian regions, this article is interested in the effect of reform within the rural sphere. The analysis focuses on four groups of rural actors within the food production sphere: private farmers, farm managers, specialists employed on state and collective farms and their juridical succes…
Community Attachment Among Leaders in Five Rural Communities1
The relationship between the different ways leaders may relate to rural communities and their ability to relate to extracommunity individuals and organizations is examined. Drawing from the insights of Merton (1957) into local and cosmopolitan influentials and a newer literature on community attachment, two dimensions of attachment to the local community are identified. A survey of 75 leaders in five midwestern rural communities provides evidence…
Question-Order Effects on the Determinants of Subjective Well-Being
Journal Article QUESTION-ORDER EFFECTS ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING Get access MCKEE J. MCCLENDON, MCKEE J. MCCLENDON Professor Department of Sociology at the University of Akron Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DAVID J. O'BRIEN DAVID J. O'BRIEN Professor Department of Community Development at the University of Missouri-Columbia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Googl…
The Social Networks of Leaders in More or Less Viable Communities Six Years Later
Using 1995 data, this study re-examines the social networks of leaders in five more and less viable rural communities in Missouri which were originally studied in 1989 (O'Brien et al. 1991; O'Brien and Hassinger 1992). In the six year period between the 1989 and 1995 surveys, four of the five communities were impacted by major events, including the introduction of corporate hog production in two places and flooding in two others. However, despite…
Linking indigenous bonding and bridging social capital
O'Brien D. J., Phillips J. L. and Patsiorkovsky V. V. (2005) Linking indigenous bonding and bridging social capital, Regional Studies 39 , 1041–1051. Reconciling indigenous bonding and bridging social capital remains a difficult issue in economic development and global issues of inequality. A failure to address this problem weakens the legitimacy of liberal democratic political institutions. Mancur Olson's Logic of Collective Action (1971) is use…
Contemporary Rural Responses to Reform from Above
Poverty and Adaptation in Rural Russia
Survey data are used to identify different levels of poverty emerging in the adaptation of rural households to the new Russian market economy. Three levels of poverty are described: the absolutely deprived, the deprived and the relatively deprived. Comparisons of the adaptation strategies of these different types of households are made with respect to (a) different sources of income; (b) access to physical capital; (c) household production and sa…
The use of the CES-D for measuring symptoms of depression in three rural Russian villages
Social mobility in rural Russia, 1995-2003
Using panel survey data from three Russian villages, this article examines rural social mobility in post-communist Russia. The article finds that contemporary rural social mobility is different from that which existed during the Soviet period. During the Soviet period, rural social mobility was linked to changes in profession and the direction of mobility was primarily upward. In the post-Soviet period, rural mobility is linked to increasing inco…
Why Russia's Rural Poor Are Poor
Specialists on the Russian rural sector examine the level, extent, causes, and consequences of rural poverty in Russia. Analysis is based on survey data from person-to-person interviews of 800 rural households in five regions within Russia. The article examines structural, behavioral, and psychological factors, comparing the poor with the non-poor on each dimension
Household Production and Symptoms of Stress in Post-Soviet Russian Villages1
This paper examines the impact of human capital (the number of working age household members), social capital (social exchange helping networks and community integration), technological capital (use of mechanical agricultural tools), and village of residence on stratification of Russian peasant households in the post-Soviet era. Findings from a 1995 survey of households in three Russian villages show that the number of working age adults in the h…
Inshopping by Residents of Small Communities1
With improvements in transportation and communication, rural consumers no longer are limited to their local trade center and personal factors become more important in shaping consumer patterns. With data from residents in two small rural communities in northwestern Missouri, this study examines the effects of consumers' socioeconomic characteristics, personal location situations, and community satisfaction on buying within the local community (in…
Introduction to symposium
The primary contributions of smallholders during the communist and early postcommunist periods have been food production and labour for large farms. Those conditions are changing, however, as modern farms require less labour and food supply may be imported. For most smallholders in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries, the postcommunist neoliberal environment has not brought significant improvement, and strong arguments …
Income Stratification in Russian Villages From Profession to Property
Russia’s rural residents, much like foreign investors, only began to put capital into the transitional economy when it became apparent that contracts and other institutional arrangements would be enforced
Beyond Stratification
