John Pencavel
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 301225 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John Pencavel |
| NOMBRES | John |
| APELLIDO | Pencavel |
| FIRMA | PENCAVEL J |
| AFILIACIONES | Stanford University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 105 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1969 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth-Century American Labor Markets
Income inequality in the United States has been lower in periods when trade unionism has been strong. Using observations on wages by occupation, by geography, and by gender in collective bargaining contracts from the 1940s to the 1970s, patterns in movements of wage differentials are revealed. As wages increased, some contracts maintained relative wage differentials constant, some maintained absolute differences in wages constant, others combined…
Hours, Employment and Earnings of American Manufacturing Workers from the 19th Century to the 21st Century
For a century, two labour market empirical regularities characterized the movements of the hours of work, employment and hourly compensation of American manufacturing production workers. They resembled conditional labour supply functions. Increases in employment substituted for reductions in hours per worker. The implied elasticities of hours and employment with respect to hourly earnings declined in absolute value over time. The activities of tr…
Introduction
The length of work matters to both workers and employers. What happens to output when hours are extended? What happens to a worker’s well-being when hours are extended? What fraction of workers work long hours today and who are these workers? As the book’s introduction, the author explains his approach to these questions, the types of evidence he presents in later chapters, and his arguments for why some common approaches to this subject neglect …
Recovery from Work and the Productivity of Working Hours
Observations on munitions workers are organized to examine the relationship between their output each week, their working hours and days each week, and their working hours and days in adjacent weeks. The hypothesis is that workers need to recover from work, and a long working week results in greater fatigue and stress, and yet provides insufficient time for recuperation before the next week's work opens. Workers require time off the job to restor…
Keynesian Controversies on Wages
In The General Theory, Keynes advanced two hypotheses about movements in wages and urged their empirical investigation. John Dunlop, Lorie Tarshis and Henry Richardson responded to this call with articles published in the Economic Journal in the late 1930s. In turn, Keynes replied to their findings. This exchange is described and the subsequent literature on the cyclical movement of real wages and the rigidity of money wages is outlined
The Productivity of Working Hours
Journal Article The Productivity of Working Hours Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 125, Issue 589, 1 December 2015, Pages 2052–2076, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12166 Published: 09 October 2014
The Changing Size Distribution of U.S. Trade Unions and its Description by Pareto's Distribution
The size distribution of trade unions in the United States and changes in this distribution are documented. Because the most profound changes are taking place among very large unions, these are subject to special analysis by invoking Pareto's distribution—a new application of this distribution. Extensions to trade union wealth and to Britain are broached. The role of the public sector in these changes receives particular attention. A simple model…
How Successful Have Trade Unions Been? A Utility-Based Indicator of Union Well-Being
Can conventional economic analysis help in defining and measuring the success of labor unions? In this paper, a general indicator of union welfare is proposed and particular expressions for the wage and employment objectives of unions are rearranged to derive measures of union success or welfare. These indicators combine two measures: union density and the relative union-nonunion wage gap. The indicators are applied to describe the movement of un…
Wages, Employment, and Capital in Capitalist and Worker-Owned Firms
A Life Cycle Perspective on Changes in Earnings Inequality among Married Men and Women
The connection between changes in earnings inequality of individuals and changes in family earnings involves several links: the movements in the employment of different family members, the association between changes in husbands' and in wives' earnings, and patterns of assortative mating. A decomposition of the logarithm of the coefficient of variation in family earnings identifies these links. The data on the dispersion of family earnings are or…
Wages, Employment, and Capital in Capitalist and Worker-Owned Firms
The authors investigate how worker-owned and capitalist enterprises differ with respect to wages, employment, and capital in Italy, the market economy with the greatest incidence of worker-owned and worker-managed firms. Estimates calculated using a matched employer-worker panel data set for the years 1982-94 largely corroborate the implications of orthodox behavioral models of the two types of enterprise. Co-ops had 14% lower wages than capitali…
