Julio Frenk
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 316754 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Julio Frenk |
| NOMBRES | Julio |
| APELLIDO | Frenk |
| FIRMA | FRENK J |
| AFILIACIONES | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8760-7926 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 79 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
The Perilous Mix of Populism and Pandemics
Populist leaders have consistently rejected evidence-based policies in responding to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. They acted later and with less intensity than non-populists in implementing public health measures such as physical distancing, lockdowns, and developing public health data sets. We describe the responses of ten large countries with populist leadership at the onset of the pandemic (Brazil, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, Po…
La atención a la salud en Mesoamérica antes y después de 1519
This paper discusses the situation of healthcare in Mesoamerica before and immediately after 1519. In the first 50 years after the Conquest, the Spaniards made extensive use of Nahuatl medicine. However, the influence of this medical tradition was limited due to the rapid imposition of a very different medical system which took little advantage of, among other things, the therapeutic wealth of pre-Hispanic healing traditions
Alleviating the access abyss in palliative care and pain relief—an imperative of universal health coverage
Finance and Governance
The author reflects on international finance and governance in relation to the 70th anniversary of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the election of the WHO's next director-general. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009 is addressed, along with the financial vulnerability of the WHO and the impact of voluntary donations on the WHO's budget. The author's claim that the WHO was unable to effectively perform the functions needed to deal wit…
Women and Health
La salud móvil y los sistemas de salud
Usually when we talk about information technologies we are speaking about the technology itself and its contents. In this article I want to focus on mobile technologies for health (mobile health), but not so much on the content of mobile health but in its context, represented by the health systems where these technologies are deployed. The central message is that in order to capitalize on the potential of the mobile communications revolution, it …
A Renewed Vision for Higher Education in Public Health
We are transforming the educational strategy at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health guided by 5 principles: (1) development of T-shaped competencies (breadth across fields, depth in primary fields), (2) flexible and modular design accommodating different needs through the lifecycle, (3) greater experiential learning, (4) 3 levels of education (informative, formative, and transformative learning), and (5) integrated instructional design…
Assessing Proposals for New Global Health Treaties
We have presented an analytic framework and 4 criteria for assessing when global health treaties have reasonable prospects of yielding net positive effects. First, there must be a significant transnational dimension to the problem being addressed. Second, the goals should justify the coercive nature of treaties. Third, proposed global health treaties should have a reasonable chance of achieving benefits. Fourth, treaties should be the best commit…
The political origins of health inequity
Despite large gains in health over the past few decades, the distribution of health risks worldwide remains extremely and unacceptably uneven. Although the health sector has a crucial role in addressing health inequalities, its eff orts often come into confl ict with powerful global actors in pursuit of other interests such as protection of national security, safeguarding of sovereignty, or economic goals. This is the starting point of The Lancet…
Governance Challenges in Global Health
Global health is at the threshold of a new era. Few times in his- tory has the world faced challenges as complex as those now posed by a trio of threats: first, the unfinished agenda of infections, undernutrition, and reproductive health problems; second, the rising global burden of noncommu- nicable diseases and their associated risk factors, such as smoking and obesity; and third, the challenges arising from globalization itself, such as the he…
Global health 2035
countries can be reduced by 2035 through inexpensive population-based and clinical interventions. Fiscal policies are an especially promising lever for reducing this burden.