Using survey data from Russian villages, this article examines the development of a rural class structure in postcommunist Russia. It is argued that as a result of market reforms, social and economic relations have evolved beyond stratification, and that, rather, a rural class structure is emerging. Five measures of an emerging class structure are posited: income stratification, land holdings, capital stock, class consciousness, and shared attitu…
Marketization and Community in Post-Soviet Russian Villages
The introduction of new market institutions in former socialist countries has produced economic and social dislocations in people's lives. Researchers have focused on the impact of these changes on inequality and poverty, but have not given much attention to changes in community relationships. Panel data from surveys of Russian rural households (1995–1999) is used to examine post-socialist changes in community involvement. The surveys show an ove…
Structural Assimilation, Ethnic Group Membership, and Political Participation among Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans differ from most other American ethnic groups by combining high levels of structural assimilation with high levels of involvement in ethnic community voluntary associations. The impact of this on political participation is examined with data from a two generation study of Japanese Americans. The analysis shows that structural assimilation and involvement in the ethnic community can provide different but complementary mechanisms…
Racial Composition and Neighborhood Evaluation
While the negative association between racial composition and neighborhood evaluation for white residents is fairly well established, there is less consensus on what are the precise mechanisms which produce this relationship. This paper examines three possible mechanisms in this regard: status loss, perceived decline in the quality of neighborhood services, and fears about personal safety. A survey of nine neighborhoods with different racial mixe…
Rural Reform and the Gender Gap in Post-Soviet Russia
Using survey data from 900 rural households, this article assesses the degree to which Soviet-era workplace inequality between rural males and females has been remediated by the introduction of democratic and market reforms. The overall effects of reform institutions are mixed. Concerning male-female workplace inequality, three continuities were found with the Soviet period. First, rural males have larger total incomes than do rural females. Seco…
The Public Goods Dilemma and the "Apathy" of the Poor toward Neighborhood Organization
Mancur Olson's discussion of the public goods dilemma in interest-group formation is used to explain the apparent indifference of the poor toward neighborhood organization efforts. Instead of focusing on alleged unique characteristics of the poor or poor neighborhoods, I will illustrate how the neighborhood organization problem can be viewed within the same analytical framework used to explain the successes and failures of other interest-group ve…
The future of the village in a restructured food and agricultural sector in the former Soviet Union
The Impact of Different Kinds of Neighborhood Involvement on Residents' Overall Evaluations of Their Neighborhoods
This paper focuses on the relative impact of different kinds of social participation on an individual's sentiment toward his or her neighborhood. Three kinds of neighborhood participation are considered: (1) informal social participation; (2) involvement in formal neighborhood voluntary associations; and (3) use of neighborhood services. Survey data on nine moderate income neighborhoods with various racial mixes are employed in the analysis. The …
The Underrepresentation of Women in Leadership Positions in Rural Russia
Numerous studies have documented the persistence of gender inequality in rural Russia, including the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. A survey (N = 169) conducted in two rural Russian regions examined residents' explanations of gender inequality and their support for various remedies to ameliorate this situation. Both male and female respondents downplay outright discrimination in accounting for gender-based occupational ineq…
American Catholic Historiography
Papers on historiography, reviewing and assessing recent literature in a particular field, have become commonplace and no one questions their value or utility. A report of this sort would be useful today on the subject of American Catholicism for, in the ten years since Henry J. Browne last surveyed the field, a number of high quality monographs have appeared. Nevertheless there is a second type of historiographical analysis more relevant today. …
American Catholics and Social Reform
American Catholics and Social Reform
Journal Article American Catholics and Social Reform: The New Deal Years. By David J. O'Brien. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. xi + 287 pp. Notes and index. $6.50.) Get access George Q. Flynn George Q. Flynn Seattle University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 56, Issue 1, June 1969, Pages 181–182, https://doi.org/10.2307/1902131 Published: 01 June 1969
American Catholics and Social Reform
American Catholics and Social Reform
Advocacy Planning for Urban Development
The Public Goods Dilemma and the "Apathy" of the Poor toward Neighborhood Organization
Mancur Olson's discussion of the public goods dilemma in interest-group formation is used to explain the apparent indifference of the poor toward neighborhood organization efforts. Instead of focusing on alleged unique characteristics of the poor or poor neighborhoods, I will illustrate how the neighborhood organization problem can be viewed within the same analytical framework used to explain the successes and failures of other interest-group ve…
Urban Political Movements
CAQ Volume 27 issue 2 Cover and Fornt matter