The Effect of Macroeconomic Turbulence on Real Wage Levels and the Wage Structure
Worker Participation
The Empirical Performance of Orthodox Models of the Firm
Though it is routinely posited that organizations with different property rights will not exhibit the same responses to changes in their economic environment, compelling evidence of such behavior is difficult to find. The authors collected observations on two types of firms--conventional proprietorships and worker-owned cooperatives--operating in the same industry, in the same location, and at the same period of time. They compare the firms' reac…
British Unemployment
Journal Article British Unemployment: Letter from America Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Department of Economics, Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 104, Issue 424, 1 May 1994, Pages 621–632, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234637 Published: 01 May 1994
Changes in Work Hours of Male Employees, 1940-1988
This paper examines changes in work hours of male employees as reported in Decennial Censuses from 1940 to 1980 and in the 1980 and 1988 Current Population Surveys. Aggregate data analyzed in previous research do not reveal the changes in hours that have occurred among workers of different skills. Although median weekly hours were virtually constant from 1940 to 1988, the upper tail of the hours distribution fell for those with little schooling a…
Trends in Market Work Behavior of Women Since 1940
The authors analyze the movements in work hours and employment of female employees as reported in Decennial Censuses from 1940 to 1980 and in Current Population Surveys from 1980 and 1988. Women with relatively little schooling were working fewer hours in the 1980s than in 1940; the reverse is true of well-educated women. These patterns remain when the data are disaggregated by marital status and the presence of children, and they are also little…
Prospects for Economics
Journal Article Prospects for Economics Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 101, Issue 404, 1 January 1991, Pages 81–87, https://doi.org/10.2307/2233842 Published: 01 January 1991
The Determination of Wages, Employment, and Work Hours in an Economy with Centralised Wage-Setting
Journal Article The Determination of Wages, Employment, and Work Hours in an Economy with Centralised Wage-Setting: Sweden, 1950-83 Get access John Pencavel, John Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bertil Holmlund Bertil Holmlund Uppsala University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 98, Issue 393, 1 December 1988, …
Chapter 1 Labor supply of men
Testing between Competing Models of Wage and Employment Determination in Unionized Markets
Two models of wage and employment determination in unionized markets are routinely exposited. According to one, wage and employment outcomes are on the firm's labor demand curve; according to the other, wages and employment are on the partie' contract curve. This paper spells out an empirical procedure that discriminates between these two models and applies this procedure to the particular case of the newspaper industry and the International Typo…
Believing what we cannot prove
An Ownership Theory of the Trade Union . Donald L. Martin
Wage-Fixing
Trade Unions
The Productivity of Working Hours
Journal Article The Productivity of Working Hours Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 125, Issue 589, 1 December 2015, Pages 2052–2076, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12166 Published: 09 October 2014
Trends in Market Work Behavior of Women Since 1940
The authors analyze the movements in work hours and employment of female employees as reported in Decennial Censuses from 1940 to 1980 and in Current Population Surveys from 1980 and 1988. Women with relatively little schooling were working fewer hours in the 1980s than in 1940; the reverse is true of well-educated women. These patterns remain when the data are disaggregated by marital status and the presence of children, and they are also little…
The Empirical Performance of Orthodox Models of the Firm
Though it is routinely posited that organizations with different property rights will not exhibit the same responses to changes in their economic environment, compelling evidence of such behavior is difficult to find. The authors collected observations on two types of firms--conventional proprietorships and worker-owned cooperatives--operating in the same industry, in the same location, and at the same period of time. They compare the firms' reac…
Testing between Competing Models of Wage and Employment Determination in Unionized Markets
Two models of wage and employment determination in unionized markets are routinely exposited. According to one, wage and employment outcomes are on the firm's labor demand curve; according to the other, wages and employment are on the partie' contract curve. This paper spells out an empirical procedure that discriminates between these two models and applies this procedure to the particular case of the newspaper industry and the International Typo…
Wages, Employment, and Capital in Capitalist and Worker-Owned Firms