The quest for universal health coverage
Global public health leadership for the twenty-first century
We are at an unprecedented moment in history in terms of the health of populations around the world. New and old problems all require both short- and long-term solutions, at the individual, community, national and global levels. Unique solutions for each challenge may not be feasible or adequately effective or cost-effective. We are confronted by health systems that are not well matched to current and future needs, both for sustained prevention a…
Profesionales de la salud para el nuevo siglo
Profesionales de la salud para el nuevo siglo
Health professionals for a new century
Lecciones globales de la reforma mexicana de salud
This paper illustrates, using as an example the recent reform of the Mexican health system, the potential of knowledge in the design and implementation of public policies. In the first part the relationship between knowledge and health is described. In part two, the efforts in Mexico to generate evidence that would eventually nourish the design and implementation of health policies are discussed. In the following sections the content and the guid…
Lecciones globales de la reforma mexicana de salud
En este artículo se ilustra, con la reciente reforma al sistema mexicano de salud, el potencial del conocimiento en el diseño e implantación de las políticas públicas. En primer lugar se discute la relación entre conocimiento y salud. En una segunda parte se describen los esfuerzos que se llevaron a cabo en México para generar evidencias que eventualmente nutrieron el diseño e implantación de las políticas locales de salud. En seguida se analizan…
The World Health Report 2000
Anniversaries offer the opportunity to revisit events that have been enriched by the passage of time. They help to balance disagreements, create new consensuses and re-launch promising discussions. The decennial of the World Health Report 2000 (WHR 2000) may be such an auspicious occasion (WHO 2000). There are two aspects of the WHR 2000 that are worth considering: the context and the content. The key event regarding the context of the report was…
Breast cancer in Mexico
Breast cancer is a serious threat to the health of women globally, and an unrecognised priority in middle-income countries. This paper presents data from Mexico. It shows that breast cancer accounts for more deaths than cervical cancer since 2006. It is the second cause of death for women aged 30–54 and affects all socio-economic groups. Data on detection, although under-reported, show 6,000 new cases in 1990, and a projected increase to over 16,…
Comprehensive reform to improve health system performance in Mexico
Determinants of Medical Employment in Urban Mexico
This study examines unemployment and underemployment of physicians in urban Mexico. The framework is relevant to countries with substantial increases in physician supply. Based on surveys from 1986 and 1993, the study analyses physician performance in the labour market as a function of ascription (social origin and gender), achievement (quality of medical education and specialization) and contextual variables (policy environments). By comparing t…
Trends in medical employment
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the extreme medical unemployment and underemployment in the urban areas of Mexico. The conceptual and methodological approach may be relevant to many countries that have experienced substantial increases in the supply of physicians during the last decades. METHODS: On the basis of 2 surveys carried out in 1986 and 1993, the study analyzed the performance of physicians in the labor market as a function of ascription…
Transiciones
Commerce in health services in North America within the context of the North American Free Trade Agreement
This article discusses the future of commercial trade in personal health services in North America within the context of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the latter's potential influence on health care for the Mexican people. It begins by defining concepts related to international trade of services, particularly health services, and then proceeds to analyze elements of NAFTA that affect the delivery, regulation, and financing o…
Health transition in middle-income countries
Concepts behind current health systems are no longer adequate for dealing with the growing complexity of the health arena, both internationally and nationally. It is now too simplistic to classify world health in bipolar terms, such as East versus West, or North versus South. Conversely, epidemiologic differentiation within each country is now producing internal polarization: diminishing health care budgets may increase competition for scarce res…
Balancing relevance and excellence
State intervention in medical care
This article attempts to develop some of the basic elements for a theory of state intervention in medical care. First, a typology of state intervention is proposed based on two dimensions: the form of state control over the production of medical services and the basis for eligibility of the population. The resulting twelve types provide a means of describing national patterns of state intervention at a given point in time. Next, in order to analy…
Patterns of medical employment
This article quantifies the magnitude and correlates of the major imbalances affecting the employment of physicians in the urban areas of Mexico. Since the early 1970s the country has experienced a rapid increase in the supply of doctors, which its health system was unable to absorb fully. In 1986, we conducted a survey in the 16 most important cities based on a probability sample of households where someone with an MD degree lived. A total of 60…
The public/private mix and human resources for health
This paper examines the general question of the public/private mix in health care, with special emphasis on its implications for human resources. After a brief conceptual exercise to clarify these terms, we place the problem of human resources in the context of the growing complexity of health systems. We next move to an analysis of potential policy alternatives. Unfortunately, a lot of the public/private debate has looked only at the pragmatic a…