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Neighborhood Organization and Interest-Group Processes
Economics, Ideology, and Ethnicity
The different dimensions of ethnicity in an inter-ethnic group conflict are explored in this study of the struggle between the predominantly Mexican American United Farm Workers Union and the Japanese American initiated Nisei Farmers League. Our central thesis is that although the economic/situational dimension of ethnicity plays the dominant role in generating the causes and consequences of the conflict between the farm workers and the growers, …
Needs and Formulas
Federal involvement in urban redevelopment currently takes the form of “community development block grants.” Such involvement may be understood as a specific case of the more general issue of distributive justice. The allocation formulas for block grants are attempts to operationalize distributive justice in terms of three potentially competing principles: need, right, and desert. Using as a springboard a recent HUD evaluation report on allocatio…
Drug Users and Emergent Organizations
The Impact of Different Kinds of Neighborhood Involvement on Residents' Overall Evaluations of Their Neighborhoods
This paper focuses on the relative impact of different kinds of social participation on an individual's sentiment toward his or her neighborhood. Three kinds of neighborhood participation are considered: (1) informal social participation; (2) involvement in formal neighborhood voluntary associations; and (3) use of neighborhood services. Survey data on nine moderate income neighborhoods with various racial mixes are employed in the analysis. The …
Middleman Minority Concept
The concept of the “middleman minority” has been employed in the social sciences to deal with minority groups whose historical experience, although marked by discrimination, is not characterized by continuous, extreme subordinate status. The explanatory value of this concept is challenged, however, when one examines the historical experience of one of its primary empirical examples, Japanese Americans in agriculture. In this case, one of the most…
Recent Developments in Urban Sociology
Breaking Bread
Journal Article Breaking Bread: The Catholic Worker and the Origin of Catholic Radicalism in America. By Mel Piehl. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982. xv + 296 pp. Illustrations, notes, selected bibliography, and index. $19.95.) Get access David J. O'Brien David J. O'Brien College of the Holy Cross Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 71, Issue 2, September 1984, P…
Mobilization of a Traditionally Petit Bourgeois Ethnic Group
Historically, petit bourgeois ethnic groups have been able to mobilize to support collective economic goals. This study examines whether they can still draw on ethnic community support when many members no longer have an economic stake in the issue. Survey data on Japanese American support for the Japanese American farmers' position on a farm labor referendum were collected. There was a high degree of support among the second generation regardles…
Structural Assimilation, Ethnic Group Membership, and Political Participation among Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans differ from most other American ethnic groups by combining high levels of structural assimilation with high levels of involvement in ethnic community voluntary associations. The impact of this on political participation is examined with data from a two generation study of Japanese Americans. The analysis shows that structural assimilation and involvement in the ethnic community can provide different but complementary mechanisms…
Racial Composition and Neighborhood Evaluation
While the negative association between racial composition and neighborhood evaluation for white residents is fairly well established, there is less consensus on what are the precise mechanisms which produce this relationship. This paper examines three possible mechanisms in this regard: status loss, perceived decline in the quality of neighborhood services, and fears about personal safety. A survey of nine neighborhoods with different racial mixe…
Question-Order Effects on the Determinants of Subjective Well-Being
Journal Article QUESTION-ORDER EFFECTS ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING Get access MCKEE J. MCCLENDON, MCKEE J. MCCLENDON Professor Department of Sociology at the University of Akron Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DAVID J. O'BRIEN DAVID J. O'BRIEN Professor Department of Community Development at the University of Missouri-Columbia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Googl…
Public Catholicism
Journal Article Public Catholicism., Patterns of Episcopal Leadership., Immigrants and Their Church., American Catholic Women: A Historical Exploration., Catholic Intellectual Life in America: A Historical Study of Persons and Movements. and Living Stones: The History and Structure of Catholic Spiritual Life in the United States Get access Philip Gleason Philip Gleason University of Notre Dame Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Acad…
The Social Networks of Leaders in More and Less Viable Rural Communities1
The relationship between the social networks of leaders and community viability is examined in a comparative study of leaders (N = 75) in five rural communities (population range, 1,000 to 2,500). The analysis looks at leaders' connections to organizations outside of their communities and at different kinds of linkages between leaders within their respective communities. Leaders in more and less viable communities do not differ much in characteri…
Japanese American Ethnicity
The Paradox of Irish and Japanese Assimilation
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