The authors investigate how worker-owned and capitalist enterprises differ with respect to wages, employment, and capital in Italy, the market economy with the greatest incidence of worker-owned and worker-managed firms. Estimates calculated using a matched employer-worker panel data set for the years 1982-94 largely corroborate the implications of orthodox behavioral models of the two types of enterprise. Co-ops had 14% lower wages than capitali…
Changes in Work Hours of Male Employees, 1940-1988
This paper examines changes in work hours of male employees as reported in Decennial Censuses from 1940 to 1980 and in the 1980 and 1988 Current Population Surveys. Aggregate data analyzed in previous research do not reveal the changes in hours that have occurred among workers of different skills. Although median weekly hours were virtually constant from 1940 to 1988, the upper tail of the hours distribution fell for those with little schooling a…
The Demand for Union Services
Presents a study that proposed a framework for analyzing the growth in trade union membership. Distinction between the collective, semicollective, and private services offered by trade unions; Results; Implications of the study findings. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
British Unemployment
Journal Article British Unemployment: Letter from America Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Department of Economics, Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 104, Issue 424, 1 May 1994, Pages 621–632, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234637 Published: 01 May 1994
Forecasting the Effects of a Negative Income Tax Program
This paper outlines a scheme that forecasts the change in net earnings or in hours worked that results from the introduction of a negative income tax (NIT) program. The authors illustrate this scheme by estimating labor supply functions for married men, married women, and single women who participated in the Seattle-Denver Income Maintenance Experiments. These functions are then used to simulate the effects of several NIT programs. The findings s…
Prospects for Economics
Journal Article Prospects for Economics Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 101, Issue 404, 1 January 1991, Pages 81–87, https://doi.org/10.2307/2233842 Published: 01 January 1991
Wage and Employment Determination under Trade Unionism
The wages and employment of typographers are examined to see whether they can be usefully characterized as the outcome of a process by which the union maximizes an objective function containing wages and employment and is constrained by a trade-off between these two variables as represented by the employer's labor demand function. Our functional form assumptions permit investigation of some familiar special cases of union behavior. The parameter …
Recovery from Work and the Productivity of Working Hours
Observations on munitions workers are organized to examine the relationship between their output each week, their working hours and days each week, and their working hours and days in adjacent weeks. The hypothesis is that workers need to recover from work, and a long working week results in greater fatigue and stress, and yet provides insufficient time for recuperation before the next week's work opens. Workers require time off the job to restor…
Keynesian Controversies on Wages
In The General Theory, Keynes advanced two hypotheses about movements in wages and urged their empirical investigation. John Dunlop, Lorie Tarshis and Henry Richardson responded to this call with articles published in the Economic Journal in the late 1930s. In turn, Keynes replied to their findings. This exchange is described and the subsequent literature on the cyclical movement of real wages and the rigidity of money wages is outlined
The Effects of Incomes Policies on the Frequency and Size of Wage Changes
Along with house rents, wages have frequently been described as the ttstickiestu prices in the economy, rarely adjusted more than once a year
Relative Wages and Trade Unions in the United Kingdom
British economists in the last decade or so have concentrated their efforts on the part played by unions in wage inflation. This paper is addressed to a somewhat different question: by how much have trade unions in Britain raised the pay of unionized manual workers relative to the pay of non-unionized manual workers? The derived estimates pertain not to a single occupation or industry, but are an economy-wide average and so, no doubt, conceal som…
A Note on the Comparative Predictive Performance of Wage Inflation Models of the British Economy
Journal Article A Note on the Comparative Predictive Performance of Wage Inflation Models of the British Economy Get access John H. Pencavel John H. Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 81, Issue 321, 1 March 1971, Pages 113–119, https://doi.org/10.2307/2229759 Published: 01 March 1971
An Investigation into Industrial Strike Activity in Britain
In the proliferating diagnoses of Britain's post-war economic performance, its system of industrial relations has come under increasing criticism. Practically every day the news media supply us with examples of the most bizarre of employee-management contretemps, so that the general public must be forgiven if it concludes that these incidents are typical of Britain's system of industrial relations. Above all, attention has been focused on the fre…
American Trade Union Growth
I. Some determinants of union growth, 435. — II. Empirical results, 439. — III. Consideration of some subperiods, 445. — IV Conclusion, 447.