The Perilous Mix of Populism and Pandemics
Populist leaders have consistently rejected evidence-based policies in responding to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. They acted later and with less intensity than non-populists in implementing public health measures such as physical distancing, lockdowns, and developing public health data sets. We describe the responses of ten large countries with populist leadership at the onset of the pandemic (Brazil, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, Po…
Assessing Proposals for New Global Health Treaties
We have presented an analytic framework and 4 criteria for assessing when global health treaties have reasonable prospects of yielding net positive effects. First, there must be a significant transnational dimension to the problem being addressed. Second, the goals should justify the coercive nature of treaties. Third, proposed global health treaties should have a reasonable chance of achieving benefits. Fourth, treaties should be the best commit…
Breast cancer in Mexico
Breast cancer is a serious threat to the health of women globally, and an unrecognised priority in middle-income countries. This paper presents data from Mexico. It shows that breast cancer accounts for more deaths than cervical cancer since 2006. It is the second cause of death for women aged 30–54 and affects all socio-economic groups. Data on detection, although under-reported, show 6,000 new cases in 1990, and a projected increase to over 16,…
Consequences of the North American Free Trade Agreement for health services
OBJECTIVES. The purposes of the study were to assess the potential impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on medical care in Mexico and to identify internal measures Mexico could take to increase the benefits and minimize the risks of free trade. METHODS. The dual nature of the health sector is examined; the Mexican, Canadian, and US health care systems are compared; and modes and consequences of international exchange of healt…
A Renewed Vision for Higher Education in Public Health
We are transforming the educational strategy at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health guided by 5 principles: (1) development of T-shaped competencies (breadth across fields, depth in primary fields), (2) flexible and modular design accommodating different needs through the lifecycle, (3) greater experiential learning, (4) 3 levels of education (informative, formative, and transformative learning), and (5) integrated instructional design…
Monitoring and Protecting Health and Human Rights in Mexico
This paper describes a unique system through which health care-related human rights are now being monitored and protected in Mexico. Based on the ombudsman concept, the system focuses on identifying and responding to violations of human rights and dignity which may occur in the context of health care delivery. Experience thus far has been encouraging; the Mexican population has identified and used the National Commission of Human Rights as a foru…
Career preferences and perceptions of the medical labor market among Mexican interns
Career Preferences Under Conditions of Medical Unemployment
This article presents a multivariate analysis of the career preferences of 923 Mexican interns. Such preferences were operationalized along two dimensions: type of activity (general/family practice, primary specialties, or subspecialties) and type of institution (public assistance, social security, or private). There were six independent variables: father's occupation, father's education, type of medical school, place of internship, assimilation …
State intervention in medical care
This article attempts to develop some of the basic elements for a theory of state intervention in medical care. First, a typology of state intervention is proposed based on two dimensions: the form of state control over the production of medical services and the basis for eligibility of the population. The resulting twelve types provide a means of describing national patterns of state intervention at a given point in time. Next, in order to analy…
Los sismos de septiembre y la salud en México
El artículo examina los efectos que causaron los sismos sobre la salud de la población y sobre la infraestructura de los servicios de salud en México, así como su incidencia sobre el desarrollo de la reforma planteada para ese sector por la actual administración. Para ello se analizan las características generales de dicha reforma, los obstáculos que enfrentaba y los problemas que surgieron a raíz de los sismos. Se concluye que a pesar de que el …
Health transition in middle-income countries
Concepts behind current health systems are no longer adequate for dealing with the growing complexity of the health arena, both internationally and nationally. It is now too simplistic to classify world health in bipolar terms, such as East versus West, or North versus South. Conversely, epidemiologic differentiation within each country is now producing internal polarization: diminishing health care budgets may increase competition for scarce res…
Patterns of medical employment
This article quantifies the magnitude and correlates of the major imbalances affecting the employment of physicians in the urban areas of Mexico. Since the early 1970s the country has experienced a rapid increase in the supply of doctors, which its health system was unable to absorb fully. In 1986, we conducted a survey in the 16 most important cities based on a probability sample of households where someone with an MD degree lived. A total of 60…
Balancing relevance and excellence
The public/private mix and human resources for health
This paper examines the general question of the public/private mix in health care, with special emphasis on its implications for human resources. After a brief conceptual exercise to clarify these terms, we place the problem of human resources in the context of the growing complexity of health systems. We next move to an analysis of potential policy alternatives. Unfortunately, a lot of the public/private debate has looked only at the pragmatic a…
Consequences of the North American Free Trade Agreement for health services
OBJECTIVES. The purposes of the study were to assess the potential impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on medical care in Mexico and to identify internal measures Mexico could take to increase the benefits and minimize the risks of free trade. METHODS. The dual nature of the health sector is examined; the Mexican, Canadian, and US health care systems are compared; and modes and consequences of international exchange of healt…
Monitoring and Protecting Health and Human Rights in Mexico
This paper describes a unique system through which health care-related human rights are now being monitored and protected in Mexico. Based on the ombudsman concept, the system focuses on identifying and responding to violations of human rights and dignity which may occur in the context of health care delivery. Experience thus far has been encouraging; the Mexican population has identified and used the National Commission of Human Rights as a foru…
Transiciones
Commerce in health services in North America within the context of the North American Free Trade Agreement
This article discusses the future of commercial trade in personal health services in North America within the context of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the latter's potential influence on health care for the Mexican people. It begins by defining concepts related to international trade of services, particularly health services, and then proceeds to analyze elements of NAFTA that affect the delivery, regulation, and financing o…
Trends in medical employment
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the extreme medical unemployment and underemployment in the urban areas of Mexico. The conceptual and methodological approach may be relevant to many countries that have experienced substantial increases in the supply of physicians during the last decades. METHODS: On the basis of 2 surveys carried out in 1986 and 1993, the study analyzed the performance of physicians in the labor market as a function of ascription…
Determinants of Medical Employment in Urban Mexico
This study examines unemployment and underemployment of physicians in urban Mexico. The framework is relevant to countries with substantial increases in physician supply. Based on surveys from 1986 and 1993, the study analyses physician performance in the labour market as a function of ascription (social origin and gender), achievement (quality of medical education and specialization) and contextual variables (policy environments). By comparing t…
Comprehensive reform to improve health system performance in Mexico
Breast cancer in Mexico
Breast cancer is a serious threat to the health of women globally, and an unrecognised priority in middle-income countries. This paper presents data from Mexico. It shows that breast cancer accounts for more deaths than cervical cancer since 2006. It is the second cause of death for women aged 30–54 and affects all socio-economic groups. Data on detection, although under-reported, show 6,000 new cases in 1990, and a projected increase to over 16,…
Health professionals for a new century
Lecciones globales de la reforma mexicana de salud
This paper illustrates, using as an example the recent reform of the Mexican health system, the potential of knowledge in the design and implementation of public policies. In the first part the relationship between knowledge and health is described. In part two, the efforts in Mexico to generate evidence that would eventually nourish the design and implementation of health policies are discussed. In the following sections the content and the guid…
Lecciones globales de la reforma mexicana de salud
En este artículo se ilustra, con la reciente reforma al sistema mexicano de salud, el potencial del conocimiento en el diseño e implantación de las políticas públicas. En primer lugar se discute la relación entre conocimiento y salud. En una segunda parte se describen los esfuerzos que se llevaron a cabo en México para generar evidencias que eventualmente nutrieron el diseño e implantación de las políticas locales de salud. En seguida se analizan…
The World Health Report 2000
Anniversaries offer the opportunity to revisit events that have been enriched by the passage of time. They help to balance disagreements, create new consensuses and re-launch promising discussions. The decennial of the World Health Report 2000 (WHR 2000) may be such an auspicious occasion (WHO 2000). There are two aspects of the WHR 2000 that are worth considering: the context and the content. The key event regarding the context of the report was…
Profesionales de la salud para el nuevo siglo
Profesionales de la salud para el nuevo siglo
The quest for universal health coverage
Global public health leadership for the twenty-first century
We are at an unprecedented moment in history in terms of the health of populations around the world. New and old problems all require both short- and long-term solutions, at the individual, community, national and global levels. Unique solutions for each challenge may not be feasible or adequately effective or cost-effective. We are confronted by health systems that are not well matched to current and future needs, both for sustained prevention a…
Governance Challenges in Global Health
Global health is at the threshold of a new era. Few times in his- tory has the world faced challenges as complex as those now posed by a trio of threats: first, the unfinished agenda of infections, undernutrition, and reproductive health problems; second, the rising global burden of noncommu- nicable diseases and their associated risk factors, such as smoking and obesity; and third, the challenges arising from globalization itself, such as the he…
Medicine (23 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Economics (18 obras) · Environmental health (12 obras) · Health care (12 obras) · Economic growth (11 obras) · Healthcare Systems and Reforms (11 obras) · Nursing (11 obras) · Global Health Workforce Issues (10 obras) · Business (9 obras)