Interindustry Variations in Voluntary Labor Mobility
An Investigation into Industrial Strike Activity in Britain
In the proliferating diagnoses of Britain's post-war economic performance, its system of industrial relations has come under increasing criticism. Practically every day the news media supply us with examples of the most bizarre of employee-management contretemps, so that the general public must be forgiven if it concludes that these incidents are typical of Britain's system of industrial relations. Above all, attention has been focused on the fre…
A Note on the Comparative Predictive Performance of Wage Inflation Models of the British Economy
Journal Article A Note on the Comparative Predictive Performance of Wage Inflation Models of the British Economy Get access John H. Pencavel John H. Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 81, Issue 321, 1 March 1971, Pages 113–119, https://doi.org/10.2307/2229759 Published: 01 March 1971
The Demand for Union Services
Presents a study that proposed a framework for analyzing the growth in trade union membership. Distinction between the collective, semicollective, and private services offered by trade unions; Results; Implications of the study findings. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
Relative Wages and Trade Unions in the United Kingdom
British economists in the last decade or so have concentrated their efforts on the part played by unions in wage inflation. This paper is addressed to a somewhat different question: by how much have trade unions in Britain raised the pay of unionized manual workers relative to the pay of non-unionized manual workers? The derived estimates pertain not to a single occupation or industry, but are an economy-wide average and so, no doubt, conceal som…
Wage Changes and the Frequency of Wage Settlements
The practical importance for public policy of the determinants of aggregate money wage changes has spawned an extensive empirical literature on this subject in the last decade or so. Since little of empirical significance seems to have been settled by this research, it is not surprising that it has been receiving substantial formal and informal criticism. On the one hand there has been criticism of the weak connection between economic theories an…
Unemployment Insurance Taxes and Labor Turnover
Wage and Employment Determination under Trade Unionism
The wages and employment of typographers are examined to see whether they can be usefully characterized as the outcome of a process by which the union maximizes an objective function containing wages and employment and is constrained by a trade-off between these two variables as represented by the employer's labor demand function. Our functional form assumptions permit investigation of some familiar special cases of union behavior. The parameter …
The Effects of Incomes Policies on the Frequency and Size of Wage Changes
Along with house rents, wages have frequently been described as the ttstickiestu prices in the economy, rarely adjusted more than once a year
Forecasting the Effects of a Negative Income Tax Program
This paper outlines a scheme that forecasts the change in net earnings or in hours worked that results from the introduction of a negative income tax (NIT) program. The authors illustrate this scheme by estimating labor supply functions for married men, married women, and single women who participated in the Seattle-Denver Income Maintenance Experiments. These functions are then used to simulate the effects of several NIT programs. The findings s…
An Ownership Theory of the Trade Union . Donald L. Martin
Wage-Fixing
Trade Unions
Chapter 1 Labor supply of men
Testing between Competing Models of Wage and Employment Determination in Unionized Markets
Two models of wage and employment determination in unionized markets are routinely exposited. According to one, wage and employment outcomes are on the firm's labor demand curve; according to the other, wages and employment are on the partie' contract curve. This paper spells out an empirical procedure that discriminates between these two models and applies this procedure to the particular case of the newspaper industry and the International Typo…
Believing what we cannot prove
The Determination of Wages, Employment, and Work Hours in an Economy with Centralised Wage-Setting
Journal Article The Determination of Wages, Employment, and Work Hours in an Economy with Centralised Wage-Setting: Sweden, 1950-83 Get access John Pencavel, John Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bertil Holmlund Bertil Holmlund Uppsala University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 98, Issue 393, 1 December 1988, …
Prospects for Economics
Journal Article Prospects for Economics Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 101, Issue 404, 1 January 1991, Pages 81–87, https://doi.org/10.2307/2233842 Published: 01 January 1991
Changes in Work Hours of Male Employees, 1940-1988
This paper examines changes in work hours of male employees as reported in Decennial Censuses from 1940 to 1980 and in the 1980 and 1988 Current Population Surveys. Aggregate data analyzed in previous research do not reveal the changes in hours that have occurred among workers of different skills. Although median weekly hours were virtually constant from 1940 to 1988, the upper tail of the hours distribution fell for those with little schooling a…
Trends in Market Work Behavior of Women Since 1940
The authors analyze the movements in work hours and employment of female employees as reported in Decennial Censuses from 1940 to 1980 and in Current Population Surveys from 1980 and 1988. Women with relatively little schooling were working fewer hours in the 1980s than in 1940; the reverse is true of well-educated women. These patterns remain when the data are disaggregated by marital status and the presence of children, and they are also little…
The Empirical Performance of Orthodox Models of the Firm
Though it is routinely posited that organizations with different property rights will not exhibit the same responses to changes in their economic environment, compelling evidence of such behavior is difficult to find. The authors collected observations on two types of firms--conventional proprietorships and worker-owned cooperatives--operating in the same industry, in the same location, and at the same period of time. They compare the firms' reac…
British Unemployment
Journal Article British Unemployment: Letter from America Get access John Pencavel John Pencavel Department of Economics, Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 104, Issue 424, 1 May 1994, Pages 621–632, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234637 Published: 01 May 1994
Worker Participation
The Effect of Macroeconomic Turbulence on Real Wage Levels and the Wage Structure
Economics (33 obras) · Labour economics (26 obras) · Labor Movements and Unions (15 obras) · Wage (13 obras) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (10 obras) · Demographic economics (9 obras) · Political science (9 obras) · Sociology (9 obras) · Business (8 obras) · Engineering (8 obras)